The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1722 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Niwano Nikky
(co-founder of RKK):
(co-founder of RKK):
Niyama
(Skt., ‘restraint’).
1
In Hinduism, the second ‘limb’ of ‘eight-limbed’ (
a
a
ga
) or
r
ja
yoga
concerning self-discipline to help purify the mind of impediments (
kle
a
).
2
In Buddhism, the constraints which control eventualities into their outcomes:
1
In Hinduism, the second ‘limb’ of ‘eight-limbed’ (
a
aga) or
r
jayoga
concerning self-discipline to help purify the mind of impediments (
kle
a).
2
In Buddhism, the constraints which control eventualities into their outcomes:
(i) bjaniyama, biological or hereditary constraints;
(ii) mano- or
citta-niyama
, unwilled operations of the mental order;
(iii)
karma-niyama
, the consequences of volitional dispositions;
(iv) uti-niyama, constraints in the physical environment;
(v)
dharma-niyama
, constraints derived from the transcendental order. From these, it will be seen that events cannot be construed as the simple working out of karma, as though all eventualities must have a preceding karmic cause.
Niyya
(Arab., ‘intention’). The ‘intention’ which must be pronounced before carrying out a religious observance, in order to make it valid in Islamic religious law.
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