The Crusades of Cesar Chavez (89 page)

2
   76 percent of the vote
Tape of Dec. 1979 NEB, UFWA

3
   “on cloud nine”
Tape of Jun. 1980 NEB, UFWA

4
   “organization led by farmworkers”
Chavez report to convention, Aug. 26, 1977, OOP2, Box 38, Folder 19

5
   “more than Linda Ronstadt”
Tape of Dec. 1979 NEB

6
   “ridiculous and untenable”
Ganz to Chavez, Sep. 26, 1980, GANZ, Box 1, Folder 7

7
   marked up his copy
“Plan for the Vegetable Industry,” Oct. 7, 1980, UFW 1986 Accession, Box 17

8
   “the workers couldn’t wait”
Orendain, in Jack Anderson column, Mar. 1980

9
   undercut the Arizona upstarts
UFW v. AERB
, Mar. 1980, MCOP, Box 28, Acc 1990-402; Campaign for Human Development Grant, MCOP, Accession 1990-402, Box 58

10
   Barry followed a trail
Interviews and drafts of Barry stories in MCOP, Accession 1994-1302, Box 4

11
   “Rumors continue to persist”
Cesar to Manuel Chavez, Oct. 10, 1975, UFW 1986 Accession, Box 15

12
   confirmed the rumors
“Criticism of Chavez takes root in farm labor struggle,”
New York Times
, Feb. 7, 1979; Barry stories, MCOP Accession 1994-1302, Box 4

13
   “a vicious attack”
Chavez, Mar. 19, 1980, OOP Box 27, Folder 8

14
   “his words have power”
Hartmire response to Anderson, Mar. 1980, Hartmire papers

15
   a retraction
Jack Anderson column,
Washington Post
, Jun. 7, 1980

16
   “a monopoly on service”
Moyer to Hartmire, Dec. 9, 1980, Hartmire papers

17
   “counter-organizing event”
Memo to Chavez, May 24, 1981, UFW 1986 Accession, Box 54

18
   He asked Tramutt
Tramutola interview

19
   “at checkmate”
Zerger diary, Oct. 6, 1980, courtesy of Zerger

20
   “If we don’t get Bruce Church”
Tape of Nov. 22, 1980, NEB, UFWA

21
   did not return Cohen’s calls
Cohen to Chavez, Mar. 4, 1981, courtesy of Cohen

22
   Guzman never arrived
Govea and Ganz to Chavez, Jan. 31, 1981, Govea papers

23
   politicking must stop
Chavez meeting notes, Feb. 10, 1981, UFW 1986 Accession, Box 54

24
   Everyone must choose
Agenda for May 30, 1981, meeting, JEL, Box 33, Folder 694

25
   dictated a new rule
Chavez memo, Sep. 1, 1981, UFW 1986 Accession, Box 54

26
   puppets of Ganz
David Martinez memos, Aug. 24, 1981, JEL, Box 33, Folder 694

27
   “to bury our beloved union”
Transcript of UFW convention, Sep. 5–6, 1981, in possession of author

28
    anti-Semitic arguments
Campaign flyer, UFW 1986 Accession, Box 54

29
   Higgins grew alarmed
Higgins to Chavez, Sep. 21, 1981, Hartmire papers

30
   “a great relief”
Transcript of Oct. 24, 1981, speech, Hartmire papers

31
   Ortiz’s clarification
Ortiz to Chavez, Sep. 11, 1981, UFW 1986 Accession, Box 54

32
   “They’ll all be back”
Washburn interview

Chapter 36

Sources: U.S. District Court files; Hartmire papers; author interviews with Bustamante, Eggers, Hartmire, Laue, Lopez, Padilla, and Torres.

1
   “what Cesar taught us”
Salinas Californian
, Dec. 10, 1982

2
   “some kind of threat”
Bustamante declaration, May 18, 1982, in
Hermilio Mojica et al v. United Farm Workers
C82-0512 (hereafter, “court files”)

3
   sued for libel
United Farm Workers v. Mojica et al.
, C82-644

4
   effort to intimidate
Jeff Coplon affidavit, in court files

5
   He took notes
Hartmire notes, Hartmire papers

6
   turned away
Ibid.

7
   front-page story
“Chavez Faces External and Internal Struggles,”
New York Times
, Dec. 6, 1981

8
   “lived up to the dreams”
Marc Grossman to Chavez, Aug. 5, 1983, on http://chavez.cde.ca.gov/researchcenter

9
   Bradley asked Chavez
CBS,
60 Minutes
, broadcast Dec. 25, 1983

10
   Perkins arrived at La Paz
Tape of Perkins filming interviews, UFWA

11
   preemptive attack
Chavez response, Jan. 27, 1980, OOP3, Box 32, Folder 44

12
   NBC did not mince words
Prime Time
segment aired at various times during early Jan. 1980; “U.S. Confirms Inquiry into UFW’s Handling of Funds,”
Los Angeles Times
, Jan. 26, 1980

13
   “misery and grief”
Mahony to Higgins, Jan. 27, 1980, AALA, Folder 1980

14
   improperly used
Barbara Macri to 1988 convention, OOP3, Box 21, Folder 16

15
   Chavez arranged transfers
Loan to buy computers, Hartmire papers

16
   owed $390,000
“IRS Says Chavez’s Union Owes $400,000,”
Los Angeles Times
, Jul. 19, 1980

17
   “hand the politicians the check”
Tape of Apr. 5, 1978, NEB, UFWA

18
   a $30,000 loan
Loan agreement, Sep. 12, 1980, DH, Box 22, Folder 19

19
   “Farmer Brown”
Memo, n.d., DH, Box 2

20
   rejected earlier overtures
Eggers, Jun. 2, 1994, JEL, Box 33, Folder 696

21
   Maggio offered to sign
Eggers to NEB
, Jun. 6, 1985, DH, Box 32, Folder 7

22
   “never had any question”
Chavez deposition, May 1, 1982, court files

23
   “they were elected”
Judge William A. Ingram, Nov. 16, 1982, court files

24
   “incompetence and insubordination”
Fresno Bee
, Nov. 20, 1982

25
   Judge Ingram disagreed
Ingram order, Nov. 30, 1984, court files

26
   found himself in demand
Hayden invitation, DH papers, Box 26, Folder 18; Peace Sunday,
Pacifica Radio
report, Jun. 6, 1982

27
   “the only true hero”
Account of reunion from souvenir program, in possession of author; UPI May 29, 1982;
San Jose Mercury News
, May 23, 1982; KQED California public radio report, FMDP

28
   celebration at La Paz
Hartmire notes, homily, Apr. 3, 1982, Hartmire papers

29
   Chavez buried his father
Notes and program for Librado Chavez funeral, Hartmire papers

Chapter 37

Sources: State campaign finance reports; Hartmire papers; author interviews with Hartmire and Torres.

1
   The poll
“Latino Heroes: Few and Far Between,”
Los Angeles Times
, Aug. 5, 1983

2
   Almaraz changed his name
Almaraz oral history, Feb. 6, 1987, Archives of American Art

3
   “Without you”
Almaraz to Chavez, Apr. 16 and Nov. 19, 1974, OOP2, Box 43, Folder 9

4
   Chicano Lobby
Chavez often used the terms
Chicano
,
Hispanic
,
Latino
, and
Mexican American
interchangeably, sometimes referring to the same group by different terms in one speech.

5
   “different from my father”
“He Is His Own Man,”
Los Angeles Times
, Jul. 27, 1983

6
   the union paid dues
“Chavez and Farm Workers Adapt Tactics to the Times,”
New York Times
, Jul. 31, 1983

7
   “the pivotal vote”
“New President of MAPA Seeks to Boost Political Clout,” Associated Press, Dec. 4, 1983

8
   “start with people”
Tape of Chavez with boycotters, Jan. 27, 1969, UFWA

9
   “revolutionized business”
Chavez to NEB, May 27, 1983, DH, Box 30, Folder 18

10
   “do something different”
“Chavez and Farm Workers Adapt Tactics to the Times,”
New York Times
, Jul. 31, 1983

11
   “mobilize the Hispanic community”
Chavez to NEB, May 27, 1983

12
   “take up arms again”
Chavez report to 1983 UFW convention, Hartmire papers

13
   “back to where we left off”
Chavez statement, Jul. 11, 1984, in possession of author

14
   “Yesterday it was all right”
Chavez to NEB, Feb. 3, 1984, DH, Box 30, Folder 18

15
   different television spots
Ross to Chavez, Mar. 22, 1985, OOP3, Box 5, Folder 7

16
   veto message
Feinstein press release, Jul. 18, 1985, in possession of author

17
   second-largest political contributors
Campaign finance records, California Department of State records, State Archives

18
   “most powerful weapon”
President’s newsletter, Aug. 7, 1978, in possession of author

19
   more than $50
Emilio Huerta to Barbara Macri, Aug. 1972, DH, Box 22, Folder 44

20
   contributed $750,000
UFW PAC filings, California State Archives, Sacramento

21
   state commission concluded
FPPC report, DH papers, Box 22, Folder 39

22
   “undeniably guilty”
Eggers to NEB, Jun. 9, 1983, UFW 1986 Accession, Box 26

23
   “when we get double-crossed”
“Chavez Puts Prestige on Line to Aid Garcia,”
Los Angeles Times
, May 30, 1982

24
   never spoke again
Torres interview

25
   beholden to the union
Ross to Chavez, Nov. 7, 1983, OOP3, Box 8, Folder 54

26
   cried all the way
Richard Chavez to Huerta, n.d., DH, Box 21, Folder 64

27
   “different kind of audience”
Chavez to Temple Black, Oct. 24, 1984, Commonwealth Club papers, Hoover Institution Library, Box 500, Folder 16

28
   eloquent epitaph
Nov. 9, 1984, Commonwealth Club address, Commonwealth Club papers

Chapter 38

1
   longhand notes
Chavez notes on first meeting of Farm Worker Corp., Mar. 25, 1989, OOP3, Box 8, Folder 1

2
   dues had fallen
UFW LM2 reports, U.S. Department of Labor

3
   jobs covered by UFW contracts
Chavez to 1986 convention, OOP3, Box 10, Folder 14

4
   lost fifteen more contracts
Jan. 26, 1987, report, DH, Box 18, Folder 34

5
   op-ed piece
“UFW Must Get Back to Organizing,”
Los Angeles Times
, Jan. 15, 1986

6
   expand the membership
Convention call for Sep. 4, 1988, OOP3, Box 7, Folder 7; Community union memo, OOP3, Box 8, Folder 1

7
   only 1,063 members
Credit Union minutes, Mar. 20, 1988, OOP3, Box 19, Folder 31

8
   sales topped half a million
Nov. 29, 1989, minutes of ETG, OOP3, Box 12, Folder 50

9
   a return of 25 to 50 percent
Minutes of MLK Trustees, Oct. 17, 1983, OOP3, Box 9, Folder MLK

10
   introduced the Fresno appraiser
Transcript of 1986 convention, OOP3, Box 11, Folder 1

11
   shifted the focus
Memos, OOP3, Box 32, Folder 18