The Crusades of Cesar Chavez (90 page)

12
   real estate portfolio
Detailed in DH, Box 18, Folder 28

13
   Bonita Construction
Payment to Bonita Construction, OOP3, Box 12, Folder 38

14
   “explanation to my members”
Bill Armstrong to Chavez, Mar. 15, 1988, OOP3, Box 8, Folder 9

15
   Chavez attacked growers
Chavez to Stan Smith, Building Trades Council, Mar. 28, 1988, Ibid.

16
   “Dear Friend” letter
OOP3, Box 4, Folder 21

17
   spoke at sixty-four events
OOP3, Box 4, Folders 10, 13, 47

18
   marketing plan
OOP3, Box 5, Folder 4

19
   detailed checklists
OOP3, Box 4, Folder 21

20
    “the more you own”
Chavez speech at Harvard Kennedy School, Feb. 27, 1990, http://forum.iop.harvard.edu/content/it-us-policy-v-public-solution-pesticide-poisoning

21
   “the polls never close”
Chavez speech at Harvard Kennedy School, Apr. 6, 1992, http://forum.iop.harvard.edu/content/reflections-social-justice

22
   “I have nothing else to do”
Ibid.

23
   eighteen nonprofit and commercial entities
Documents for Jan. 1989 NEB, Hartmire papers

24
    first pension checks
Chavez notes, Jun. 28, 1983, UFW 1986 Accession, Box 2

25
   private foundation with $8 million
Details of MLK fund in Chavez to NEB, Oct. 20, 1992, OOP3, Box 42, Folder 10; NEB memos, OOP3, Box 9, MLK folder; DH, Box 32, Folder 9

Chapter 39

Sources: Hartmire papers; ALRB records; Court files;
The Wrath of Grapes
; www.cesarslastfast.com; author interviews with Hartmire and Moses.

1
   “Join Us, Again, in Delano”
Invitation, OOP3, Box 21, Folder 5

2
   five union martyrs
In addition to De la Cruz and Daifullah in 1973 and Contreras in 1979, Nan Freeman, 18, was hit by a truck on a Florida picket line in 1972 and Rene Lopez, 21, was shot on a picket line outside a Fresno dairy in 1983.

3
   “We’re predicting”
Description of event from Hartmire notes;
Food and Justice
, June 1987; Commemorative Journal, in possession of author; quote from
San Diego Union-Tribune
, May 24, 1987

4
   “We built this union twice”
San Diego Union-Tribune
, May 24, 1987

5
   “go back to organizing”
San Diego Union-Tribune
, May 25, 1987

6
   Chavez told Denison
Denison interview

7
   “no safe pesticides”
Chavez speech at Harvard Kennedy School, Feb. 27, 1990, http://forum.iop.harvard.edu/content/it-us-policy-v-public-solution-pesticide-poisoning

8
   fund-raising scripts
OOP3, Box 12, Folder 36

9
   more than $100,000
Ibid.

10
    “These cancer clusters”
Chavez at Harvard, Feb. 27, 1990

11
   “exploiting our children”
Rosales to college administrators, Apr. 30, 1991, OOP3, Box 5, Folder 36

12
   “no other cause”
Chavez, Jun. 4, 1988, Hartmire papers

13
   “assign everyone to the boycott”
Chavez to NEB, Sep. 4, 1988, Hartmire papers

14
   “the killing fields”
Scott Simon report,
NPR
, Jun. 2, 1990

15
   confronted Dolores Huerta
Richard Steven Street in
California Farmer
, Jul. 16, 1988

16
   “I don’t appreciate the interview”
Scott Simon,
NPR
, Jun. 2, 1990

17
   thirty-one contracts
UC Davis study cited in “Fast by Chavez Passes 29th Day,”
New York Times
, Aug. 16, 1988

18
   “something I feel compelled to do”
Chavez statement, in possession of author

19
   “always led us by his example”
Account of fast from newspaper stories, Hartmire notes, detailed chronology by Pat Hoffman for NFWM, Hartmire papers

20
   called the FBI
FBI report, Dec. 1988, SC-9A-1191

21
   former accountant had embezzled
U.S. v. Bryce Basey
, court records, U.S. District Court, Fresno

22
   “Hartmire and Chavez”
Account of meeting from Hartmire notes and interview; John Hartmire to Chris Hartmire, Jan. 26, 1989, Hartmire papers

23
   “difficult to believe”
Moses to Hartmire, n.d., Hartmire papers

24
   “Cesar is just too complex”
Cook to Hartmire, Feb. 20, 1989, Hartmire papers

25
   “got what was coming to me”
Hartmire journal, Hartmire papers

26
   case against Denison
Index cards, OOP3, Box 32, Folder 13

27
   “Indestructible Spirit”
“Indestructible Spirit,” OOP3, Box 43, Folder 39; 1992 convention program, OOP Box 43, Folder 40

28
   vice president emeritus
1990 convention proceedings, OOP3, Box 21, Folder 18

29
   “hoping and praying”
Irrgang to Hartmire, May 12, 1990, Hartmire papers

30
   Aguila Azteca
Memos on Aguila Azteca and trip, OOP3, Box 41, Folder 25

31
   “He encourages me”
Coachella Valley Sun
, Oct. 24, 1990

Chapter 40

Sources: Video of Juana Chavez rosary, funeral mass and burial, Wayne State; video of Fred Ross memorial, on FMDP; author interviews with Chatfield, Hartmire, Moses, and Valdez.

1
   “Remembering Nana”
Details of rosary and mass from video, UFWA

2
   “a wise woman”
Chavez handwritten eulogy, OOP3, Box 7, Folder 45

3
   buried Ross’s ashes
Fred Ross Jr. to Chavez, Oct. 9, 1992, OOP3, Box 32, Folder 20

4
   seven pages of notes
OOP3, Box 32, Folder 20

5
   the Ross memorial
Quotes and details from video

6
   went to many funerals
Chavez family interview, JEL, Box 31, Folder 672

7
   delighted in his grandchildren
Eric Chavez, on http://chavez.cde.ca.gov/researchcenter

8
   cooked an Indian feast
Richard Chavez, Paradigm Productions interview, FMDP

9
   sworn in as a witness
Court transcript of Apr. 21 and 22, 1993, in possession of author

10
   David Martinez entered the bedroom
Los Angeles Times
, Apr. 24, 1993

11
   upside down
Bruce Perry interview with paramedics, courtesy of Perry

12
   “Death is nothing”
“Cesar Chavez’s Causa,”
Washington Post
, Apr. 22, 1979

13
   took thirty-eight hours to build
Richard Chavez, Paradigm Productions interview FMDP

14
   funeral procession
Funeral description from interviews, newspaper accounts, and Hartmire planning notes, Hartmire papers

Epilogue

1
   chose the name
“School Named After Cesar Chavez,”
Los Angeles Times
, Jul. 12, 2002

2
   “most important citizen”
Interview with Zaninovich

3
   “They taught us”
Author interview with Nuño, Aug. 2005

4
   “I’m an organizer”
Author interview with Rivera, May 8, 2010

Cesario and Dorotea Chavez, Cesar’s grandparents, who homesteaded the family farm outside Yuma, with their youngest son, Felipe, and a grandchild. (Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University)

Placida Estrada, Cesar’s maternal grandmother, with her son, Jesus. (Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University)

Cesar Chavez at his eighth-grade graduation in 1942, the end of his formal schooling. (Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University)

Chavez poses in navy uniform at home in Delano, circa 1946. (Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University)