The Dreyfus Affair (60 page)

Bertillon, Alphonse

Chief of the Judicial Identification Department at the Paris Prefecture of Police. Judged the
bordereau
to have been written by Alfred Dreyfus.

Bertulus, Judge Paul

A civilian examining magistrate. Consulted by General de Pellieux on the legality of seizing Esterhazy’s letters to Mme de Boulancy, and the first civilian legal officer to be drawn into the Affair.

Billot, General Jean-Baptiste

Minister of War, April 1896–June 1898. Friend of Auguste Scheurer-Kestner. Anti-Dreyfusard.

Biot, Commandant Octave

Former officer in the territorial army who wrote for
La Libre Parole
on military matters under the pseudonym Commandant Z, often in collaboration with Esterhazy.

Boisdeffre, General Raoul François Charles le Mouton de

Chief of the Army General Staff, September 1893–September 1898. Architect of the Franco-Russian alliance.

Boulancy, Mme de

One-time mistress of Charles Esterhazy.

Bréon, Major Lancrau de

A judge at the Rennes court martial. Devout Catholic.

Brogniart, Lieutenant-Colonel François

A judge at the Rennes court martial.

Brücker, Martin-Joseph

Low-life agent working for Commandant Henry. He recruited Mme Bastian.

Casimir-Perier, Jean

Prime Minister, April–December 1893. Chosen as President in June 1894 after assassination of Sadi Carnot. Resigned in January 1895, disillusioned by his inability to control or influence government.

Cassagnac, Paul de

Editor of
L’Autorité
. Member of anti-Semitic faction in the Chamber of Deputies.

Castro, Jacques de

Parisian stockbroker of South American origin.

Cavaignac, Godefroy

Minister of War, November 1895–April 1896. Anti-Dreyfusard.

Chamoin, General Eugène

Representative of the Ministry of War at Dreyfus’s second court martial in Rennes.

Chanoine, General Charles

Minister of War, September–October 1898.

Clemenceau, Georges

Radical politician. Compromised by the Panama Canal scandal. Founder of
L’Aurore
.
Prominent Dreyfusard.

Cochefert, Commissaire Armand

Head of CID at the Sûreté Générale seconded to the Statistical Section.

Combes, Émile

Prime Minister, June 1902–January 1905. Militant anti-clerical.

Cordier, Commandant Albert

Deputy Commander of the Statistical Section at the time of Dreyfus’s arrest.

Cuers, Richard

French spy working for German military intelligence, the Nachrichtenbureau.

Cuignet, Captain Louis

Officer who collated the secret dossier for the Ministers of War Billot and Cavaignac. Anti-Dreyfusard.

Demange, Edgar

Dreyfus’s first lawyer.

Déroulède, Paul

Poet and politician. Founded the Ligue des Patriotes. Anti-Dreyfusard but not anti-Semitic.

Dreyfus, Alfred

Captain in the artillery. Candidate for the General Staff.

Dreyfus, Camille

Radical Deputy. Fought a duel with Marquis de Morès. Founded
Le Matin
.

Dreyfus, Jacques

Eldest brother of Albert Dreyfus.

Dreyfus, Jeanne

Daughter of Alfred Dreyfus, born 1893.

Dreyfus, Lucie

Née Hadamard. Wife of Alfred Dreyfus.

Dreyfus, Mathieu

Elder brother of Alfred Dreyfus.

Dreyfus, Pierre

Son of Alfred Dreyfus, born 1891.

Dreyfus, Raphaël

Father of Alfred Dreyfus.

Drumont, Édouard

Author of
La France juive
.
Founder of anti-Semitic newspaper
La Libre Parole
.

Dupuy, Charles

Prime Minister, May 1894–January 1895.

Esterhazy, Commandant Marie-Charles-Ferdinand Walsin

Infantry officer, son of a French general of remote Hungarian descent. Acted as second to André Crémieu-Foa in his duel with Édouard Drumont.

Faure, Félix

President of France, January 1895–February 1899.

Forzinetti, Commandant Ferdinand

Governor of the Cherche-Midi military prison.

Freycinet, Charles de

Reforming Minister of War, April 1888–January 1893 and November 1898–May 1899.

Freystaetter, Captain Martin

Judge at the first court martial.

Galliffet, General le Marquis de

Minister of War, June 1899–May 1900. Succeeded by General André.

Gambetta, Léon

Radical politician. Proclaimed a republic after the defeat of Napoleon III at Sedan. Escaped from Paris besieged by the Prussians in 1869 in a hot-air balloon. Anti-clerical.

Gobert, Alfred

Handwriting expert from the Banque de France. Judged that the handwriting of the
bordereau
was not that of Alfred Dreyfus.

Gonse, General Charles-Arthur

Deputy Chief of the General Staff, 1893–1899.

Gribelin, Félix

Archivist at the Statistical Section. Served as clerk to Commandant du Paty de Clam during his investigations.

Guénée, François

Former undercover police officer working for the Statistical Section. Controller of the French agent in the Spanish Embassy, the Marquis de Val Carlos.

Guérin, Jules

Active anti-Semite. Supported by the royalist pretender, the Duc d’Orléans; founded the Ligue Antisémitique in 1897 and the newspaper,
L’Antijuif
.

Hanotaux, Gabriel

Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1894. Retired from politics after Fashoda crisis in 1898. Friend of Dr Adrien Proust, father of Marcel.

Henry, Commandant Hubert Joseph

Third-in-command at the Statistical Section, the only officer who had risen from the ranks.

Jaurès, Jean

Leader of the Socialist Party.

Jouaust, Colonel Albert

Presiding judge at the second court martial.

Lac de Fugères, Père Stanislas du

French Jesuit, Rector of the École Sainte-Geneviève on the rue des Postes between 1872 and 1881.

Lauth, Captain Jules

Officer serving in the Statistical Section. Protestant from Alsace.

Lazare, Bernard

Jewish journalist recruited by Mathieu Dreyfus to promote the case of his brother Alfred. Author of
L’Antisémitisme, son histoire et ses causes
(
Anti-Semitism: Its History and Causes
).

Leblois, Louis

Lawyer. Friend of Georges Picquart from their schooldays in Alsace.

Lebrun-Renault, Captain Charles-Gustave

Officer in charge of Alfred Dreyfus prior to his degradation who later claimed that he had confessed.

Lépine, Commissaire Louis

Prefect of the Paris Police.

Loubet, Émile

President of France, February 1899–February 1906.

Matton, Captain Pierre

Italian specialist in the Statistical Section. Played a minor role in the Panizzardi telegram.

Maurel, Colonel E.

Presiding judge at the first court martial.

Maurras, Charles

Nationalist writer and journalist.

Mayer, Captain Armand

Jewish officer killed by the Marquis de Morès in a duel.

Mercier, General Auguste

Minister of War, December 1893–January 1895.

Merle, Commandant Émile

Judge at second court martial.

Meyer, Arthur

Jewish convert to Catholicism; editor of
Le Gaulois
.

Monnier, Pauline

Née Romazzotti. Wife of a civil servant in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, mistress of Colonel Georges Picquart.

Morès, Marquis Antoine de

Co-founder with Jules Guérin of the Ligue Antisémitique. Killed the Jewish Captain Armand Mayer in a duel in 1894.

Müller, Major

Chief of German military intelligence, the Nachrichtenbureau.

Mun, Comte Albert de

Right-wing deputy and monarchist who supported Pope Leo XIII’s
ralliement
– the acceptance of a republican form of government.

Münster von Derneburg, Graf Georges-Herbert

German Ambassador to France.

Nisard, Armand

Director of Political Affairs at the French Foreign Office, the Quai d’Orsay.

Ormescheville, Major Besson d’

Judge advocate (investigating magistrate) at the first court martial held in Paris. Cross-examined Alfred Dreyfus on 14 November 1894.

Paléologue, Maurice

Assistant to Armand Nisard at the French Foreign Office with responsibility for liaison with military intelligence (the Statistical Section). Witnessed Dreyfus’s degradation in 1895 and was both witness and observer at his second court martial in Rennes.

Panizzardi, Major Alessandro

Military attaché at the Italian Embassy in Paris. Friend and lover of Maximilian von Schwartzkoppen.

Parfait, Captain

Judge at the Rennes court martial.

Paty de Clam, Commandant Ferdinand du

Officer of the General Staff. Ordered by his cousin, General de Boisdeffre, to investigate the
bordereau
and subsequently to build up a case against Alfred Dreyfus.

Pays, Marguerite

Esterhazy’s mistress; previously the mistress of the journalist Ponchon de Saint-André, alias Boisandré of
La Libre Parole
.

Péguy, Charles

Socialist poet and essayist. Ardent Dreyfusard. Later converted to Catholicism. Close friend of Bernard Lazare.

Pelletier, Eugène

Handwriting expert. Judged that the handwriting of the
bordereau
was not that of Alfred Dreyfus.

Pellieux, General Georges de

Commander of the army in the department of the Seine. Ordered by General Saussier to conduct the investigation into Esterhazy after he was accused by Mathieu Dreyfus of being the traitor. Became a convinced anti-Dreyfusard.

Picard, Captain Ernest

Jewish officer marked down at the École de Guerre at the same time as Dreyfus.

Picquart, Colonel Georges