The Edge of the World: How the North Sea Made Us Who We Are (60 page)

33
Anthony Musson, ‘Images of
Marriage, a Comparison of Law, Custom and Practice in Medieval Europe’, in Mia
Korpiola (ed.),
Regional Variations in Matrimonial Law and Custom in Europe
1150–1600
(Leiden, 2011), p. 140.

34
Philippe Godding, ‘La Famille
dans le droit urbain’, in Myriam
Carlier and Tim Soens (eds.),
The Household in Late
Medieval Cities: Italy & Northwestern Europe Compared
(Leuven, 2001),
p. 34.

35
P. J. P. Goldberg, ‘Household
and the Organization of Labour in Late Medieval Towns: Some English Evidence’,
in Carlier and Soens,
Household in Late Medieval Cities
, p. 65.

36
For discussion, see Martha C. Howell,
Commerce before Capitalism in Europe, 1300–1600
(Cambridge, 2010), pp.
104–7.

37
Ibid., p. 94.

38
Samuel K. Cohn Jr, ‘Two
Pictures of Family Ideology Taken from the Dead in post-Plague Flanders and
Tuscany’, in Carlier and Soens,
Household in Late Medieval Cities
,
pp. 170–73.

39
Kittell, ‘Guardianship over
Women’, p. 911.

40
Ramon A. Klitzike, ‘Historical
Background of the English Patent Law’,
Journal of the Patent Office
41, 9 (1959), pp. 622–3.

41
James S. Amelang,
The Flight of
Icarus: Artisan Autobiography in Early Modern Europe
(Stanford, 1998), p.
294 for Gross.

42
Stephan R. Epstein, ‘Labour
Mobility, Journeymen Organisations and Markets in Skilled Labour in Europe 14th–18th
Centuries’, in Mathieu Arnoux and Pierre Monnet (eds.),
Le Technicien dans
la cité en Europe Occidentale 1250–1650
(Rome, 2004), pp. 251–67.

43
Richard L. Hills,
Power From
Wind: A History of Windmill Technology
(Cambridge, 1996), pp. 36–9.

44
Karel Davids, ‘Innovations in
Windmill Technology in Europe c1500–1800’,
NEHA Jaarboek
66 (2003),
pp. 47–51.

45
De Moor and Van Zanden, ‘Girl
Power’, pp. 23–4.

46
John W. Baldwin, ‘Consent and
the Marital Debt’, in Angeliki E. Laiou (ed.),
Consent and Coercion to Sex
and Marriage in Ancient and Medieval Societies
(Washington, 1993), p. 266
for Héloïse; p. 262 for orgasm; p. 269 for Aristotle; p. 263 for Ovid.

47
The text of
‘Eleanor’s’ examination is in Ruth Mazo Karras and David Lorenzo
Boyd, ‘“Ut cum muliere”
:
A Male Transvestite Prostitute
in Fourteenth-Century London’, in Louise O. Fradenburg and Celia Freccero
(eds.),
Premodern Sexualities
(New York, 1996), pp. 111–12.

48
Amt,
Women’s Lives
,
pp. 211–22.

49
James A. Brundage,
‘Prostitution in the Medieval Canon Law’,
Signs
1, 4 (1976),
esp. p. 841; Amt,
Women’s Lives
, pp. 210–13; Bjorn Bandlien,
‘Sexuality and Early Church
Laws’, in Per Andersen, Mia Münster-Swendsen and Helle Vogt (eds.),
Law
and Private Life in the Middle Ages
(Copenhagen, 2011), p. 200.

50
Grossman,
Pious and
Rebellious
, p. 134.

51
See the miniature in Valère Maxime,
Faits et dits mémorables
(1475), reproduced in André Vandewalle (ed.),
Les Marchands de la Hanse et la banque des Médicis
(Oostkamp, 2002), p.
88.

52
Malcolm Letts,
Pero Tafur:
Travels and Adventures 1435–1439
(London, 1926) p. 199 for bathing; p. 200
for girls; Malcolm Letts,
The Travels of Leo of Rozmital through Germany,
Flanders, England, France, Spain, Portugal and Italy 1465–1467
(Cambridge,
1957), p. 31; Murray,
Bruges
, pp. 340–43.

53
Henry Ansgar Kelly, ‘Bishop,
Prioress, and Bawd in the Stews of Southwark’,
Speculum
75, 2 (2000),
passim.

54
Judith M. Bennett, ‘Writing
Fornication: Medieval Leywrite and Its Historians’,
Transactions of the
Royal Historical Society
6, 13 (2003), pp. 146, 147, 155.

55
Benjamin B. Roberts and Leendert F.
Groenendijk, ‘“Wearing out a pair of fool’s shoes”: Sexual
Advice for Youth in Holland’s Golden Age’,
Journal of the History of
Sexuality
13, 2 (2004), p. 145.

56
Etienne van de Walle,
‘“Marvellous secrets”: Birth Control in European Short Fiction
1150–1650’,
Population Studies
54, 3 (2000), pp. 325, 323.

57
Augustus Borgnet (ed.),
B Alberti
Magni Opera Omnia
, vol 5:
De mineralibus
, book II, tract II
(Paris, 1890), p. 39b for jasper; pp. 42b–43a for oristes.

58
John M. Riddle,
Contraception and
Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance
(Cambridge, Mass.,
1992), p. 104 for monastic recipes; p. 111 for pseudo-Bede; pp. 114–15 for Bishop of
Rennes; pp. 116–17 for Hildegard.

59
Jean-Louis Flandrin,
‘Contraception, mariage et relations amoureuses dans l’Occident
chrétien’,
Annales, Histoire, Sciences Sociales
24, 6 (1969), esp.
pp. 1374–5; pp. 1386–7 for Sanchez.

1
Samuel K. Cohn Jr, ‘Epidemiology
of the Black Death and Successive Waves of Plague’, in Vivian Nutton (ed.),
Medical History Supplement
27
(London, 2008),
Pestilential
Complexities: Understanding Medieval Plague
, pp. 79, 81, 83, 89.

2
Friedrich W. Brie (ed.),
The Brut
or the Chronicles of England
(London, 1906), ch. 228, pp. 301–3.

3
Georges Vigarello,
Histoire des
pratiques de santé
(Paris, 1999), pp. 51–4.

4
Henri H. Mollaret, ‘Les Grands
Fléaux’, in Mirko D. Grmek (ed.),
Histoire de la pensée medicale en
Occident
, vol. 2:
De la Renaissance aux lumières
(Paris, 1997), p.
256.

5
Adolf Hofmeister (ed.),
Die Chronik
des Mathias von Neuenburg
(Berlin 1924–40), chs. 114–17; p. 263 for ships;
p. 265 for blaming the Jews; p. 270 for flagellants.

6
See Timothy R. Tangherlini,
‘Ships, Fogs and Travelling Pairs: Plague Legend Migration in
Scandinavia’,
Journal of American Folklore
101, 400 (1988), pp.
176ff.

7
Daniel Antoine, ‘The Archaeology
of “Plague”’, in Nutton,
Pestilential Complexities
, pp.
101ff.

8
Quoted in Andrew Wear,
Knowledge
and Practice in English Medicine 1550–1680
(Cambridge, 2000), p. 196.

9
Michael McCormick, ‘Rats,
Communications and Plague: Toward an Ecological History’,
Journal of
Interdisciplinary History
34, 1 (2003), p. 23 for repopulation; p. 22 for
predators.

10
Rosemary Horrox (tr. and ed.),
The Black Death
(Manchester, 1994), p. 170, from Bodleian MS Digby 176,
folios 26–9.

11
Ann G. Carmichael, ‘Universal
and Particular: The Language of Plague 1348–1500’, in Nutton,
Pestilential
Complexities
, pp. 17–52.

12
Christiane Nockels Fabbri,
‘Treating Medieval Plague: The Wonderful Virtues of Theriac’,
Early
Science and Medicine
12, 3 (2007), pp. 247ff.

13
William Chester Jordan,
The Great
Famine
(Princeton, 1996), pp. 148–51.

14
Bruce M. S. Campbell, ‘Ecology
v. Economics in Late Thirteenth- and Early Fourteenth-Century English
Agriculture’, in Del Sweeney (ed.),
Agriculture in the Middle Ages:
Technology, Practice and Representation
(Philadelphia, 1995), pp. 76–7.

15
Jane Welch Williams, ‘The New
Image of Peasants in Thirteenth-Century French Stained Glass’, and Bridget Ann
Henisch, ‘Farm
Work in the
Medieval Calendar Tradition’, in Sweeney,
Agriculture in the Middle
Ages
, p. 299 for glass; pp. 310–16 for attitudes to work.

16
A. V. C. Schmidt (ed. and tr.),
William Langland: Piers Plowman
(Oxford, 1992), pp. 67–74.

17
Judith M. Bennett, ‘Compulsory
Service in Late Medieval England’,
Past and Present
209 (2010), pp.
7ff., is the basis of my story here; cf. Samuel Cohn, ‘After the Black Death:
Labour Legislation and Attitudes towards Labour in Late Medieval Western
Europe’,
Economic History Review
60, 3 (2007), pp. 457ff., and John
Hatcher, ‘England in the Aftermath of the Black Death’,
Past and
Present
144 (1994), pp. 3ff.

18
In Ole Peter Grell and Andrew
Cunningham (eds.),
Health Care and Poor Relief in Protestant Europe
1500–1700
(London, 1997), see Thomas Riis on ‘Poor Relief and Health
Care Provision in Sixteenth Century Denmark’; Hugo Soly on ‘Continuity
and Change: Attitudes towards Poor Relief and Health Care in Early Modern
Antwerp’; Robert Jütte on ‘Health Care Provision and Poor Relief in
Early Modern Hanseatic Towns: Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck’; and Paul Slack on
‘Hospitals, Workhouses and the Relief of the Poor in Early Modern
London’.

19
Charles F. Mullett, ‘Plague
Policy in Scotland 16th–17th Centuries’,
Osiris
9 (1950), pp.
436–44.

20
John Booker,
Maritime Quarantine
– the British Experience c1650–1900
(Aldershot, 2007), pp. 17–18.

21
Paul Slack, ‘The Response to
Plague in Early Modern England: Public Policies and Their Consequences’, in
John Walter and Roger Schofield (eds.),
Famine, Disease and the Social Order in
Early Modern Society
(Cambridge, 1989), pp. 168–77.

22
Booker,
Maritime Quarantine
,
pp. 1–4; John Warrington (ed.),
Diary of Samuel Pepys
(London, 1953), vol.
I, entry for 26 November 1663, p. 461.

23
Barbara E. Crawford, ‘North Sea
Kingdoms, North Sea Bureaucrat: A Royal Official Who Transcended National
Boundaries’,
Scottish Historical Review
69, 188 (1990), pp.
175ff.

24
Henry S. Lucas, ‘John Crabbe:
Flemish Pirate, Merchant and Adventurer’,
Speculum
20, 3 (1945), pp.
334ff.

25
Andrew R. Little, ‘British
Seamen in the United Provinces during the Seventeenth Century Anglo-Dutch Wars: The
Dutch Navy, a Preliminary Survey’, in Hanno Brand (ed.),
Trade, Diplomacy
and Cultural Exchange: Continuity and Change in the North Sea Area and the
Baltic c1350–1750
(Hilversum, 2005), pp. 78, 79, 81, 85.

26
Ibid., p. 88.

27
Warrington,
Diary of Samuel
Pepys
, vol. I, entry for 14 June 1667, pp. 485–6.

28
S. C. Lomas (ed.),
Memoirs of Sir
George Courthop
(London, 1907), pp. 109–10 for Geneva; p. 132 for
Malta.

29
H. C. Fanshawe (ed.),
The Memoirs
of Ann Lady Fanshawe
(London, 1907), pp. 87–90; p. 31 for son’s
name.

30
Antoni Mączak,
Travel in
Early Modern Europe
(Cambridge, 1995), pp. 112–15.

1
Paul Murray Kendall and Vincent Ilardi,
Dispatches with Related Documents of Milanese Ambassadors in France and
Burgundy 1450–1483
(Athens, 1971), vol. 2, pp. 200–201.

2
Bernard Aikema, ‘Netherlandish
Painting and Early Renaissance Italy: Artistic Rapports in a Historiographical
Perspective’, in Herman Roodenburg (ed.),
Forging European Identities
1400–1700
(Cambridge, 2007), pp. 110–20.

3
The Virgin and Child with Saints and Donors
(
The Donne Triptych
)
in the National Gallery, London.

4
Marina Belozerskaya,
Rethinking the
Renaissance: Burgundian Arts across Europe
(Cambridge, 2002), passim, but
p. 132 for music.

5
Malcolm Letts (ed. and tr.),
The
Travels of Leo of Rozmital through Germany, Flanders, England, France, Spain,
Portugal and Italy 1465–1467
(Cambridge, 1957), p. 54 for hair; pp. 1–2 for
biography; p. 23 for nuns; p. 27 for dishes; p. 28 for zoo and treasury; p. 37 for
drunk; p. 36 for wrestling; pp. 29, 35 for candlelight.

6
Margit Thøfner,
A Common Art: Urban
Ceremonial in Antwerp and Brussels during and after the Dutch Revolt
(Zwolle, 2007), pp. 13–17.

7
Gilles de Bouvier dit Berry (ed. E. T.
Hamy),
Le Livre de la description des pays
(Paris, 1908), p. 47 for
Flanders; p. 106 for Holland.

8
Malcolm Letts,
Pero Tafur: Travels
and Adventures 1435–1439
(London, 1926), p. 200 for ‘oranges’,
‘famine’; p. 198 for Bruges; p. 203 for Antwerp.

9
Raymond van Uytven, ‘Les Autres
Marchandises à Bruges’, in André Vandewalle (ed.),
Les Marchands de la
Hanse et la banque des Médicis
(Oostkamp, 2002), p. 73.

10
Giovanna Petti Balbi, ‘Bruges,
port des Italiens’, in Vandewalle,
Marchands de la Hanse
, pp.
58ff.

11
Alastair Hamilton,
Arab Culture
and Ottoman Magnificence in Antwerp’s Golden Age
(London and Oxford,
2001), pp. 9, 26.

12
Letts,
Pero Tafur
, p. 194
for ‘majesty’; p. 199 for ‘gallows’.

13
Kendall and Ilardi,
Dispatches
with Related Documents
, vol. 2, pp. 228–9 for ‘dishes’; pp.
348ff. for ceremonies; p. 394 for organization.

14
Robert Peterson (tr.),
Giovanni
Botero: A Treatise Concerning the Causes of the Magnificence and Greatness of
Cities
(London, 1606), p. 51;
Delle cause della grandezza e
magnificenza delle città
appeared in Italian in 1588.