The Essential Book of Fermentation (51 page)

Turnbaugh, P. J.,
et al.
“A Core Gut Microbiome in Obese and Lean Twins.”
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457 (January 22, 2009): 480–84.

Turnbaugh, P. J., R. E. Ley, M. Hamady, C. M. Fraser-Liggett, R. Knight, and J. I. Gordon. “The Human Microbiome Project.”
Nature
449 (October 18, 2007): 804–10.

Turnbaugh, P. J., R. E. Ley, M. A. Mahowald, V. Magrini, E. R. Mardis, and J. I. Gordon. “An Obesity-Associated Gut Microbiome with Increased Capacity for Energy Harvest.”
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Index

The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.

Abbey Farm, 105

Acetobacter
, 89, 154, 224, 262, 268

acetylcholine, 26

Acme Bread Company, 72, 85

adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 16–17, 18–19

agribusiness

displacement of small family farms, 106–7, 110

lobby for pasteurization of milk, 113

standardization of product, 95–96, 107–8, 114, 117

use of bovine growth hormone, 109–10

vineyard management, 134

Agricultural Testament, An
(Howard), 4–5

alcohol

conversion to vinegar, 155, 224, 262

genetic engineering for alcohol content of wine, 151–52

hydrometer measurement, 155

in kombucha, 262, 263

in municipal landfill scheme, 13–14

in natural bread starters, 73, 98, 224

in retronasal appreciation of wine, 136–37

sweetness of wine and, 21

toxicity to yeast, 148, 150

Almeida, Dr. Antonio de, 116

alreographe de Choplin,
93

Amaral, Jim, 79–80

Amazake, Homemade, 246–47

American Cheese Society, 112

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
54

Amy’s Bread, 81–82, 233

anthocyanins, 135

antibiotics

antibacterial personal products, xvi, 11, 18, 43, 50

antibiotic-resistant bacteria, 11, 26, 34, 109

autism in countries routinely treating farm animals with, 57

avoidance of, 28

bacteriocins as natural antibiotics, 25–26

damage to intestinal flora, xiv, 42–43

decrease in beneficial stomach bacteria, 42

discovery of, coincidental with epidemic of gut abnormalities, 57

in industrial dairy production, 109

intestinal salmonella colonization and, 26

natural, in tempeh, 248

overuse of, xiv, 26, 27–28, 34

restoration of natural enterotype as alternative to, 50

resultant vulnerability of gut to pathogens, 26, 34, 43

antidepressant function of intestinal bacterium, 60

antioxidants, xv, 145–46, 164

anxiety and stress-related behaviors, 41–42, 53–54

Apple Ginger Soda, Monica Ford’s, 257–58

Apples, Maple Poached, with Savory Cheddar Polenta, 191–92

Apples and Kraut, German, 217–18

Argentiera-Style Ragusano, 187–88

Arrowhead Mills, 91

Artisanal (restaurant), 108

ascorbic acid (vitamin C), xv, 21, 91, 215

ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 16–17, 18–19

autism

in countries routinely treating farm animals with antibiotics, 57

leaky gut syndrome and, 29

maternal immune dysregulation and, 55–57

role of gut bacteria in brain disorders, 54

autoimmune diseases, xvi, 29, 55–57

babies and children

acquisition of mother’s microbes during birth process, 17, 45, 56, 57, 62

autism among children of mothers with immune dysregulation, 55–57

breast-feeding and development of healthy gut bacteria, 58, 62–63

development of gut enterotype, 49

fetal exposure to toxin, GMO soybeans and, 37–38

first intestinal flora, maternal diet and, 62–63

problems linked to C-sections, 45–46

Bacillus subtilis,
36, 251, 252

bacteria.
See
microbes bacterial signaling, 42

bacteriocins

in cheesemaking, 26, 122

in kimchi, 199

as natural antibiotics, 25–26

production by intestinal flora, 28, 35, 58

in winemaking, 152

Bacteroides fragilis,
41

Bastianich, Lidia Matticchio, 130

bean and seed ferments

amazake drink, 247

amazake sweetener, 248

Homemade Amazake, 246–47

Homemade Miso, 241–45

Marinade for Grilled Beef, 245–46

Marinade for Tempeh, 250

Miso Salad Dressing or Asian Marinade for Chicken, 245

Miso-Seasoned Butter, 246

Natto, 250–53

Tempeh, 248–49

beermaking, 259–62

behavior, impact of intestinal flora on, 41–42

Bellwether Farms

artisan cheesemaking, 122–28

sheep milking, 119–22

beverages

amazake drink, 247

Coconut Milk Kefir, 170–71

fizzy water kefir, 255

Ginger Beer Water Kefir, 256–57

Grape Juice Kefir, 258–59

homemade wine, 272–76

Jun, 269–71

kefir flavoring options, 23, 255–56, 259

kombucha, 262–69

milk kefir, 165–67

Monica Ford’s Apple Ginger Soda, 257–58

water kefir, 254–56

Well-Hopped Ale, 259–62

biome, human.
See
human microbiome biotin (vitamin B
₇
), 21, 49

birth process, intestinal microbes acquired during, 17, 45, 56, 57, 62

Bisson, Linda, 149, 150–51, 152

blintzes, 185

Blue, Emma, 269–70

Blue Cheese Meatballs, 188–89

Boisset, Jean-Charles, 141

Borealis Breads, 79–80

Bork, Dr. Peer, 49–50

Bottom, Tim, 96

Boudin Bakery, 223

Bovine Bakery, 97–98

bovine growth hormone, genetically engineered (rBGH), 109–10

bowel peristalsis, 22–23, 26

Brady, Nyle, ix, x

brain

antidepressant function of
Mycobacterium vaccae,
60

autism, 55–57

communication with intestine through vagus nerve, 53–54

mood, 58, 60

nightmares, 59–60

psychiatric disorders, 54, 55, 60

stress-related behaviors and disorders, 41–42, 53–54

bread and breadmaking.
See also
flour;
specific bakeries; specific bakers

artisanal process, 83–88

European-style breads, 72

gluten development, 80–81, 89, 91, 93

natural starter, 73, 85–86, 88–90, 223–25, 226

no-knead technique, 94

organic bakeries in Northern California, 94–96

organic bread movement, 72, 73–74

sourdough, 73, 86, 88–89

terroir,
73, 79, 85, 199, 223

Bread Builders, The
(Scott), 84

breads, homemade

Bread Starter, 223–25

Easy Homemade Bread, 232–33

equipment, 225, 227

flavor variations, 231

Injera, 239–40

Kefir Starter for a Sour Loaf, 235–36

Pizza Dough, 237

process, 227–31

Rustic Whole Wheat Bread, 233–35

starter from fruit, 226

breast-feeding, development of intestinal flora and, 58, 62–63

Brett
(Brettanomyces intermedius),
150

Brickery, 96

British Medical Journal’s Archives of Disease in Childhood,
45

Bt
(Bacillus thuringiensis),
33–34, 38, 153

Buona Forchetta Hand Made Breads, 93–94

Burrell, Peter, 259–60

Butter, Cultured, 171–73

Butter, Miso-Seasoned, 246

butterfat content of milk, 171–72

Butternut Squash and Carrot Kraut, MamaKai’s, 211–12