The First American Army (58 page)

Chapter Ten

1
. Isaac Senter,
The Journal of Isaac Senter, Physician and Surgeon to the Troops Detached from the American Army Encamped at Cambridge, Mass., on a Secret Expedition Against Quebec under the Command of Col. Benedict Arnold, in September, 1775,
Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1846,; reprinted by New York Times Books-Arno Press, 1969, pp. 38–39.

2
. Codman,
Arnold’s Expedition to Quebec,
p. 285.

3
. Elizabeth Fenn,
Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775–82,
New York: Hill and Wang, 2001, pp. 62–68.

4
. Arnold’s general orders, March 26, 1776, in Doyen Salsig, ed.,
Parole: Quebec; Countersign: Ticonderoga; Second New Jersey Regimental Orderly Book, 1776,
Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1980, pp. 55–56.

5
. Fenn,
Pox Americana,
p. 113.

6
.
Smallpox in Colonial America,
New York: New York Times-Arno Press, 1977, section four; Larry Gerlach, “Smallpox Inoculations in Colonial New Jersey,” in
The Journal of the Rutgers University Library,
December, 1967, pp. 21–28.

7
. Dan Barber,
History of My Own Times,
p. 25.

8
. Fenn, pp. 68–72.

9
. Lemuel Roberts,
Memoirs of Captain Lemuel Roberts, Containing Adventures in Youth, Vicissitudes Experienced as a Continental Soldier, His Sufferings as a Prisoner and Escapes from Captivity With Suitable Reflections on the Changes of Life,
Bennington: Anthony Haswell, 1809; reprinted by New York Times-Arno Books, 1969, p. 34.

10
. Lewis Beebe, “Journal of a Physician on the Expedition Against Canada,”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,
Vol. LIX, No. 4, October, 1935, p. 328.

11
. J. J. Henry,
Arnold’s Campaign Against Canada,
Albany, Joel Munsell, 1877, pp. 134–139.

12
. James Gibson,
Dr. Bodo Otto and the Medical Background of the American Revolution,
Springfield, Ill.: Charles Thomas, 1937, pp. 96–97.

13
. Frye Bayley,
Colonel Frye Bayley’s Reminiscences,
Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society, 1923– 1925, P. H. Gobe Press, 1926, pp. 34–35.

Chapter Eleven

1
. Roberts,
March to Quebec,
p. 26.

2
. Jonathan Trumbull to George Washington, July 9, 1776, quoted in Gibson,
Dr. Bodo Otto and the Medical Background of the American Revolution,
p. 99–100.

Chapter Twelve

1
. W. Edmund Claussen,
Patriots of the American Revolution,
Boyertown, PA: W. Claussen, 1975, p. 73.

2
. “John Henry’s Journal,” “James Melvin’s Journal,” in Roberts,
March to Quebec,
p. 443–444.

3
. July 21, 1776, note,
Diary of Matthew Patten of Bedford, NH,
Concord, NH: 1903, frame 1039.

4
. Benedict Arnold to Phillip Schuyler, October 12, 1776, Peter Force,
American Archives,
5th Series, III: 253–254.

Chapter Thirteen

1
. Dwyer,
The Day Is Ours,
pp. 152, 213.

2
. Louise Rau, ed., “John Smith’s Diary of 1776,”
Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
XX, 1933–1934, pp. 247–270.

3
. Jared Lobdell, ed., “Revolutionary War Journal of Sgt. Thomas McCarty,”
Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society,
No. 316, January, 1964, pp. 36–43.

4
. Powell, “A Connecticut Soldier under Washington: Elisha Bostwick’s Memoirs of the First Years of the Revolution,”
William and Mary Quarterly,
pp. 94–107.

5
. Dwyer, p. 243.

6
. Richard Ketchum,
The Winter Soldiers,
Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1973.

7
. William Stryker,
The Battles of Trenton and Princeton,
Boston: Houghton and Mifflin Company, 1898, p. 133.

8
. Theodore Thayer,
Nathanael Greene: Strategist of the American Revolution,
New York: Twayne Publishers, 1960, pp. 140–143.

9
. David Ludlum, “The Weather of Independence: Trenton and Princeton,” in
Weatherwise
(August, 1975), 75–83.

10
. Christopher Ward,
The War of the Revolution,
2 vols, New York: MacMillan, 1952, I: 295.

11
. Samuel Smith,
The Battle of Trenton,
Monmouth Beach, NJ: Philip Freneau Press, 1965.

12
. Richard Hansen,
The Glorious Hour of Lieutenant Monroe,
New York: Athenaeum, 1976, p. 153.

13
. Sgt. Joseph White memoir, “The Good Soldier White,”
American Heritage,
June 1956, pp. 74–79.

14
. James Flexner,
George Washington in the American Revolution,
Boston: Little Brown, Co., pp. 176–179;
Pennsylvania Journal,
July 9, 1777.

15
. John Polhemus narrative, Leach Collection, Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

16
. James Wilkinson,
Memoirs of My Time,
3 vols., Philadelphia: Abraham Small, 1816, I: 131.

17
. GW to John Cadwalader, Dec. 27, 1776, GWW VI: 446.

18
. White, 77.

19
. Powell, “A Connecticut Soldier Under Washington: Elisha Bostwick’s Memoirs of the First Years of the Revolution,” 102.

20
. Dwyer, p. 293.

21
. Rau,
Mississippi Valley Historical Review,
p. 269.

Chapter Fourteen

1
. Ward,
The War of the Revolution,
I: 310.

2
. Quincy,
The Journals of Major Samuel Shaw, The First American Consul at Canton,
pp. 30–33.

3
. Dwyer,
The Day Is Ours,
p. 325.

4
. Dwyer, p. 333.

5
. Catherine Williams
, Biographies of Revolutionary Heroes, containing the life of General William Barton and also of Captain Stephen Olney,
Providence: Catherine Williams, 1839, p. 196.

6
. William Thompson to Leven Powell, January 10, 177, Dodd,
John Branch Historical Papers of Randolph-Macon College,
pp. 120–121.

7
. Wilkinson,
Memoir of My Time,
I: 138.

8
. Richard Wheeler,
Voices of 1776,
New York: Crowell, 1972, pp. 183–185; Dwyer,
The Day is Ours,
White Diary, Williams, Olney Memoir.

9
. George McIntosh to John Muir, January 5, 1777, Dodd, pp. 119–120.

10
. Horace Wells Sellers, “Charles Wilson Peale, Artist—Soldier,”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,
v. 38, 1914, p. 280.

11
. Thomas Rodney,
Diary of Captain Thomas Rodney, 1776–1777,
Wilmington, DE: Historical Society of Delaware, 1888, p. 35.

12
. Powell,
William and Mary Quarterly,
p. 105.

13
. Dr. David Griffith to Leven Powell, Dec. 27, 1776, Dodd,
Branch Historical Papers
, pp. 46–47.

14
.
Freeman’s Journal,
January 21, 1777.

Chapter Fifteen

1
. Boatner, p. 654.

2
. Colonel Jonathan Fitch to Governor Trumbull, August 13, 1776, in Force,
American Archives V,
I:938.

3
. GW to John Hancock, January 31, 1777, GWW VII:80–81.

4
. GW to Joseph Reed, November 28, 1775, GWW IV: 124–125.

5
. GW to Major General Philomon Dickinson, January 21, 1777, GWW VII: 45–46.

6
. Nathanael Greene to a friend, January 4, 1776, Richard Showman, Ed.,
The Papers of Nathanael Greene,
12 vols., Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Rhode Island Historical Society, 1976, hereafter cited as GREENE, I: 126–127.

7
. Littell, ed.,
Alexander Graydon, Memoir of His Own Time, with Reminiscences of the Men and Events of the Revolution,
p. 147.

Chapter Sixteen

1
. Powell,
William and Mary Quarterly,
p. 100.

2
. Hugh Rankin, Ed., “Abilgence Waldo Diary,”
Narratives of the American Revolution, as Told by a Young Soldier, a Home-Sick Surgeon, a French Volunteer, and a German General’s Wife,
Chicago: R.R. Donnelly and Son Company, 1976, p. 173.

3
. Jabez Fitch Diary,
Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, 1894–1895,
2d series, vol. 9, pp. 53–61.

4
. Jabez Fitch Diary, p. 53.

5
. Almon Lauber, ed.,
Orderly Books of the Fourth New York Regiment, 1778–1780, the 2d New York Regiment, 1780–1783, with Diaries of Samuel Tallmadge and John Barr, 1779–1782,
Albany, University of the State of New York, 1932, p. 633.

6
. Scheer,
Yankee Doodle,
p. 123.

7
. General orders, Aug. 22, 1775, GWW III: 444.

8
. William Henshaw,
Orderly Books . . . October 1, 1775, through October 3,1776,
Worcester: Mass., 1948., p. 131.

9
. Diary of Lt. Walter Finney, Chester County Historical Society.

10
. Walter Hart Blumenthal,
Women Camp Followers of the American Revolution,
New York: Arno Press, 1974, p. 187–188.

11
. Loammi Baldwin to his wife, June 17, 1776, Baldwin Papers, Harvard College Library, quoted in Douglas Southall Freeman,
George Washington: A Biography,
New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1952, 7 vols., IV, p. 85.

12
. Blumenthal,
Women Camp Followers of the American Revolution,
pp. 225–226.

13
. Rebecca Symmes, ed
., A Citizen Soldier in the American Revolution: The Diary of Benjamin Gilbert in Massachusetts and New York,
Cooperstown, NY: New York State Historical Association, 1980, p. 30.

14
. Symmes, p. 33.

15
. Blumenthal, p. 59.

16
. General Orders, GWW, IX: 129:30.

17
. Blumenthal, p. 86; John Hyde Preston,
Revolution, 1776,
New York, 1933, p. 170.

18
. Wheeler,
The Life and Writings of Tom Paine,
I: 90.

Chapter Seventeen

1
. Bayard Tucherman,
The Life of General Philip Schuyler, 1733–1809,
New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1903, pp. 230–234.

2
. Max M. Mintz,
The Generals of Saratoga: Horatio Gates and John Burgoyne,
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990, p. 181.

3
. Entry of November 25, 1777, Walter Finney Diary, Chester County Historical Society, West Chester, Pa., p. 20.

4
. Return Meigs, “Journal of Return J. Meigs,” in Roberts,
March to Quebec,
p. 181.

5
. Robert Parker, “Journal of Lieutenant Robert Parker,”
Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,
v. 28, 1904, p. 15.

6
. M. M. Quaife, “A Boy Soldier under Washington: The Memoir of Dan Granger,” p. 555.

7
. Quaife, “Boy Soldier,” p. 555.

8
. John Burgoyne to George Germain, Aug. 20, 1777, in John Burgoyne,
The Remembrancer,
1777, p. XXV.

9
. Paul Nelson,
General Horatio Gates: A Biography,
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1976, pp. 114–115.

10
. John Elting,
The Battle of Saratoga,
Monmouth Beach, NJ: Philip Freneau Press, 1977, p. 51.

11
. Samuel Patterson,
Horatio Gates, Defender of American Liberties,
New York: Columbia University Press, 1941, pp. 150–153.

12
. James Flexner,
The Traitor and the Spy: Benedict Arnold and John Andre,
New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1957, pp. 170–173.

13
. Boatner, p. 974.

14
. John Glover to J. Glover and A. Orne, September 21, 1777, in Essex Inst., Hist. Coll. V, June, 1863, pp. 101–102.

15
. James Baxter, ed., William Digby,
The British Invasion from the North,
Albany, 1887, p. 274.

16
. John Elting,
The Battle of Saratoga,
p. 35.

17
. Quaife, p. 544.

18
. Horatio Gates to John Burgoyne, September 2, 1777, Papers of Horatio Gates, in Mintz, p. 182.

19
. Randall,
Benedict Arnold,
pp. 368–361.

20
. From Samuel Downing’s pension statement, in Bolton, p. 244; Wakefield in Reuben Aldridge Guild,
Chaplain Smith and the Baptists: or Life, Journals and Addresses of the Rev. Hezekiah Smith, D.D., of Haverhill, Mass., 1737–1805,
Philadelphia: American Baptist Society, 1885, p. 213.

21
. William L. Stone, trans
., Friederich Riedesel, Letters and Journals Relating to the War of the American Revolution,
Albany, 1867, pp. 125–127.

22
. Thacher,
Military Journal of the American Revolution
, pp. 112–114.

23
. Rupert Furneaux,
The Battle of Saratoga,
New York: Stein and Day, 1971, p. 268.

24
. Boston celebration in
Boston Gazette,
November 1, 1777; Sir Edwin Creasy,
The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World,
London, 1851.

25
. Thacher, pp. 109–110.

Chapter Nineteen

1
. Major Richard Platt to General Alexander McDougall, Dec. 29, 1777, Lee Boyle,
Writings from the Valley Forge Encampment of the Continental Army, December 29, 1777—June 19, 1778,
II: 9–11.

2
. GW to Congress, October 13, 1777, Philander Chase, ed.,
Papers of George Washington,
45 vols. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, Revolutionary War Series, II: 497–501; GW to Thomas Nelson, November 11, 1777, GWW X: 27.