The First Ladies of Rome: The Women Behind the Caesars (80 page)

Justina, 278, 279–80, 281, 282, 284

Justinian, 313

Justus, 162

Juvenal, 127, 128, 134, 172, 173, 179, 183

Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, 93

Lactantius, 257

Laeta, 286

Laetus, 222

Laocoön, 1

laurel, 32–3, 47

Leake, Colonel William, 263

leges Iuliae
(Julian laws), 67–8, 76, 168, 177

Leo I, emperor, 313

Leo I, Pope, 309–10

Leontius, 299

Lepcis Magna, 98, 99, 115, 134, 219, 231, 232, 237

Lepidus (Marcus Lepidus; triumvir), 11–12, 19, 23, 34, 37

Lepidus (Marcus Lepidus; Drusilla’s ex-husband), 124

Lesbos, 66, 104, 203

Lex Voconia
, 89, 177

Liarus, 95

Libanius, 296

Libya, 245

Licinia Eudoxia, 300, 302, 305, 306, 308, 313

Licinius, 257, 258, 262, 265

Lincoln, Mary, 8

Lipari, 233, 238

Livia

contrasting views about, 6

life prior to her marriage to Octavian (later Augustus), 11, 12–13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18–19, 22, 23, 25

marries Octavian, 26–8

and social events, 30, 31

house at Prima Porta, 31–3

and laurel, 32–3, 47

public image as wife of Augustus, 37–9, 40, 48–9, 50

honours granted to, 38–9

portraits, 40, 73, 92–3

Cleopatra seeks goodwill of, 44

receives no official title when Augustus comes to power, 45–6

and house on the Palatine, 47–8

lifestyle, 48–9, 50

staff, 49–50, 65

accompanies Augustus on tour of empire, 53–5

role, 54–6, 57–8, 74

marital relationship, 56–7

marriage with Augustus remains childless, 58

and death of Marcellus, 61–2

medical recipes, 62–3

relationship with Octavia, 63

and success of her sons, 75

and death of Drusus, 75–6

statues in recognition of her contribution as mother, 76

and public building projects in Rome, 76–8

and decision of Tiberius to withdraw to Rhodes, 78

and Tiberius’s return to Rome, 82

accompanies Augustus on his last journey, 83

and death of Augustus, 84–5

and will of Augustus, 88–9

role and prominence in reign of Tiberius, 88–94, 108

supervision of children’s upbringing, 95–6

letter from Augustus concerning Claudius, 96–7

and Claudius, 97, 98

relationship with Agrippina Maior, 104

friendship with Salome, 104–5

friendship with Urgulania, 105

and Plancina, 106, 107, 108, 117

and funeral of Germanicus, 109

deteriorating relationship with Tiberius, 88, 110–12

death and funeral, 113–14

deification vetoed by Tiberius, 114

continuing importance of, 114–15

fate of Agrippina after death of, 115–16

Tiberius’s reign worsens after death of, 117

deification, 115, 125

Claudius grants honours to, 125

brief references, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 35, 41, 60, 70, 80, 81, 87, 99, 127, 137, 138, 142, 144, 146, 165, 166, 170, 173, 176, 178, 189, 191, 193, 196, 198, 214, 218, 225, 232, 236, 238, 245, 249, 253, 268, 277, 279, 282, 286, 298, 308, 314

Livia Orestilla, 123

Livian family, 13, 28

Livilla, 75, 83, 94, 97, 100, 104, 109–10, 117–18, 120, 159, 311

Lochias, 50

Locusta, 142, 147

Lollia Paulina, 123, 131, 136, 141, 173

Lollia Saturnina, 131

London, 315

National Gallery, 271

Louis XIV, King, 158

Lucilla, 211, 212, 213, 215

Lucius (brother of Mark Antony), 19, 22, 36

Lucius (son of Julia), 66, 72–3, 74, 78, 82, 83

Lucius Aelius Lamia, 170

Lucius Aelius Sejanus
see
Sejanus

Lucius Calpurnius Piso, 105

Lucius Verus (Lucius Ceionius Commodus, later Lucius Aurelius Commodus), 204, 206, 210–11, 212, 213, 214

Lucretia, 20, 21, 22, 40, 46, 240, 259

Lucrine Lake, 31

Macarius, Bishop of Jerusalem, 269

Macaulay, Catherine, 29

Macellum Liviae, 77

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 188

Macrinus (Opellius Macrinus), 239–40, 241, 242, 246

Macro, 160

Macrobius:
Saturnalia
, 69, 70, 79

Maecenas, 57, 64, 69

Maesa (Julia Maesa), 217, 220, 227, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 280

Magnentius (Magnus Magnentius), 277, 278, 279

Magnus Maximus, 283–4

Mai, Angelo, 207

Malalas, John, 299

Mamaea (Julia Mamaea), 217, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 249, 280

Mancini, Marie, 158

Mankiewicz, Joseph L., 35

Marcellus (Octavia’s son), 51, 58, 60–2, 63, 73, 84, 94, 97, 109

Marcellus (senator), 174

Marcellus (Gaius Claudius Marcellus), 24, 58

Marcia, 215, 222

Marcia Furnilla, 171

Marcian, 308–9, 311

Marciana (Ulpia Marciana), 192–3, 194, 195

Marcomanni, 213

Marcus Aurelius

birth and childhood, 206

adopted by Antoninus Pius, 204, 206

Faustina betrothed to, 206

takes up residence on the Palatine, 207

correspondence with Fronto, 207, 208, 209, 212, 214

relationship with his mother Domitia Lucilla, 207

marries Faustina, 208

birth of children, 208–9, 212

honours adoptive parents, 210

becomes co-emperor with Lucius Verus, 210–11

reign of, 211–12, 213

and Lucilla’s marriages, 212, 213

and Faustina’s death, 214, 263

death, 214

Meditatations
, 208, 210

Septimius Severus strives to link himself with, 224–5

brief references, 2, 97, 113, 188, 189, 219, 222

Marcus Julius Alexander, 160, 161

Marcus Lepidus
see
Lepidus

Marcus Livius Drusus, 13

Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, 13

Marcus Salvius Otho
see
Otho

Marcus Verrius Flaccus, 52–3

Marcus Vinicius, 129

Maria, 286, 287–8, 312

Marie Antoinette, 4, 133, 155

Marina, 291

Marina Severa, 278, 279

Mark Antony
see
Antony, Mark

marriage, 13–16, 259, 260

legislation, 67–8, 259–60

Mars the Avenger, temple of, Rome, 79

Marseilles, 83

Mary, Virgin, 259, 298, 304

Mary Queen of Scots, 4

Matidia Minor, 193, 200, 212, 288

mausoleum of Augustus (Julio-Claudian family mausoleum), Rome, 59, 61, 73, 81, 84, 114, 122, 165, 240

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, 275–6

mausoleum of Hadrian, Rome, 205, 240

Maxentius, 255, 257

Maximian, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257

Maximinus Daia, 255, 257, 258

Maximinus Thrax, 246

Maximus (Magnus Maximus), 283–4

Medea, 62, 212

medicines, 62–3

Melania the Elder, 268

Melania the Younger, 268, 292, 305–6

Menophilus, 50

Mesopotamia, 190, 195

Messalina, 2, 126–8, 129, 130, 131, 132–5, 137, 141, 148, 151–2, 154, 170, 184, 218, 314

Metellus (Caecilius Metellus), 59, 60

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 64

Milan, 253, 258, 275, 279, 283, 284, 285

Ambrosian library, 207

Milonia Caesonia
see
Caesonia

Milvian Bridge, battle of, 257

Minerva, 150, 153, 177, 194

Minervina, 256, 265

Mnester, 131

Monte Citorio, 210

Monteverdi, Claudio:
L’incoronazione di Poppea
, 154

Monumentum Liviae
, 49–50, 91, 95, 113, 173

Monza, cathedral of, 287

Mount of Olives, 267, 306

Mucia Tertia, 55

Mucianus, 166

Munatia Plancina
see
Plancina

Museo del Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome, 205

Museo Nazionale, Naples, 64

Museo Nazionale, Rome, 32, 39–40

Mutilia Prisca, 110

Mytilene, 139

Naissus, 251

Naples, 11, 22, 152

Bay of, 119

Museo Nazionale, 64

Napoleon III, 48

Narbonne, 294

Narcissus, 130, 132, 136, 140–1, 147

National Gallery, London, 271

National Museums, Berlin, 223

Naulochus, battle of, 30, 37

Nelson, Admiral, 116

Nemausus, 190

Neptune, 34

Nero

birth, 121, 156

reunited with his mother Agrippina Minor, 126

at Saecular Games, 130, 136

Seneca is placed in charge of education of, 138

adopted by Claudius, 138

marries Claudia Octavia, 138