The First Ladies of Rome: The Women Behind the Caesars (81 page)

row between Britannicus and, 140

Agrippina resents influence of Domitia Lepida over, 141

becomes emperor, 142, 143

role of Agrippina during early days of reign, 144, 145

relationship with Agrippina, 146–8

and death of Britannicus, 147

and accusations against Agrippina, 148–9

begins affair with Poppaea, 149

and assassination of Agrippina, 150–1

behaviour after Agrippina’s death, 152–3

unsuccessful conspiracy against, 154

and Jewish rebellion, 163

crises in reign of, 164–5

and death of Poppaea, 165

marries Statilia Messalina, 165

death, 164, 165

palace, 167

brief references, 1, 6, 63, 76, 133, 135, 162, 169, 182, 202, 217, 239, 243, 251, 309

Nero Caesar, 110, 116

Nerva, 188, 189, 190

Nestorius, 304–5, 307

New York

Metropolitan Museum of Art, 64

Pierpoint Morgan Library, 271

Nicaea, Council of, 280

Nicene Creed, 280

Nicomedia, 253, 254, 255, 277

Niger (Pescennius Niger), 222, 223, 224

Nile, River, 103, 187, 203, 227

Nola, 84

North Africa
see
Africa/North Africa

Nugent, Thomas, 275

Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, 154

Obama, Michelle, 8

Octavia

marries Antony, 23–4

reputation, 24

as maternal paragon, 24, 58

appears on coinage, 24–5, 33–4, 39

role as peacemaker, 33, 36

left behind by Antony, 34

travels to Athens, but is forbidden to join Antony, 37

public image promoted by Octavian (later Augustus), 37–40, 46, 58

honours and privileges granted to, 38

statuary portraits of, 39–40

divorced by Antony, 43

Cleopatra seeks goodwill of, 44

Portico of Octavia named for, 59

role in sponsorship of public buildings, 60

and death of her son Marcellus, 61, 63

relationship with Livia, 63

and Julia’s marriage to Tiberius, 73

death and funeral, 73

brief references, 6, 35, 49, 50, 55, 62, 66, 77, 81, 83, 84, 86, 94, 97, 101, 109, 114, 126, 163, 230, 236

Octavia
(tragedy), 135, 153–4, 155

Octavian
see
Augustus

Odenathus, 249

Odoacer, 313

Olybrius, 313

Olympias, 292

Olympiodorus, 294, 295

Opellius Macrinus
see
Macrinus

Oppian Law, 172

Orbiana (Sallustia Orbiana), 245

Origen, 245

Orléans, Henrietta, Duchess of, 158

Orontes, River, 219, 220

Ostia, 78, 132

Otho (Marcus Salvius Otho), 149, 165–6, 167–8, 225

Ovid, 6, 30, 68–9, 70–1, 77, 91, 179

Oxyrhyncus, 82

Paccia Marciana, 219, 220, 231

Padusia, 303

Palais-Royal, Paris, 158

Palatine, Rome, 16, 29, 47, 48, 51, 53, 58, 65, 85, 94, 95, 96, 98, 105, 120, 148, 171, 173, 178, 182, 191, 193, 207, 226, 253, 255, 257, 290

Palestine, 160, 195

Pallas (servant of Antonia Minor), 117

Pallas (treasurer in reign of Claudius), 130, 136, 141, 147

Pamphilia, 95

Pandateria (now Ventotene), 80, 99, 116, 122, 124, 181, 183

Pannonia, 74, 75, 222

Pantheon, Rome, 197

Paris, 134

Hôtel de Bourgogne, 158

Palais-Royal, 158

Paris (actor), 181

Parmeno, 50

Parthenon, 1

Parthia/Parthian Empire, 33, 34, 36, 96, 190, 195, 211–12, 219, 224, 226, 227, 239, 245

Passienus Crispus, 126, 130, 136

Patterson, Martha Johnson, 8

Paul, St, 162

Paula, 268, 286, 288

Paulinus (biographer of Ambrose), 280

Paulinus (
magister officiorum
), 304, 307

Peraea, 160

Perennis, 222

Perseus, 64

Persians, 249, 298

Pertinax (Publius Helvidius Pertinax), 222

Perugia, 20

Perusia, 19, 23, 36, 139

Pescennius Niger
see
Niger

Phaesalis, 89

Philippi, battle of, 12, 13, 19, 29

Philiscus of Thessaly, 229, 230

Philostratus, 217, 229, 230

Apollonius of Tyana
, 229

Phoebe, 80

Phyllis, 171, 184

Piacenza Pilgrim, 308

Pierpoint Morgan Library, New York, 271

Pilia, 31

Piso (Calpurnius Piso), 105–6, 107, 110, 139

Pius VI, Pope, 274

Placidia, 313

Placidia (Galla Placidia)

birth, 284

early life, 284, 285, 286–7

remains unmarried throughout teenage years, 288

and death sentence on Serena, 290

taken hostage by Goths, 290

marries Athaulf, 294–5

birth and death of her son Theodosius, 295

widowed, 295

returns to Rome, 295

marries Flavius Constantius, 296

birth of children, 296

receives title of
Augusta
, 296

exposed position after death of Flavius Constantius, 297

withdraws to Constantinople, 297–8, 300

and declaration of her son as heir to throne, 300

witnesses investiture of Valentinian III, 301

image on coins, 301

commissions basilica dedicated to St John in Ravenna, 301–2

role during reign of Valentinian III, 302–3, 305

and church refurbishment and repair, 303, 310

and Christianity, 309–10

in Rome for reburial of her infant son Theodosius, 310

and Honoria’s marriage, 311

death, 311

remains are discovered, 311–12

Mausoleum of, 275–6

brief references, 9, 277, 280, 313

Plancina (Munatia Plancina), 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 117, 139

Plautia Urgulania, 105, 126

Plautia Urgulanilla, 126

Plautianus (Fulvius Plautianus), 218, 223, 226, 227–8, 229, 231, 232–3, 234

Plautilla, 228, 231, 232, 233, 238, 239

Plautius Silvanus, 105

Pliny the Elder, 42, 58, 59, 60, 80, 101, 140, 156

Pliny the Younger, 192, 193, 194, 214

Plotina (Pompeia Plotina), 6, 188, 189, 190–2, 193, 194, 195–6, 196–9, 225, 230, 238, 245

Plutarch, 21, 34, 35, 37, 230

Life of Julius Caesar
, 1

Pola, 265

Polemo, King of Cilicia, 161

Pollio (Vedius Pollio), 77

Polybius, 132

Polycarpus, 185

Pompeia Plotina
see
Plotina

Pompeianus (Claudius Pompeianus), 213

Pompeii, 17, 22, 77, 175

Pompey, 22, 23, 42, 55, 56, 203

Pontia, 124

Popillius Theotimus, 197

Poppaea, 3, 42–3, 149–50, 153, 162, 165, 167, 181, 193

Poppaea Sabina, 131

Porsenna, 20

Porta Pia, Rome, 169

Porter, Cole, 276

Portico of Octavia, Rome, 59–60, 109

Porticus Liviae (Portico of Livia), Rome, 77, 78

Praeneste, 22

Priene, 66

Prima Porta, 31–3, 47, 50, 167

Prima Porta Augustus, 31

Prisca, 252, 254, 257

Priscus Attalus, 294

Proba, 289

Proclus, 298

Procopius, 289

Proiecta, 260

Propertius, 127

Protonike, 270

Ptolemais, 163

Ptolemies, the, 39

Publius Helvidius Pertinax, 222

Publius Suillius, 130, 131

Pucinum region, 113

Pudicitia Patricia, 77

Pudicitia Plebeia, 77

Pulcheria

as inheritor of Helena’s role, 276–7

childhood, 291–2

strong-willed, 292

pledges herself to celibate life, 292

role in teaching Theodosius II, 293

opinions about powerful influence of, 293, 298

forges powerful identity for herself, 294

represented in imperial iconography, 298

and cult of Virgin Mary, 298

and marriage of Theodosius to Athenais (later called Eudocia), 299

role after her brother’s marriage, 304

and Nestorius, 304–5

relationship with Eudocia, 305, 307

and relics of St Stephen, 306–7

marries Marcian, 308–9

publicly acclaimed as a ‘New Helena’, 311

death, 311

brief references, 269, 301, 302, 310, 313, 314

Punic Wars, 172

Quadi, 213

Quintia, 95

Quintilian, 173, 286