The King of Vodka (37 page)

11.
Novoe Russkoye Slovo
, #16346, Mar. 30, 1958, 7.

12.
Moscow Gazette
, Dec. 25, 1882.

13.
Russkiy Courier
, 1885, #179, 4.

14.
Novosti Dnya
, 1885, #37, 4.

15. Ibid., 1884, #300, 4.

16. Ibid., 4.

17.
Trudy syezda
, vol. 2, app., 317.

18. A. P. Chekhov,
Complete Works
(Moscow-Leningrad: The State Publishing House of Artistic Literature, 1932), vol. 11, 194–95.

19.
Oskolki
, #15, April 14, 1884, 5.

20.
Mezhdunarodniy istoricheskiy zhurnal,
#7 ( January/February, 2000), (Pervaya monografiya: N. Kh. Bunge: sudba reformatora. Glava III: Ministr-liberal, 3. Kosvenniye nalogi i gerboviye sbory, http://history.machaon.ru/all/number_07/pervajmo/bunge/part3/p3/index.html.

21. Smith and Christian,
Bread and Salt
, 309.

CHAPTER 9: THE VODKA KING

1. RSHA, Fund 472, Inv. 38 (415/1935), Case 42. 1.

2. Ibid., 2.

3. CHAM, Fund 16, Inv. 27, Case 905.

4. Vladimir Smirnov's memoirs.

5. CHAM, Fund 149, Inv. 1, Case 17, 7–8, 21

6. RSHA, Case 472, Inv. 38 (415/1935), Case 42, 5–6.

7.
Moskovskiy Listok
, #352, 1886.

CHAPTER 10: FROM PURSUIT TO PRESERVATION

1.
Ukazatel fabrik i zavodov Yevropeyskoy Rossii i Tsarstva Polskogo. Sostavil po ofitsialnym svedeniyam departamenta torgovli i manufaktur P.A. Orlov. Izdaniye vtoroye, ispravlennoye i znachitelno dopolnennoye
(St. Petersburg: R. Golike's Publishing House, 1887), 563.

2.
Istoriya predprinimatelstva v Rossii.
Online source: http://www.rus-lib.ru/book/35/52/343-416.html.

3.
Alkogolism i borba s nim. Osoboye prilozheniye k Trudam komissii po voprosu alkogolizma, pod redaktsiyey M. N. Nizhegorodtseva
, #1, Izdaniye obschestva “Rossiyskogo obschestva okhraneniya narodnogo zdraviya” (St. Petersburg: P. P. Soykin's publishing house, 1909), 49.

4. Patricia Herlihy,
The Alcoholic Empire: Vodka and Politics in Late Imperial Russia
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 113–14.

5.
Alkogolism i borba s nim
, 58.

6. Boris M. Segal,
Russian Drinking: Use and Abuse of Alcohol in Pre-Revolutionary Russia
(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies. 1987), 158.

7. CHAM, Fund 3, Inv. 3, Case 419.

8. RSHA, Fund 472, Inv. 23 (253/1269), Case 9, 29–36 (2)

9.
Novoye Russkoye Slovo,
Mar. 30, 1958, 5.

10. Moscow State Historical Archive, Fund 3, Inv. 3, Case 419.

11. G. N. Ulyanova,
Blagotvoritelnost moskovskih predprini
mateley: 1860–1914 gg
(Moscow: Izdatelstvo obyedineniya “Mosgorarhiv,” 1999), 164.

12.
Kratkaya Yevreyskaya Entsiklopedia
, vol. 5, Kolonki 472–83.

13. M. I. Fridman,
Vinnaya Monopoliya v Rossii
(Moscow: Obschestvo kuptsov i promyshlennikov Rossii, 2005), 159.

14. Ibid., 152.

15.
Trudy syezda Vinokurennyh zavodchikov i spirtopromyshlennikov
(St. Petersburg: V. Kirshbaum, 1893), vol. 2, 314.

16.
Perviy godovoy otchyot Moskovskoy gorodskoy sanitarnoy stantsii pri Gigiyenicheskom Institute Imperatorskogo Moskovskogo universiteta. Mar. 1891–May 1892,
Pod redaktsiyey F. F. Erismana (Moscow: Gorodskaya tipografiya, 1892), 79.

17.
Trudy syezda,
vol. 2, app., 318.

18. Ibid.

19. Fridman,
Vinnaya Monopoliya
, 144.

20. Ibid., 145.

21.
Otechestvennaya istoriya
, #4 (Moscow: Nauka, 1993), 111.

22. Orlando Figes,
A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution
(New York: Penguin Books, 1997), 160.

CHAPTER 11: MONOPOLY CAPITALISM

1. Constantine Pleshakov,
The Tsar's Last Armada: The Epic Journey to the Battle of Tsushima
(New York: Basic Books, 2003), 14.

2.
Russkiy rubl. Dva veka istorii. XIX–XX vv
(Moscow: Progress-Akademiya, 1994), 116–17, Russian State Archives of Literature and Art, Fund 1208, Inv. 24, 1–4.

3. Theodore H. Von Laue,
Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1963), 50.

4. Sidney Harcave,
The Memoirs of Count Witte
(Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe Inc., 1990), 187.

5. William E. Johnson,
The Liquor Problem in Russia
(Westerville, OH: The American Issue Publishing Co., 1915), 120.

6. L. I. Zaitseva,
Chast I: Kazyonnaya vinnaya monopoliya
(1894–1914)/S. Yu. Witte i Rossiya
(Moscow: institut economiki RAN, 2000), 36–37.

7. K. V. Smirnova, G. V. Chinyaeva, V. O. Smirnov, M. I. Gogolashvili,
Vodochniy korol Pyotr Arsenievich Smirnov i yego potomki
(Moscow: OAO Izdatelstvo “Raduga”, 1999), 24; letter from Feb. 6, 1896.

8. CHAM, Fund 16, Inv. 235, Case 4361.

9.
Spravochnaya kniga o litsah Sankt-Peterburgskogo kupechestva i drugih zvaniy na 1894 god,
St. Petersburg, 1895, “2-aya guildiya,” 549;
Adresnaya kniga g. Sankt-Peterburga na 1893 god,
Dept. 3, 256; na 1895 god, Dept. 2, col. 1268; Dept. 3, 372;
Ves Petersburg
na 1894 god, St. Petersburg, A. S. Suvorin, Dept. 3, 217.

10. Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts, Fund 1468, Inv. 1, Case 496, #57.

11. Power of Attorney from Smirnov to Pyotr Petrovich, from Oleg Smirnov's research, PSC009149.

12. L. Ye. Shepelev,
Aktsionerniye companii v Rossii
(Leningrad: Nauka, 1973) 134–35.

13. CSAM, Fund 16, Inv. 237, Case 19, 47.

14. Vladimir Smirnov's memoirs.

15. Ibid.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid.

18. Ibid.

19. Index of Russia exhibitors at the exhibition,
Vsemirnaya kolumbova vystavka 1893 goda v Chicago. Ukazatel russkogo otdela
(St. Petersburg: Yevdokimov, 1893), 52.

20.
Albom uchastnikov Vserossiyskoy Promyshlennoy Khudozhestvennoy Vystavski v Nizhnem Novgorode 1896 g
(St. Petersburg: Tipografiya Ministerstva Putey Soobshcheniya, 1896) Part 2, Dept. “g” 47.

21.
Moskovskiy Listok
, Oct. 17, 1894, 2, col. 4.

22.
New York Times
, Nov. 4, 1894. 1.

23. Harcave,
Memoirs of Count Witte,
213.

24. R. E. F. Smith and David Christian,
Bread and Salt: A Social and Economic History of Food and Drink in Russia
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 315.

25.
Prilozheniye k otchetu glavnogo upravleniya neokladnyh sborov i kazyonnoy prodazhi pitey za 1895 god
(St. Petersburg: Yevdokimov, 1897), 155.

26. Johnson,
Liquor Problem in Russia
, 120.

27. David Christian,
Living Water: Vodka and Russian Society on the Eve of Emancipation
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 381.

28. Patricia Herlihy,
The Alcoholic Empire: Vodka and Politics in Late Imperial Russia
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 15.

29.
Vserossiyskaya khudozhestvenno-promyshlennaya vystavka 1896 goda v Nizhnem Novgorode
(St. Petersburg: German Goppe, 1896), 199.

30. Zaitseva,
Chast I: Kazyonnaya vinnaya monopoliya,
57–59.

CHAPTER 12: THE TSAR AND 3,000 FLASHING BOTTLES

1. James L. West and Iurri A. Petrov,
Merchant Moscow
(Princeton University Press, 1998), 38.

2. Theodore H. Von Laue,
Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1963), 131.

3.
Nizhniy Novgorod 1896
,
Yarmarka. Vystavka. Putevoditel Nizhnego Novgoroda,
Nizhegorodskiy gumanitarniy tsentr, 1996, from
Vserosskiyskaya vystavka 1896 v Nizhnem Novgorode,
24.

4.
Izvestiya vserossiyskoy promyshlenno-khudozhestvennoy vystavki
, July 12, 1896, 3.

5.
Novosti dnya,
#4705, July 14, 2.

6.
Albom uchastnikov Vserossiyskoy Promyshlennoy Khudozhest
vennoy Vystavski v Nizhnem Novgorode 1896 g
(St. Petersburg: Tipografiya Ministerstva Putey Soobshcheniya, 1896), Part 2, Dept. “g,” 47.

7. Essay on the Imperial Court Ministry's Activities for Celebrations related to the Sacred Coronation of their Imperial Majesties in 1896, vol. 3, 292.

8. Von Laue,
Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia
, 132.

9.
Moskovskiy Listok,
Aug. 26, 1896, 3.

10. Sergey Shumilkin,
Nizhegorodskaya yarmarka
(Nizhniy Novgorod: Ponedelnik. Volgo-Vyatskoye knizhnoye izdatelstvo, 1996), 174.

CHAPTER 13: TWILIGHT

1. CHAM, Fund 16, Inv. 235, Case 4361, 8.

2. N. A. Varentsov,
Rossiya v memuarah
(Moscow: NLO, 1999), 133.

3. Ibid.

4. Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, Fund 1468 Inv. 1, Case 496. Borisovskiy letter Apr. 6, 1896.

5. Ibid., Fund 1468, Inv. 1, #21, Case 497, #24, May 1, 11:45
PM
.

6. “P. A. Smirnov (skorbniy list),”
Moskovskiy Listok,
Nov. 30, 1898.

7.
Trudy tehnicheskogo komiteta glavnogo upravleniya neokladnyh sborov i kazyonnoy prodazhi pitey
, vol. 14, 1901 (St. Petersburg, 1903), 100–102; and Krshizhanovskiy V. Yu. Starshiy laborant tsentralnoy himicheskoy laboratorii ministerstva finansov v g. Odesse;
Chistota kazyonnyh pitey, priyomy ih izgotovleniya i kachestvo osnovnyh materialov (syryo i rektifikatsionniye spirty, drevesniy ugol i prochee) pri etom primenyayuschihsya
(Tver, 1906), 94–102.

8. Ibid.,
Trudy technicheskogo,
102

9. Ibid., 100.

10. Vera Grigorieva,
Vodka izvestnaya i neizvestnaya: XIV–XX veka,
from RSHA (St. Petersburg), Fund 476, Inv. 1 Case 2239, vol. 7, 20–22, 40–41, 60–73, 78.

11.
Vserossiyskaya khudozhestvenno-promyshlennaya vystavka 1896 goda v Nizhnem Novgorde
(St. Petersburg: German Goppe, 1896), 198–200; also,
Albom uchastnikov Vserosskiyskoy Promyshlennoy i Khudozhestvennoy Vystavski v Nizhnem Novgorode 1896 g
Tipografiya Ministerstva Putey Soobshcheniya, 1896), (St. Petersburg: Part 2, Dept. “g,” 47.

12. CHAM, Fund 51, Inv. 5, Case 122.

13. Ibid.

14. “On the change of the regulations of P. A. Smirnov's Company of the vodka factory of wine and spirit warehouses and of Russian and foreign grape wine in Moscow,”
Sobraniye Uzakoneniy i Rasporyazheniy Pravitelstva,
4096, issued by a governing senate, Sept. 16, 1897, #1292.

15. CSAM, Fund 16, Inv. 237, Case 19, 17.

16. Russian State Archives of Ancient Acts, Fund 1468, Inv. 1, Case 497, Dec. 3, 1897.

17. Ibid., Fund 1239, Inv. 3, Case 25310.

18. Vladimir Gakov,
Forbes
(Russian ed.), May 2005, 172.

19. Jo Ann Ruckman,
The Moscow Business Elite
(DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 1984), 18.

20. CSAM, Fund 142, Inv. 5, Case 728, 67–71 (translation from the Smirnoff Vodka Archive at Harvard University's Davis Center Collection at the Fung Library).

CHAPTER 14: TWO DEAD BODIES

1. Vladimir Smirnov's memoirs.

2. CSAM, Fund 142, Inv. 5, Case 728, 67–71.

3. Ibid., Case 809, 5.

4. Ibid., Case 809, 76–77.

5.
Moskovskiy Listok
, Mar. 10, 1899, 3.

CHAPTER 15: A NEW CENTURY, A NEW REALITY

1. Gregory Freeze, ed.
Russia: A History
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 206.

2. David Floyd,
Russia in Revolt: 1905: The First Crack in Tsarist Power
(MacDonald & Co., 1968), 37.

3.
Vestnik finansov, promyshlennosti i torgovli. Ukazatel pravitelstvennyh rasporyazheniy po ministerstvu finansov. 1899. Otchyoty kreditnyh uchrezhdeniy, torgovyh i promyshlennyh predpriyatiy
(St. Petersburg: V. Kirschbaum, 1899), 756.

4. Ibid., 755.

5. Andrey Kokorev and Vladimir Rouga,
Moskva povsednevnaya
(Moscow: OLMA-Press, 2005), 39.

6. K. V. Smirnova and T. I. Voznesenskaya, “Semeinaya Khronika podmoskovnoy Shelkovki Smirnovyh,”
Russkaya Usadba
#12 [28] (Moscow: Zhiraf, 2006), 239.

7.
Vestnik finansov, promyshlennosti i torgovli,
755.

8.
Magazine Iskry,
Moscow, 1901, #25, 6, in A. Kokorev and V. Rouga,
Moskva povsednevnaya,
2005, 39.

9.
Vestnik finansov, promyshlennosti i torgovli
(St. Petersburg: V. Kirschbaum, 1901), 741.

10. CSAM, Fund 16, Inv. 237, Case 19, Magazine of the Moscow Government Administration, 1–4.

11. Vladimir Smirnov's memoirs.

12. CSAM, Fund 16, Inv. 237, Case 19, 1–4.

CHAPTER 16: MONOPOLY MADNESS

1. A. Kokorev and V. Rouga,
Moskva povsednevnaya
(Moscow: OLMA-Press, 2005), 39.

2.
Moskovskiy Listok
, Sept. 5, 1900, 3.

3. Ibid., Sept. 2, 1901, 1.

4. Ibid., app., July 5, 1901, 4.

5. Ibid., July 16, 1901, 1.

6. “K 150-letiyu firmy “Petra Smirnova Synovya” (Iz
vospominaniy i rasskazov moyego pokynogo muzha V. P. Smirnova, umershago v 1934 godu)” Rodniye perezvony, #202, 1969, Bruzzels, 11.

7. Ibid., 13–14.

8. Ibid., 14.

9.
Vestnik finansov, promyshlennosti i torgovli. Ukazatel pravitelstvennyh rasporyazheniy po ministerstvu finansov, 1902. Otchyoty kreditnyh uchrezhdeniy, torgovyh i promyshlennyh predpriyatiy
(St. Petersburg: V. Kirschbaum, 1902). 1339.