The Modern Mercenary: Private Armies and What They Mean for World Order (43 page)

Czech Republic,
64

d’Albarno, Montreal,
54

d’Alviano, Bartolomeo,
98

Dante,
84

Darfur,
80

Day of the Rangers
(Power),
94
–
95

DC Five,
76

D-Company,
83

Declaration of Indigenous Rights
,
87

Defense Science Board Task Force,
96

Delta Force,
94

de’ Medici, Giovanni,
50
,
63

Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
See
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Denard, Bob,
37

Dictatus Papae
,
86

DOD.
See
United States Department of Defense (DOD)

Dogs of War, The
(1980),
37

Dominic, Saint,
91

draft, PMCs instead of a,
25
,
55

DRC.
See
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

drones,
45
,
156
,
167

drug cartels/wars,
83
,
93
,
94

Dubai, PMCs in,
24
,
150

DynCorp International: Afghan police training by,
14
,
97

functional areas and typical tasks of,
16
t
,
17
t
,
18

Karzai protected by,
15

in Latin America,
155

nationality of employees,
4
,
150
,
See also
Liberia, case study

East Asia, WatchGuard International in,
36

East Asian recession of 1997,
76

East India Company,
35
,
47
,
52

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS),
105

Ecuador,
24
–
25

Edward III (king),
26
,
83

Egypt,
28

Eisenhower, Dwight D.,
97

End of History and the Last Man, The
(Fukuyama),
69

England,
33
,
46
,
83
,
86

Equatorial Guinea,
39

Erinys,
80

ESPADA Marine Services,
138

Ethiopia,
132
,
135
,
145
,
146

Europe: empires of,
67
–
68

Great Schism and,
77

investiture controversy,
85
–
86

and neomedievalism,
74

13th to 17th century mercenaries in,
28
–
32
,
53
–
54
,
55
,
See also Specific countries

European Court of Human Rights,
78

European Union,
78
,
154

Executive Outcomes: functional areas and typical tasks of,
16
t
; helicopters flown by,
48

leading client forces,
119

in as mercenary company,
14
,
15

organized as multinational corporation,
40

Rwandan genocide and,
38
–
39
,
155

Saracen International and,
140

in Sierra Leone,
59

extortion,
54

ExxonMobil,
81
,
82

Farrow, Mia,
2

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), Blackwater investigation by the,
62

Ferdinand II (emperor),
30
,
31

Ferdinand III (emperor),
32

Fiji,
24
–
25

Firestone Natural Rubber Company,
106

Fitzgerald, Mark,
143
–
44

Florence,
54
,
96

Flying Tigers,
36

Folvilles family,
83

Forsyth, Frederick,
37

Fort Hood, Texas,
136

France: Algeria and,
67

army in 1600s,
32
–
33
,
33
–
34

Battle of Bicocca,
50
–
51

Béziers massacre,
90
–
91

Hundred Years War,
28

investiture controversy in,
86

mercenaries used by,
46

PMCs,
154

soldiers in 1400s,
32

vessel protection detachments of,
142

WW II and,
67
–
68

Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg,
31
,
34

Freedom of Information Act,
8

free markets, faith in,
41
–
43

French Foreign Legion,
12

Friedman, Milton,
41

Froissart, Jean,
26

Fukuyama, Francis,
69

Furlong, Michael D.,
56

G4S,
4
,
82

Gabon,
37

Gansler, Jacques,
20

Gansler report,
20
,
58
,
120
,
163

GAO (Government Accountability Office),
9

Gates, Bob,
22

GDP of the world,
76

Geer, Louis de,
102

Genel Energy,
142

general contractors,
15
,
17
t

Generalkriegskommissariat,
34

Geneva Conventions/Protocols: First,
35

on mercenaries,
37
–
38

neomedieval actors and the,
93

on prisoner of war status,
68

genocides: in Darfur,
2
–
3
,
3
–
4
,
80
,
94
,
119

ICC and,
77

medieval vs. modern,
91

PMCs’ rapid response and,
164

in Rwanda,
xi
,
38
,
94
–
95
,
155
,
164

GEOS Group,
154

Germany,
34
–
35
,
64
,
67
,
98

Ghana,
24
–
25

global GDP,
76

globalization: economic boom due to,
42

Liberia’s recovery and,
106
–
7

Middle Ages,
75
–
76

multinational companies and,
81
–
82

neomedievalism and,
76
,
81

PMCs increased,
151
–
56

Somalia and,
135
–
36

terrorism and,
135
–
36

Global Risk Strategies,
80

Global West Vessel Special Nigeria,
154
–
55

Global X,
154

GOAL,
80

Golden Crescent,
83

Goldwater-Nichols Act,
117

Gore, Al,
43

Gortney, Bill,
143

Government Accountability Office (GAO),
9

Grace, J. Peter,
42

Great Britain,
34
,
35

Great Company,
54

Great Schism,
77

Gregory VII (pope),
86

Gregory XI (pope),
26
,
59

Greystone,
2

gross domestic product (GDP) of the world,
76

Gross, Leo,
69

Guicciardini, Francesco,
51

Guinea,
39
,
53
,
155

Guinea-Bissau,
83
,
105

Gulf of Aden,
136
–
37
,
138
,
139
f
,
140
,
142

Gulf of Guinea,
82
,
145
,
155

Gustavus Adolphus (king),
29

Guzmán, Dominic,
91

Habsburg empire,
67

Haditha, Iraq,
61
–
62
,
65

Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907),
35
,
36

Haiti,
44
,
70
,
84

Hamilton, Alexander,
48

Hammes, T. X.,
48

Hanif Atmar,
149

Hannibal,
27
–
28

Harclerode, H.M.P.D.,
36

Hart Security,
80
,
137
–
38
,
143

Harvard,
41

Hasan, Nidal Malik,
136

Hawkwood, John,
26
–
27
,
52
,
53

Hayek, Friedrich,
41
,
42

Hegel, Georg,
69

Henry II (king),
47

Henry I (king),
86

Henry IV (king),
86

Herzegovina,
95

Hezbollah,
84

Higgins, Rosalyn,
78

HIV/AIDS,
82

Hoare, Mike,
37

Ho Chi Minh,
82

Holder, Eric,
136

Holy Roman Emperor/Empire,
29
,
46
,
63
,
85
–
86

human rights: humanizing war,
44
–
45

ICC and,
78

in Liberia,
105

NGOs and,
80

R2P,
78

Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
78

vetting of police and military recruits,
111
–
13
,
112
f
,
115

Human Rights First,
45
,
62

human rights regime,
86
–
88

Hundred Years War,
28

Hussein, Saddam,
69

Hu Xiangyun,
154

ICC (International Criminal Court),
77
–
78
,
80
,
87

ICJ (International Court of Justice),
68
,
78

IDIQ (indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts),
107
–
8

illicit groups,
79
,
82
–
83

IMF (International Monetary Fund),
42

indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts (IDIQ),
107
–
8

India,
24
–
25
,
35
,
42
,
85

Indian Ocean,
142

indigenous peoples,
85
,
87

Indonesia,
70
,
82

Inferno
(Dante),
84

Innocent III (pope),
90
–
91

Innocent II (pope),
72

Innocent X (pope),
67

innovation for success,
111
–
14
,
112
f
,
114
f

International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers,
162

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC),
10
,
161

International Court of Justice (ICJ),
68
,
78

International Criminal Court (ICC),
77
–
78
,
80
,
87

international criminal organizations,
83

International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL),
77

International Crisis Group,
111
,
121
,
123
,
145

international law: Admiralty/maritime,
143
,
144
,
164

ICC and,
77
–
78

regarding PMCs,
161
–
62
,
See also
Westphalian order

International Maritime Bureau,
145

International Monetary Fund (IMF),
42

International Organization for Standardization’s (ISO),
144

international relations: Middle Ages and,
73
–
74

multinational companies and,
81
–
82

regional integration of states,
77
–
78

sacred and temporal authorities disputes,
85
–
86

twenty-first century,
168

Westphalian order and,
66
–
71

International Security Assistance Force (ISAF),
97
–
98

International Stability Operations Association (ISOA),
8
,
10
,
52
,
160

Internet and terrorism,
76
,
135
–
36

INTERPOL (International Criminal Police Organization),
77

investiture controversy,
85
–
86

Iran,
87
,
98

Iraq: al-Qaida and,
68
–
69
,
70

basic training by US in,
114

citizenship of PMCs employees in,
25

civilian killing by Blackwater personnel in,
23
,
53
,
62
–
63
,
65
,
97

civilian killing by marines in,
61
–
62
,
65

Congress and,
22
,
57

contractor costs in,
24

contractor fatalities in,
20

cost effectiveness of PMCs in,
46
–
47

nation building in,
146
,
147