The Modern Mercenary: Private Armies and What They Mean for World Order (45 page)

Nordic Risk Management,
143

Nördlingen, Battle of,
29

North Korea,
81

Norway,
87
–
88

notice to proceed (NTP),
108

Nuremberg War Trial,
36

Obama, Barack,
97

Office of Defense Cooperation (ODC),
120

Olive,
80

Olive Group,
142

Olson, Mancur,
66
,
68
,
70

160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment,
94

On War
(Clausewitz),
65
,
92

Order
17
of the Coalition Provisional Authority (Iraq),
23

Organization of the Islamic Conference (1990),
87

Oskord Security Group,
154

Ottoman empire,
67

Outsourcing Services,
82

PA&E (Pacific Architects and Engineers),
107
,
108
,
110
,
117
,
118
,
120

Pakistan,
56
,
76

Papua New Guinea,
39

Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law (1856),
144

Parsons,
17
t

Paschal II (pope),
86

Pathfinder Corporation,
142

Patriot Act,
160
–
61

peacekeeping missions,
38
,
53
,
101
,
136
,
147
,
163
–
65

Peace of Lodi (1454),
64

Peace of Westphalia.
See
Westphalian order

Pelton, Robert Young,
9

Penguin Dictionary of International Relations, The
,
69

Persia,
46

personal security details (PSDs),
15

Peter the Ceremonious of Aragon,
28

Peter the Cruel of Castile,
28

Petrarch, Francesco,
26

Philippines,
85

pirates,
35
,
82
,
131
,
136
–
45
,
137
f
,
139
f

Pizan, Christine de,
48

plausible deniability,
56
–
57

PMCs.
See
private military companies

Power, Samantha,
94
–
95

Praetorian Guard,
47

praetorianism,
47
,
48

Prince, Erik,
10
,
140
,
141

Prince, The
(Machiavelli),
52

prisoner of war status,
68

private military companies (PMCs): citizenship of employees,
24
–
25

codependency with the United States,
xiv
,
19
–
25
,
20
f
,
21
f
,
23
f
,
96
–
97

corporations employing,
81
,
82

defining,
10
–
12

government oversight of,
9

influence on domestic politics,
126
–
28

lack of information regarding,
8
–
10

market for,
12

myths regarding,
51
–
53

NGOs and,
80
–
81

overview,
xi
–xiii,
8

salary of employees,
24

state monopolizes force,
32
–
35

typology of,
13
–
15
,
16
–
17
t
,
18

US Army as pattern for,
12
–
13

utility of,
45
–
49
,
See also
Liberia, case study; mercenary PMCs; military enterprisers PMCs

private military history: ancient to Westphalia (1648),
27
–
32
,
46
,
50
–
51
,
53
–
54
,
55
,
58

black market for force,
35
–
38

Middle Ages PMCs parallels with modern PMCs,
xiv
,
26
–
27

return of private armies,
4
–
5
,
38
–
49

state monopoly on force,
32
–
35

private military/security company (PMSC),
10
–
11

Private Sector Survey on Cost Control,
42

Private Security Company Association of Iraq,
8

Private Security Contractors at War
(Human Rights First),
62

Problem from Hell, A
(Power),
94
–
95

profit motive.
See
market for force; private military companies (PMCs)

Project, The
(2013),
141

Protection Vessels International,
138

Prussia,
32
,
33
,
46

PSDs (personal security details),
15

Punic Wars,
27
–
28

Puntland,
38
,
132
,
133
,
137
–
38
,
141
,
142

Qaddafi, Muammar,
47
–
48
,
78
,
152

Quadrennial Defense Review (2006),
96
–
97

R2P (Responsibility to Protect),
78
,
87
,
135

Rajaie-Khorassani, Said,
87

Rand, Ayn,
43

Raytheon,
155

Reagan, Ronald,
42
–
43

Reflex Responses (R2),
141
,
145
,
152

refugees: internally displaced people,
103

Liberian,
103

PMCs protection of,
2
,
155

Somalian,
131
,
132
,
133

Thirty Years War,
64

request for proposal (RFP),
107
,
108

Responsibility to Protect (R2P),
78
,
87
,
135

Revolutionary United Front (RUF),
14

RFP (request for proposal),
107
,
108

Rice, Condoleezza,
23
,
62

Road to Serfdom, The
(Hayek),
42

Rocroi, Battle of,
29

Roger II of Sicily (king),
72

Romeo and Juliet
(Shakespeare),
86

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998),
36
,
78

RONCO,
80

Rudaj organization,
83

Rudolf II (king),
32

RUF (Revolutionary United Front),
14

Ruhullah,
158

Rumsfeld, Donald,
47

Russia,
78
,
152
,
154

Russo-Japanese War,
67

Rwanda, UN and,
70

Rwandan genocide,
xi
,
38
,
94
–
95
,
155
,
164

Sacchetti, Franco,
27
,
59

Saladin Security,
36

saltwater school of economics,
41
–
42

Samuki, Brownie,
116

Sandline International,
16
t
,
39
,
40

Saracen International,
140
,
145

SAS-PMC,
36
–
37

Saudi Arabia,
87

Save the Children,
80
,
105
–
6

Save Darfur,
80

Scahill, Jeremy,
9

Schrötter, Friedrich von,
32

Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC),
15
,
16
t

Scotland,
55

SEAL Team Six,
94

Security Association for the Maritime Industry (SAMI),
142
,
144

security sector reform (SSR),
109
,
122

security support companies,
15
,
16
t

September 11, 2001,
68

Seychelles Islands,
37

Sforza, Francesco,
46

Shah, Rajiv,
97

Shahzad, Faisal,
76

Shakespeare, William,
75
–
76
,
86

Shandong Huawei Security Group,
153

Sharpe, Anthony,
140

Shulgi of Ur (king),
27

Siena,
54

Sierra Leone,
14
,
39
,
59
,
70
,
103
,
109

Singer, Peter W.,
11
,
12

Sirichainava
12
(fishing vessel),
138

Smith, Adam,
163

Smith, Rupert,
95

Somalia: Battle of Mogadishu in,
94
,
136

failure of,
84

media coverage of,
44
,
133
,
135

UN and,
70

undisciplined force in,
53

warlords with private armies in the,
84

Somalia, case study: medieval solutions to modern problems,
145
–
48

overview,
xv
,
131
–
36
,
134
f
,
158
,
159

pirates and,
82
,
136
–
45
,
137
f
,
139
f

Somaliland,
132
,
133
,
138

SomCan Coast Guard,
138
,
144
,
156

SOS International,
17
t

South Africa: Civil Cooperation Bureau,
140

mercenaries outlawed in,
39

Sterling and,
141

TCNs from,
4
,
25

Universal Declaration of Human Rights and,
87
,
See also
Executive Outcomes

South American cartels in West Africa,
83

South Asia, D-Company in,
83

Southern Cross,
80

sovereignty: fragmented,
63
,
See also
neomedievalism

Soviet Union,
42
,
68

SOW (statement of work),
108
,
110

Spain, Battle of Bicocca,
28
,
50
–
51
,
142

Spanish-American War,
67

Special Air Services (SAS),
36
–
37

Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction,
9

Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction,
9

Specialist Marine Services,
142

Special Maritime and Territorial Jurisdiction Act (SMTJ),
160
–
61

Special Tactical Services,
82

Spicer, Tim,
39
,
44

Spinola, Marquis of,
102

SSR (security sector reform),
109
,
122

statement of work (SOW),
108
,
110

states: failed or fragile,
84
–
85
,
88
,
92
,
104

monopoly on force,
32
–
35
,
See also
neomedievalism; Westphalian order

Sterling Corporate Services,
16
t
,
140

Stigler, George,
41

Stirling, David,
36

Stock, Michael C.,
141

Strait of Malacca,
82

subprime mortgage crisis of 2007,
76

Sudan: border region of,
146

Darfur genocide,
2
–
3
,
3
–
4
,
80
,
94
,
119

territorial control in,
70

surge capacity,
115

Sweden,
29
,
46
,
64

Swift Global Logistics,
17
t

Swiss Initiative,
161
–
62

Swiss mercenaries,
28
,
33
,
50
–
51

Syria,
28
,
70

Tacforce International,
142

Tajikistan,
53
,
83

Taliban,
56
,
149
,
158

Tanzania,
85

tax havens,
81

Taylor, Charles,
101
,
103
,
104
,
105
,
106

TCNs (third-country nationals),
4
,
24
–
25

Tellier, Michel le,
34

terrorist organizations neomedieval agenda,
82

Thailand,
76
,
138

Thatcher, Margaret,
41
–
42

Thatcher, Mark,
39

third-country nationals (TCNs),
4
,
24
–
25

Thirty Years War,
29
,
55
,
64
,
102

Tilly, Charles,
66
,
68

Titan Corporation,
15
,
16
t

Togo,
82

tooth-to-tail ratio,
18