The Pope's Last Crusade (34 page)

78
“For not only . . .”
Ibid., 69.

78
“Verify!”
. . . . Ibid.

79
The pope told a French bishop
Ibid., 78.

79
“Jesuits obeyed . . .”
Undated notes, Hurley Papers, ACDSA.

80
“People look to us . . .”
LaFarge letter to Talbot, June 8, 1938, GUL, 38-3.

80
“It was fortunately . . .”
LaFarge memo to Talbot, July 3, 1938, GUL, 38-3.

81
“every government in Europe
. . .” Ibid.

82
“If people get nosey . . .”
Unpublished manuscript, 53, Edward Stanton, Stanton Papers, BLBC.

83
“Remember, you are writing . . .”
Hecht,
Unordinary Man,
quoting Walter Abbott, 120.

83
“I had a curious sensation . . .”
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary
, 273.

84
“We had a splendid view . . .”
Account of the Paris visit is in LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
277–278.

85
“Two hours before their arrival . . .”
United Press, “Paris Acclaims Royal Visits,”
Miami News,
July 19, 1938, 1.

85
“I found my French . . .”
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
277–278.

85
“A forced migration . . .”
“U.S. Spurs Nations to Prompt Action at Refugee Parley,”
NYT,
July 7, 1938, 1.

86
“such deep sympathy . . .”
Quoted in Walter F. Mondale, “Evian and Geneva,”
NYT,
July 28, 1979, 17.

86
“It is well not to be . . .”
LaFarge letter to Margaret, May 3, 1938, LaFarge Papers, GUL, 38-3.

87
“suddenly finding a hundred reminders . . .”
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
280.

87
“I was never part . . .”
Ibid., 3.

87
“The background of my boyhood . . .”
Ibid., 37.

88
When LaFarge was quite young,
Ibid., 30.

88
shared “her problems . . .”
Ibid.

88
“I was glad to know . . .”
Ibid.

88
A critical appraisal,
The Ascension by LaFarge,
NYT,
September 27, 1888.

89
Henry Adams, in his autobiographical
Henry Adams,
The Education of Henry Adams: An Autobiography
(Boston: Mariner Books, 2000; originally published 1918), 161.

91
The preface had even quoted the pope,
LaFarge,
Interracial Justice,
vi, viii, and xi.

91
LaFarge added that
Ibid., vi.

91
LaFarge and Gundlach divided
Castelli, “Unpublished Encyclical,” 8.

91
“a certain degree of historical . . .”
JLF to Pope Pius XI, October 28, 1938, Stanton Papers, BLBC.

92
In 1930, Gundlach had
Georges Passelecq and Bernard Suchecky,
The Hidden Encyclical of Pius XI
(New York: Harcourt Brace, 1997), 47.

93
Nevertheless, three years before
Ibid., 48–49.

93
“Every now and then . . .”
LaFarge letter handwritten to Talbot, GUL, 32-3.

93
“You are the one best equipped . . .”
Talbot to LaFarge, July 13, 1938. Stanton Papers, BLBC

94
“As I remember it . . .”
Passelecq and Suchecky,
Hidden Encyclical,
173–174.

95
“If we go back to the beginnings . . .”
Draft encyclical, Papers of Edward Stanton, BLBC.

95
“The Mechanistic-Atomistic . . .”
Ibid.

95
“Men of good will should do everything . . .”
Ibid.

96
One Jesuit recounted
Passelecq and Suchecky,
Hidden Encyclical,
174.

96
Ledóchowski caused a stir
Passelecq and Suchecky,
Hidden Encyclical,
61, and Ledóchowski to LaFarge, July 17, 1938, LaFarge papers, GUL.

97
TALBOT SEVERE WARNING
Stanton Papers, BLBC.

98
The German Foreign Office
David Kahn,
Hitler's Spies
(New York: DaCapo Press, 2000), 185.

98
The Vatican also had
David Alvarez,
Spies in the Vatican
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002), 130–172.

99
They apparently were
Ibid., 156.

99
By the end of
Ibid., 166.

99
Now suddenly,
Passelecq and Suchecky,
Hidden Encyclical,
60–61.

100
“The whole time . . .”
Henrich Bacht, quoted in Passelecq and Suchecky,
Hidden Encyclical,
57.

101
The pope denounced
Frank Coppa, “The Papal Response to Nazi and Fascist Anti-Semitism: From Pius Xi to Pius XII,” in
Jews in Italy Under Fascist and Nazi Rule 1922–1925,
ed. Joshua D. Zimmerman (London: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 274.

101
“We should ask ourselves . . .”
Giorgio Angelozzi Gariboli,
Pius XII Hitler E Mussolini: Il Vaticano Fra Le Dittature
(Milano: Mursia, 1988), 81.

102 “
To say that Fascism”
Arnaldo Cortesi, “Mussolini Defies Vatican Warning in Racist Dispute,”
NYT,
July 31, 1938.

102
“Enemies . . . reptiles,” he complained
The Associated Press, “Lover's Diary: Mussolini Wanted to Destroy Jews,” November 16, 2009, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33973018/ns/world_news-europe/t/lovers-diarymussolini-wanted-destroy-jews/#TtY9VLIr2nA.

103
Pius, however, could not be
Fattorini,
Hitler, Mussolini and the Vatican,
160.

103
“the pope would not retract . . .”
Phillips unpublished diary, 2697.

103
Ambassador Phillips sent a report
Phillips, unpublished diary, HLHC, 2675.

103
Hurley, as the token
Hurley's biography comes from Gallagher,
Vatican Secret Diplomacy,
esp. 71–92.

106
“If the Reds would . . .”
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
279–280.

106
LaFarge's notes
Draft copy of article prepared for
America
, July 1938, GUL, 38-3.

106
The pope had criticized Franco
United Press, “‘Useless massacre of the civil population . . .' Vatican Paper Joins in Bombing Protests,”
NYT,
June 10, 1938.

107
LaFarge grieved
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
281–282.

107
“I had so hoped to be . . .”
Ibid., 282.

107
“I said Mass for your brother . . .”
Talbot to LaFarge, August 8, 1938, GUL, 21-2.

108
“Some days before his death . . .”
Ibid.

108
Bancel's “last hours were of great peace . . .”
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
282.

108
“About other things at home . . .”
LaFarge letter to Talbot, GUL, 38-3.

109
“Contrary to what people believe, . . .”
Galeazzo Ciano,
Diary, 1937–1943
(New York: Enigma Books, 2002), 117.

109
“During the Ethiopian War, . . .”
“Purge Extension Is Urged in Italy,”
NYT,
September 3, 1938, 15.

109
As expected, Mussolini's decision
“Italy Exiles Jews Entering Since '19,”
NYT,
September 2, 1938, 1.

109
“Anti-Semitism is a hateful movement . . .”
Susan Zuccotti,
Under His Very Windows
(New Haven: Yale Nota Bene, 2002), 45.

110
“The Germans are mistaken in . . .”
Gallagher,
Vatican Secret Diplomacy,
63, and cf. 241.

111
At breaks from the writing,
LaFarge letter to Bacht, October 22, 1948, LaFarge Papers, GUL.

111
LaFarge had included
Draft encyclical, Stanton Papers, BLBC, 132.

112
War was a constant theme
LaFarge, “The Munich Agreement Demands Further Adjustments,”
America,
November 5, 1938, 100.

112 “
for a ‘button to be pushed' . . .”
Ibid.

112
He felt himself to be “exhausted to the very limit . . .”
Letter to Bacht, GUL.

113
Humanis Generis Unitas
Draft encyclical, Papers of Edward Stanton, BLBC.

113
“In one place a magical remedy . . .”
Ibid.

114
“When we come to the question of race . . .”
Ibid.

115
“is not content with denying the validity . . .”
Ibid.

116
He sent a message
LaFarge to Talbot, September 18, 1938. GUL.

118
There was speculation
“Reich's Envoy Sees Pacelli,”
NYT,
September 24, 1938.

118
Soon after they pulled away
“Pacelli Is Bruised in Motor Accident,”
NYT,
September 25, 1938.

120
“I reminded Ciano that . . .”
Phillips, unpublished diary, 2696.

121
“I play [
sic
] the same . . .”
Ciano,
Diary,
120.

121
“So far as I was concerned, . . .”
Phillips, unpublished diary, 2696.

121
“A long war might again . . .”
Ibid.

121
“If we get the idea . . .”
Phillips,
Ventures in Diplomacy,
privately published, 219–220.

122
“I reminded Hurley that . . .”
Phillips, unpublished diary, 2705.

122
The United States was gratified
Summary of Dispatch, January 21, 1939, Department of State, Division of European Affairs, NARA, RG 84, Italy, U.S. Consulate and Rome, General Records, 1936–1964.

123
Hurley ran a considerable risk
Gallagher,
Vatican Secret Diplomacy,
78–79.

123
“You can rely on your people . . .”
The Associated Press, “Text of Chancellor Adolf Hitler's Speech on the Czechoslovak Situation Yesterday, Sept 26, 1938,”
NYT,
September 27, 1938.

124
“Father Ledóchowski seated himself . . .”
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
276.

124
William Shirer, the Berlin correspondent
William L. Shirer,
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1960), 397–398.

124
He found the führer to be a master
Phillips unpublished diary, HLHC, 2717.

125
Hitler had begun in a gentle
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
276.

125
trading on the New York Stock Exchange
“Market Seesaws to Hitler's Speech,”
NYT,
September 27, 1938.

126
“That evening Hitler burned his bridges . . .”
Shirer,
Rise and Fall
, 398–399.

126
Jan Masaryk, the Czech ambassador
The Associated Press, “Masaryk Shocked,”
Washington Post,
September 27, 1938, x7.

126
“The full import . . .”
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
276–277.

127
“For the first time in all the years . . .”
Shirer,
Rise and Fall,
398–399.

127
“And the bell rang . . .”
LaFarge,
Manner Is Ordinary,
276.

128
“And sure enough . . .”
Ibid.

128
“Let the Lord of life and death . . .”
“Pope Calls on All for Peace Prayer,”
NYT,
September 30, 1938.

129
Soon after the formal announcement
“Pope Overjoyed at Agreement,”
NYT,
October 1, 1938, 2.

129
“Don't you understand? . . .
Fattorini,
Hitler, Mussolini and the Vatican
, 174.

129
“This is all warmed-over . . .”
Ibid., 170.

129
Subordinates sought to tone down
Ibid., 175.

130
Franklin Roosevelt shared
Phillips,
Ventures in Diplomacy;
letter from Roosevelt to Phillips, 219.

130
“I cannot forget . . .”
Fattorini,
Hitler, Mussolini and the Vatican,
176, and fc. 63, 245.

130
Osservatore Romano
editorialized
U.S. embassy memo to State Department, November 4, 1938, Phillips, NARA, RG 84, Italy, U.S. Consulate and Rome, General Records, 1936–1964.

130
U.S. ambassador William Phillips, monitoring
Ibid.

131
SAILING OCTOBER 1
Telegram LaFarge to Talbot, September 29, 1938, LaFarge Papers, GUL, 1-10.

131
“War-scares, like hurricanes . . .”
John LaFarge, “The Munich Agreement Demands Further Adjustments,”
America
, November 5, 1938, 100.

132
“The impression of a foreigner in Paris . . .”
Ibid.

133
Chief among his critics
Churchill, http://www.winstonchurchill

.org/learn/speeches/speeches-of-winston-churchill/101-the-munichagreement.

133
“That fellow [Chamberlain] has spoiled my entry . . .”
Shirer,
Rise and Fall,
427.

134
In keeping up with his and LaFarge's plan
Gundlach letter to JLF, October 16, 1938, Stanton Papers, BLBC.

135
There was no precedent
Joseph F. Keaney, S.J., to Rev. Edward S. Stanton, S.J., May 13, 1971, Stanton Papers, BLBC.

135
“The Jews are merely guests . . .”
“Cattolicismo e Nazismo: Idee chiare e pericolosi equivoci,”
Osservatore Romano
, June 10, 1938. Quoted in Zuccotti,
Under His Very Windows,
25.

136
“I was here . . .”
Gundlach letter to JLF, October 16, 1938, Stanton Papers, BLBC.