The Pope's Last Crusade (38 page)

    Nazi invasion/occupation of, 111–12, 117–18, 120–21, 124, 125–26, 133, 141, 212

    Nazi relations with, 41–45, 47, 75

    Phillips-Ciano meeting about, 120–21

    Pius XI views about, 130

    
See also
Sudetenland

Daladier, Édouard, 128

Davis, Thurston N., 225

democracy

    LaFarge views about, 162

    Roosevelt views about, 164

Desbuquois, Gustave, 81, 91, 96, 97, 111

Divinis Redemptoris
(Pius XI encyclical), 77–78, 113

Dodd, William E., 69

Dougherty, Dennis (cardinal), 205

D'Ouince, Father, 90

Downey, Father, 108

Drexel, Katharine, 83

The Education of Henry Adams
(Adams), 88–89

Elizabeth (queen of England), 84

encyclical, Pius XI–LaFarge

    anti-Semitism/Jews and, 59–62, 75, 91, 92–93, 99, 111, 112, 113, 115, 135–36, 138, 171, 172, 214, 225–26

    assistants for writing, 81

    censorship of, 114

    Communism and, 113, 159

    cover story for, 82

    delivery to Pius XI of, 134–38, 141, 144–45, 146, 159, 165, 170–71, 227

    drafts of, 112–13, 172, 214, 225–26, 227

    Fascists and, 160

    fear of Gestapo and, 100

    first major public revelation about, 226

    Gundlach-LaFarge letters about, 136–37, 145, 146, 172, 194–95, 215–16, 226

    Hitler and, 75, 113, 114, 231, 232

    human rights and, 112

    importance of, 97, 111, 226, 231–32

    
International Justice
as blueprint for, 90–91

    introduction of, 114

    key points in, 114–15

    Killeen-LaFarge correspondence about, 138

    LaFarge delivery to Ledóchowski of, 146

    LaFarge feelings/concerns about, 80–81, 112, 164–65, 222, 223

    as LaFarge legacy, 113

    LaFarge return to U.S. and, 134

    Mussolini and, 190

    nationalism and, 171

    Nazis and, 160

    news services announcement about, 159–60

    Pacelli and, 189–90

    Paris as base for working on, 81, 83, 84–85, 86–96, 99

    Passelecq-Suchecky book about, 226–27

    Pius XI beatification of and, 230

    Pius XI death and, 189–90, 226

    Pius XI expectations about, 90

    Pius XI illness and, 147, 171–72

    Pius XI–LaFarge letters about, 145–46, 165, 227

    Pius XII–Ledóchowski meeting about, 214

    Pius XII rejection of, 214–16

    plans for, 51–52, 59–62

    publication of, 164–65, 215, 226

    purpose of, 51–52, 59–62

    racism and, 59–62, 90–91, 92, 111, 115, 137, 155, 160, 171, 172

    rewriting of, 170–71, 189–90

    Rosa review of, 135–36, 138, 170

    secrecy about, 61, 75–76, 81, 82, 84, 96–97, 99, 100, 105, 171

    title for, 113, 171

    Vatican-Nazi relations and, 137–38

    Vatican politics and, 75–76, 94, 116–17, 146–47

    writing of, 86, 89–96, 100, 105, 107, 108, 111–13, 115–16, 134

    
See also
Ledóchowski, Wlodimir, and Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical

encyclicals

    of Pius XI, 22, 25–26, 41, 51–52, 72, 75, 77–78, 91, 97, 113, 135, 147, 226

    
See also specific encyclical

England.
See
Great Britain; London, England

Etudes
magazine, 90

Eucharistic Congress (Budapest, 1938), 8, 45–49, 50

Eucharistic Congress (New Orleans, 1938), 147

Europe, LaFarge 1938 trip to

    
America
magazine story about, 161–62

    Budapest visit during, 47–50

    England visit during, 11–13, 15–18

    Eucharistic Congress and, 47–50

    French tours and, 86–87

    Koblenz visit during, 38–41

    LaFarge on French-German border during, 36–38

    LaFarge homesickness during, 89–90

    LaFarge return from, 131, 132, 134, 139–40

    map of,
32

    Paris visit during, 34–35

    Prague visit during, 41–45, 141

    purpose of, 8, 18, 47

    Rome visit during, 52–57

Evian-les-Bains (France): international conference on refugees in, 85–86

Farinacci, Roberto, 110–11, 154

Fascists.
See
Italy/Fascists; Mussolini, Benito

Fattorini, Emma, 228

Faustino, Brother, 181, 183

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 154

Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 42

Feuermann, Emanuel, 139

Feuermann, Mrs. Emanuel, 139

Fonsau, George Hoffman, 42

Ford, Henry, 154

France

    Alsace concerns of, 12

    Communism in, 79

    German views about, 39

    LaFarge 1938 tours of, 86–87

    LaFarge on border between Germany and, 36–38

    LaFarge views about, 85, 86–87

    Munich Agreement and, 131, 133

    Nazi-Czechoslovakia relations and, 44, 112, 118, 125

    Nazi occupation of Sudetenland and, 133

    Pacelli election/coronation as pope and, 211

    selection of Pius XI successor and, 195, 197–98

    U.S. relations with, 86

    war preparations of, 176

    
See also
Paris, France

Franciscan Brothers of the Sick, Chapel of (Koblenz, Germany), 41

Franciscans, 40, 41

Franco, Francisco, 55, 78, 105–6

FUCI (Catholic youth organization), 201

Gallagher, Charles, 228

Gannon, Michael, 228

George VI (king of England), 84–85

German Reichstag: Hitler speech to, 176

Germany.
See
Nazi Germany;
specific person

Gianfarra, Camille, 204–5

Goebbels, Joseph, 45, 123, 124, 127, 147–48, 150, 154

gold, 139

Goldstein, Israel, 164

Göring, Hermann, 25, 147–48

Graham, Father Robert, 172

Grano, Monsignor Carlo, 185

Grasselli, Luigi, 29

Great Britain

    Hurley–Pius XI relationship and, 104

    LaFarge 1938 trip to, 11–13, 15–18

    Munich Agreement and, 131, 133

    Nazi-Czechoslovakia relations and, 44, 112, 118, 125, 133

    Pacelli visits to, 73–74

    Pius XI crooked crosses statement and, 33

    Pius XI encyclical about Nazis and, 72

    selection of Pius XI successor and, 195, 196

    Vatican policies toward Nazis and Fascists and, 212

    Vatican relations with, 168

    war preparations in, 12, 176

    
See also
London, England

Gregorian University, 52, 53, 54, 73, 83, 134, 145

Grynszpan (Herschel) family, 150

Gumpel, Peter, 230

Gundlach, Gustav

    concerns about Ledóchowski of, 100, 116

    concerns about Pacelli of, 100

    copies of encyclical and, 172

    as LaFarge assistant on encyclical, 81

    LaFarge delivery of encyclical and, 117

    LaFarge letters to/from, 136–37, 145, 146, 160, 165, 172, 194, 215, 226

    LaFarge relationship with, 91, 93, 94, 95, 114, 216

    LaFarge self-doubts and, 93

    Ledóchowski and, 92, 134–35, 146, 159

    and Ledóchowski delivery of encyclical to Pius XI and, 134–35, 146, 159, 165

    Maher letter to, 215

    Nazi relations with, 100

    Pacelli/Pius XII and, 100, 160, 211–12

    Pius XI conspiracy theory of, 137

    Pius XII rejection of Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 215

    publication of encyclical and, 172, 215

    secrecy about Vatican activities and, 97, 99

    views about Hitler of, 100, 111

    views about Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical of, 215–16

    writing of Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 91, 94–96, 111, 113, 134

    writing style of, 94–95

Halifax, Lord, 17, 166–67, 168

Hary, Nicola Mattioli, 202

Heilbrunn (Julius) family, 139

Henderson, Sir Neville, 43

Hennequin, Paule, 202

The Hidden Encyclical of Pius XI
(Passelecq and Suchecky), 227

Himmler, Heinrich, 213

Hitler, Adolf

    anti-Catholic program of, 130

    as Catholic, 33

    Catholic Church/Vatican views about, 13, 17, 25, 176

    Chamberlain and, 117–18, 127, 128, 133, 168

    Ciano-Phillips meeting about, 121

    Communism pledge of, 25

    Coughlin support for, 153

    crooked crosses statement and, 33

    Evian-les-Bains refugee conference and, 85–86

    excommunication of, 173, 188

    German Reichstag speech of, 176

    Innitzer incident and, 143–44

    LaFarge 1938 trip to Europe and, 3, 8–9, 17–18

    LaFarge views about, 41, 126, 141, 161

    Munich Agreement and, 131, 133, 167

    Mussolini relations with, 33, 52, 69, 75, 105, 167, 218

    Pacelli/Pius XII and, 105, 210, 211–12, 213, 215

    Pacelli–Pius XI relations and, 74

    Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 75, 113, 114, 231, 232

    Pius XI views about, 15, 19–21, 22, 25–27, 31–32, 33–34, 47, 67, 69, 72, 74, 75, 97, 103, 122, 128–29, 130, 133, 168, 174, 177, 193, 210, 212, 216

    Rome visit of, 12, 13–15, 19, 20–21, 32, 33–34, 35, 37, 47, 52, 67, 85, 160

    Schuster comments about, 152

    selection of Pius XI successor and, 195

    Spanish Civil War and, 106

    as speaker, 124–25

    Sportpalast speech of, 123–28, 129, 130, 141, 161, 194

    Vatican-Nazi relations and, 143–44

    views about Pius XI of, 4, 13, 32, 160

    
See also
Nazi Germany;
specific person or topic

Hitler Youth organization, 40, 231

Holy Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, 77

Horthy, Nicholas, 48

Hull, Cordell, 69, 122, 193–94

human rights, 90, 112, 164, 221

Humanis Generis Unitas (The Unity of the Human Race)
.
See
encyclical, Pius XI–LaFarge

Hungary: Jews in, 46, 47, 48

Hurley, Monsignor Joseph

    appointment as bishop in St. Augustine of, 218

    banishment of, 218

    break with Vatican of, 217

    CBS Radio speech of, 218–19

    death of, 219

    Innitzer incident and, 143–44

    Mundelein visit to Rome and, 148

    Pacelli election/coronation as pope and, 204–5, 211

    and Pacelli love of German culture, 74

    Pacelli/Pius XII relationship with, 104–5, 211, 217

    papers of, 228

    personal and professional background of, 104–5

    Phillips's relationship with, 103, 104, 105, 122, 130, 144, 148, 168, 179, 187, 217–18

    Pius XI–Chamberlain meeting and, 167

    Pius XI illness/death and, 179, 180, 187

    Pius XI relationship with, 104, 122, 217, 218, 219

    and Pius XI views about Nazis and Fascism, 103

    role at Vatican of, 103–4

    Roosevelt thank-you letter to, 123

    selection of Pius XI successor and, 196

    two crosses image and, 32, 33, 219

    Vatican Radio address of, 217

    Vatican-U.S. relations and, 122–23

    views about Nazis of, 218, 219

    views about pacifism of, 217

    views about Pius XII of, 216–17, 219

Ickes, Harold, 176

Il Secolo XIX
magazine, 174, 201

Innitzer, Theodor (cardinal), 13, 100, 143–44

Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission, 40

Israel, Edward L. (rabbi), 194

Italian Federation of Catholic University Students: Pius XI speech to, 174, 201, 227

Italy/Fascists

    as agents within Catholic Church, 98

    anti-Semitism in, 109, 158, 160, 173, 199

    Catholics in, 33, 142–43

    censorship in, 122

    Coughlin and, 154

    divisions within U.S. about, 141

    entrance into World War II of, 217

    influence of Nazi Germany on, 102, 103, 232

    Jews in, 14, 102, 109, 142–43, 232

    Lateran Agreement and, 160, 174

    marriage bans in, 142–43

    Nazi relations with, 102, 103, 121

    Pacelli views about, 100

    Phillips appointment as ambassador to, 68

    Pius XI death and, 190

    Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 160

    Pius XI views about, 4, 49, 69, 101, 102, 168, 174, 190–92, 193, 194

    racism in, 101, 115, 160, 190, 232

    selection of Pius XI successor and, 195–96, 197

    U.S. relations with, 69

    Vatican relations with, 82, 98, 102–3, 108–10, 142–43, 160, 173–74, 187, 188, 190–91, 231

    young Italians opposed to, 174

    
See also
Mussolini, Benito