The Pope's Last Crusade (39 page)

Jesuits

    St. Ignatius views about, 89

    
See also America
magazine;
specific person

Jews

    Aryans as needing protection from, 101

    at Castel Gandolfo, 229

    Communism and, 77, 78, 93

    in concentration camps, 40, 151, 230

    Coughlin views about, 153, 163

    emigration of, 176

    Hitler/Nazi persecution of, 8, 9, 13, 51, 60, 69, 109, 115, 133, 138, 150–53, 176, 226, 231, 232

    Hitler trip to Rome and, 14

    Kristallnacht and, 150–53

    LaFarge 1938 European trip and, 46

    Ledóchowski views about, 77, 78

    Mussolini bans marriage between Catholics and, 142–43

    Nazi occupation of Sudetenland and, 133

    Nazi-Vatican relations and, 161

    Pacelli comments about, 48

    Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 75, 111, 112, 115

    Pius XI views about, 4, 138

    Pius XII and, 229

    reactions to Pius XI death among, 194

    as refugees, 85–86, 111–12, 117

    resettlement of, 176

    on
Statendam,
139

    Vatican views about, 226, 230, 231

    
See also
anti-Semitism

John Paul I (pope), 230

John Paul II (pope), 230

John XXIII (pope), 203, 230

Johnson, Lyndon B., 224

Judaism: Catholic Church rejection of, 113

Kaufmann, Liesel, 151

Kennedy, Eunice, 209

Kennedy, John Fitzgerald, 209, 223, 224, 225

Kennedy, Joseph P., 70, 205, 209

Kennedy, Kathleen, 209

Kennedy, Rose Fitzgerald, 205, 209

Kerr, Florence, 71

Kertzer, David, 228

Killeen, John, 135, 136, 138, 164–65

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1, 2, 222, 223–24

Klieforth, Alfred, 211

Koblenz, Germany: LaFarge visit (1938) to, 38–41

Kristallnacht (Night of the Broken Glass, 1938), 150–53, 154, 231

LaFarge, Bancel (brother), 87, 89, 105, 107–8, 117, 140

LaFarge, Grant (brother), 87, 108, 117, 140

LaFarge, Jean Frédéric de (father), 10, 83, 87–89, 140

LaFarge, John

    arts interests of, 89

    awards and honors for, 154, 221–22

    Bancel death and, 107–8, 117

    childhood/youth of, 9, 87–88

    death of, 225

    early priestly activities of, 2, 10–11

    education of, 10, 107

    family background of, 9, 10, 87–88

    health of, 131, 140

    homesickness of, 89–90, 117

    influence on Pius XI of, 51–52, 59–60, 102, 221

    LaFarge Sr. influence on, 89

    ordination of, 10

    papers of, 225–26, 227

    paranoia of, 38

    Pius XI private audience with, 55–62, 82, 83

    regrets of, 131, 223

    security concerns of, 18

    self-doubts of, 93

    thoughts about death of, 1

    
See also specific person or topic

LaFarge, John: books and speeches by

    “American Democracy: Its Success and Its Problems,” 34

    
A Catholic Viewpoint on Racism,
222

    
Interracial Justice,
2, 4, 8, 11, 51, 59–60, 82, 90–91, 94, 102, 221

    
The Manner Is Ordinary,
221, 222

    
Reflections on Growing Old,
222

LaFarge, Mabel (Bancel's wife), 107

LaFarge, Margaret Mason Perry (mother), 10, 87, 88, 89

LaFarge, Margaret (sister), 16

Lateran Accords (1929), 62, 64, 160, 173–75, 176–77, 188

Lauri, Lorenzo (cardinal), 155, 182, 183–84

LaValle, Edmond, 135

Lazarini, Father, 177

Lazaron, Morris S., 163

Lebrun, Albert, 84

Ledóchowski, Mieczyslaw, 77

Ledóchowski, Wlodimir

    
America
magazine and, 79–80

    as “Black Pope,” 76

    Communism views of, 77–78, 194–95

    death of, 222

    Hitler Sportpalast speech and, 123–24, 126, 127–28, 141, 195

    influence of, 76, 77

    LaFarge praise for, 145

    Pacelli/Pius XII and, 75, 76, 214, 216

    papers of, 222

    personal and professional background of, 76–77

    Pius XI relationship with, 76, 79, 82–83

    Pius XI views about Hitler and, 75

    reputation of, 80

    style/methods of, 79, 222

    Vatican-Nazi relations and, 76, 137–38

    views about Jews of, 77, 78, 138

    views about Nazi Germany of, 77, 138, 194–95

    
See also
Ledóchowski, Wlodimir, and Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical

Ledóchowski, Wlodimir, and Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical

    and delays delivering encyclical to Pius XI, 134–38, 141, 145, 146, 159, 165, 170–71, 189, 227

    Desbuquois assignment to project and, 91

    and drafts of encyclical, 172

    Gundlach and, 92, 100, 116, 134–37, 146, 159, 165, 172, 194–95

    LaFarge delivery of encyclical and, 115, 116–17, 146

    LaFarge-Ledóchowski letters and, 96–97, 99

    LaFarge-Ledóchowski meeting, 76, 79, 80–83

    LaFarge-Ledóchowski relationship and, 79–80, 82, 83, 134, 136–37, 145, 222, 223

    LaFarge–Pius XI letters and, 145–46, 165

    LaFarge views about, 99–100, 222–23

    Ledóchowski letter to Pius XI about, 170–71, 189, 227

    Pius XI illness/death and, 172, 189–90, 223

    Pius XI receives copy of encyclical and, 170–71

    Pius XI request of LaFarge and, 61

    and Pius XII rejection of encyclical, 214–15

    and proposed redrafting of encyclical, 170–71, 189, 227

    publication of encyclical and, 164–65, 172

    Rosa review of encyclical and, 135–36

    and secrecy about encyclical, 96–97, 99

Lehnert, Sister Pasqualina, 74

Leo XIII (pope), 73

L'Epoque
newspaper, 211

Lindbergh, Charles, 159

London, England: LaFarge 1938 trip to, 16–18

London
Times,
13, 14, 15, 67, 166, 182, 184, 217

Maher, Zacheus, 97, 164–65, 172, 214–15

March on Washington (1963), 1, 223–24

Marconi, Guglielmo, 64–65

Maritime Commission, U.S., 70

marriage ban, Mussolini's, 142–43

Marx, Karl, 25

Maryks, Robert, 228

Maryland: LaFarge work among blacks in, 2, 10–11, 48

Masaryk, Jan, 16–18, 45, 126, 141

Masaryk, Tomás Garrigue, 17

McCormick, Anne O'Hare, 34–35, 50

McCormick, Father Vincent, 54–55, 56, 83, 134

McNaspy, C. J., 225

Milani, Aminta, 23–24, 25, 155, 156, 159, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 198–99, 200

Montini, Monsignor Giovanni Battista.
See
Paul VI (pope)

Mooney, Edward (cardinal), 79

Morgan, Thomas B., 24, 27, 28–30

Moro, Aldo, 174

Mundelein, George (cardinal), 147–50, 205

Munich Agreement (1938), 118, 124, 128–30, 131–32, 133, 141, 142, 161, 166–67, 212

Murphy, Joseph A., 96, 97

Mussolini, Benito

    anti-Fascists and, 156

    anti-Semitism/race issues and, 102, 103, 109, 135–36, 142–43, 158, 160

    bishops–Pius XI meeting and, 188–89, 190, 191, 201

    as Catholic, 33

    Catholic Church views about, 17

    Chamberlain and, 166, 167, 168–69

    Ciano-Pacelli meeting and, 189

    construction/welfare projects of, 53–54

    crooked crosses statement and, 33

    death of, 200

    domination of Rome by, 52–53

    excommunication of, 173, 188

    Hitler relations with, 33, 52, 69, 75, 105, 167, 218

    and Hitler visit to Rome, 12, 14, 19, 52, 85

    Italians as Aryans study and, 101

    Lateran Accords and, 64, 160, 173–74, 175

    media control by, 67

    Munich Agreement and, 128, 129–30, 131, 142

    Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia and, 122

    Nazi-Italy relations and, 102

    Pacelli criticisms of, 142–43

    Pacelli–Pius XI relations and, 74

    Petacci family and, 199, 200

    Phillips appointment as U.S. ambassador and, 69

    Phillips (Caroline) views about, 167

    Pius XI death/funeral and, 187, 190, 193

    Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 75, 113, 190

    Pius XI relations with, 4, 32, 67, 102–3, 109, 110–11, 122, 143, 160, 173–74, 175, 187, 199

    Pius XI views about Fascists and, 1–9, 19–20, 31–32, 33, 74, 101, 102–3, 109–11, 129, 143, 160, 177, 193, 210, 212, 216

    Pius XII and, 210, 211–12, 213

    Schuster comments about, 152

    selection of Pius XI successor and, 195, 197

    tracking of Vatican communications by, 98, 123

    Vatican-Italy relations and, 143, 191

    young Italians' opposition to, 174

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 1

National Catholic Conference on International Justice, 11

National Catholic Reporter,
226, 232

National Conference of Jews and Christians, 8, 163

National Women's Organization, 205

nationalism: Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 91, 171

Nazi Germany

    anti-Semitism/race issues in, 47, 85–86, 101, 102, 109, 115, 133, 150–53, 154–55, 160, 176, 231, 232

    Austria conquest by, 4, 8, 9, 12–13, 35, 47, 75, 100, 143

    Catholic influence on, 231–32

    Catholics/Catholic Church in, 8, 13, 26, 33, 38–41, 99, 105, 147, 231

    censorship in, 39

    Chamberlain–Pius XI meeting about, 167–68

    Czechoslovakia invasion/occupation by, 111–12, 117–18, 120–21, 122, 124, 125–26

    and Germans as Aryans, 101

    Italy relations with, 102, 103, 121

    Kristallnacht in, 150–53

    LaFarge on border between France and, 36–38

    Pacelli/Pius XII and, 74, 100, 105, 205, 211, 213, 229, 230

    Pius XI and, 4, 19–20, 22, 25–27, 49, 69, 72, 75, 97, 102, 130, 147, 161, 163, 164, 167–68, 191–92, 193, 212, 216, 219

    Pius XI death and, 190, 193

    Pius XI encyclicals about, 26, 51–52, 72, 75, 77–78, 97

    Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical and, 59–62, 113, 160

    Poland conquest by, 217

    Roosevelt State of the Union message about, 163–64

    selection of Pius XI successor and, 195–96

    spying on Vatican by, 97–99

    Sudetenland occupation by, 133

    U.S. diplomatic relations with, 69, 151

    U.S. divisiveness about, 141

    Vatican influence on, 231–32

    Vatican relations with, 25, 26–27, 33, 75, 82, 97–99, 128–30, 137–38, 143–44, 161, 176, 213, 231

    
See also
Munich Agreement; Nazi Germany;
specific person or topic

Neurath, Konstantin, Baron von, 167

New York City: German views about, 39–40

New York Herald,
66

New York Stock Exchange, 125

New York Times

    British-Czech relations and, 17

    German-Jews stories in, 46

    Kristallnacht reports in, 151

    LaFarge comment about civil rights in, 224

    on LaFarge Sr. as artist, 88

    McCormick article in, 34–35

    on Mussolini-Hitler relationship, 167

    Pacelli accident reported in, 207

    Pacelli election/coronation as pope and, 204–5, 211

    on Pius XI appearance/illness, 22, 23

    Pius XI death report in, 190

    Pius XI first radio broadcast report in, 65

    Pius XII peace initiatives and, 213

    and reaction to Pius XI death, 181–82, 194

    Tisserant allegations and, 201

    Tisserant files story in, 229

    tracking of ships in New York harbor by, 7–8

    Vatican-Italy relations story in, 190

New York Tribune,
211

New York World Telegram
: Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical announcement in, 159–60

Oberlohna, Nicholas Boehm, 42

O'Brien, Conor Cruise, 231

O'Connell, William (cardinal), 205

Osservatore Romano

    Hitler editorials in, 130

    Hitler visit to Rome and, 20–21, 32

    Hurley radio address comments in, 217

    Kristallnacht and, 151

    LaFarge–Pius XI meeting published in, 82

    Pius XI criticism of Mussolini in, 102

    on Pius XI health, 179

    Pius XI influence and, 67

    Pius XI–LaFarge encyclical comment in, 91

    Pius XI Spanish Civil War comments in, 106

    Pius XI statement about dangers of Nazi Germany as compared with Russia in, 161

    Pius XI views about Munich Agreement in, 129

    Pius XII views about World War II in, 229

    reporting of Pius XI comments in, 22

    Roosevelt statements in, 122, 144