Read The Pope's Last Crusade Online
Authors: Peter Eisner
    two crosses image and, 33
    Vatican-Italy relations report in, 103
    Vatican-U.S. relations and, 122
    Vatican views of Hitler/Nazism in, 212
    Vatican views of Italy/Fascism in, 212
Ovecka, Father Jaroslav, 44
Pacelli, Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni (cardinal and Pope Pius XII)
    accidents of, 118â19, 207
    appearance of, 73, 74
    beatification of, 230
    birthday of, 206
    choice of name Pius XII by, 207, 210, 211
    Churchill meeting with, 73â74
    Communism and, 71, 79
    criticisms of, 216â17, 229, 230
    death of, 230
    election/coronation as pope of, 195â203, 204â9, 231
    elevation to cardinal of, 74
    as emulating policies of Pius XI, 210, 211
    in England, 73â74
    at Eucharistic Congress (1938), 47â49
    expansion of responsibilities of, 158
    and first blessing offered by Pacelli as pope, 208
    first message as pope of, 210â11
    Hull cable about Pius XI death to, 193â94
    Hurley and, 104â5, 211, 216â17, 218, 219
    Innitzer resignation and, 13
    intra-Vatican relations and, 211â12
    Italy-Vatican relations and, 100, 110, 188, 212
    Kristallnacht and, 151
    LaFarge and, 213â14
    LaFargeâPius XI private audience and, 58
    Ledóchowski and, 76, 214, 216
    modus operandi of, 216
    Munich Agreement and, 118, 129, 212
    musical interests of, 73, 74
    Mussolini and, 142â43, 210, 211â12
    MussoliniâPius XI relations and, 102â3
    named secretary of state, 74
    Nazi Germany and, 75, 76, 100, 105, 129, 210, 211â12, 215
    and Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia, 212
    neutrality policy of, 216, 229
    ordination of, 73
    papers of, 229
    peace initiatives of, 210, 213, 219
    personal and professional background of, 72â74, 76
    personality of, 230
    Petacci family and, 199
    Pius XI bishops speech and, 175, 178, 189â90, 230
    Pius XI blessing on, 182
    Pius XI compared with, 230
    Pius XI death/funeral and, 177, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 187, 192
    Pius XI health and, 155, 158, 160
    Pius XI influence on, 207
    Pius XIâLaFarge encyclical and, 61, 76, 99, 189â90, 214â16
    Pius XI meetings with, 118, 159
    Pius XI relationship with, 50â51, 57, 74â75, 119, 145, 196
    and Pius XI views about Hitler and Mussolini, 72, 74, 75, 129
    popularity of, 208
    power/influence of, 146â47, 160
    predictions about actions of, 210â11
    religious studies of, 73
    Roosevelt meeting with, 69â72
    and Roosevelt statements on Vatican media, 144
    Switzerland vacation of, 118, 119, 129, 145
    U.S.-Vatican relations and, 209
    World War II role of, 229
   Â
See also specific person or topic
Pacelli, Fillippo (father), 72
Pacelli, Virginia (mother), 72â73
Papal States: dissolution of (1867), 70
Paris, France
    George VI visit to, 84â85
    German occupation of, 217
    German views about, 39
    impact of Munich Agreement on, 131, 132
    LaFarge 1938 visit to, 34â35
    LaFarge encyclical project and, 81, 83, 84â85, 86, 89â96, 99, 105, 111â16
    LaFarge views about, 131, 132
Passelecq, Georges, 226â27
Paul VI (pope), 184, 185, 189, 202â3, 230
Penco, Bianca, 174, 201
Pers Z (German organization), 97â98
Petacci, Clara, 102, 199, 200
Petacci, Ferdinando, 200
Petacci, Francesco Saverio, 198â200
Petacci, Giuseppe, 199
Petacci, Marcello, 200
Petacci, Maria, 200
Pétain, Philippe, 84
Phillips, Caroline Drayton, 14, 68, 120, 142â43, 149, 165â66, 167, 196, 208â9, 210, 218
Phillips, William
    ChamberlainâPius XI meeting and, 168
    at Chamberlain reception, 166, 167
    Ciano meeting with, 120â21
    diaries and memoir of, 227â28
    Hitler anti-Catholic editorial in Vatican newspaper and, 130
    Hitler-Mussolini alliance and, 69
    Hitler Sportpalast speech and, 124â25
    Hitler visit to Rome and, 14
    Hurley relationship with, 104, 105, 122, 130, 144, 148, 168, 179, 187, 217â18
    Innitzer incident report and, 144
    Mundelein visit to Rome and, 148â49
    Pacelli election/coronation as pope and, 207â8, 209, 210, 211
    personal and professional background of, 68â69
    Pius XI death/funeral and, 187, 193
    Pius XI health and, 150, 179
    Pius XIâHitler relations and, 103, 122
    Pius XIâMussolini relations and, 103, 122
    post-Italy assignments of, 218
    Roosevelt and, 68â69, 120, 218
    and Roosevelt views about Munich Agreement, 130
    selection of Pius XI successor and, 196, 197
    as U.S. ambassador to Italy, 14, 68, 120â21
    and U.S. plans about outbreak of World War II, 121â22
    U.S.-Vatican relations and, 209
    Vatican-Italy relations and, 120â21
    Vatican views of Nazis/Fascists and, 124â25, 212
    views about Hitler of, 124â25
Pius IX (pope), 57
Pius X (pope), 185, 199, 230
Pius XI (pope)
    allegations about death of, 198â99, 200, 201, 202â3, 226
    anniversary of election to papal throne of, 64â65, 178
    annual benediction of, 22, 63
    annual Christmas greeting to College of Cardinals of, 160â61
    appearance of, 22â23, 56, 74
    Aradi commemoration of birth of, 184
    beatification of, 230â31
    bloodletting of, 24
    death/funeral of, 177â84, 186, 187â88, 190, 192â93, 199â202, 226, 231
    election as pope of, 31
    family background of, 72
    illness of, 21, 23â25, 50, 76, 138, 146, 149, 150, 155â57, 159, 160, 171â72, 177â84
    influence of, 21â22, 66â67, 102
    injection into, 180â82, 183, 200
    isolation within Vatican of, 143
    LaFarge first meets with, 4
    LaFarge at general audience with, 54â55
    LaFarge influence on, 51â52, 59â60, 102, 221
    LaFarge private audience with, 55â62, 82, 83, 221, 222
    LaFarge views about, 214
    Last Rites administered to, 155, 180, 182, 183, 185
    legacy of, 232
    as mountain climber, 27, 29â30, 31, 186
    ordination of, 29
    Pacelli blessed by, 182
    Pacelli car accident and, 118â19
    Pacelli meetings with, 118, 159
    Pacelli recall from Germany by, 74
    Pacelli relationship with, 50â51, 57, 74â75, 119, 145, 196, 207
    Pacelliâvon Bergen meeting with, 118
    papers/files of, 187, 227, 228
    peace initiatives of, 118
    personal and professional background of, 27â29, 30â31, 74, 185, 186
    Pius XII compared with, 230
    Pius XII as emulating policies of, 210, 211
    radio broadcasts of, 64â67
    reputation of, 57
    secrecy of, 97â98
    style of, 23, 57
    Vatican politics and, 4, 25, 75, 79, 143
    views about papacy of, 63â64
   Â
See also
encyclical, Pius XIâLaFarge;
specific person or topic
Pius XII (pope).
See
Pacelli, Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni
Poland, 133, 217
politics
    Pius XI views about role of Catholic Church in, 214
    types of anti-Semitism and, 92â93
    within Vatican, 4, 25, 75, 79, 92, 100, 129â30, 143, 146â47, 176, 191â92, 211â12
Pontifical Academy of Science: Pius XI speech at, 158â59
popes
    as “Prisoner of the Vatican,” 62
   Â
See also specific pope
Popular Mechanics
magazine, 64
Prague, Czechoslovakia: LaFarge visit to, 41, 141
Pribilla, Hax, 232
propaganda, Nazi, 40, 44, 45
Quadragesimo Anno
(Pius XI encyclical), 91
race/racism
    anti-Semitism compared with, 51, 59â62
    Aryans and, 101
    comparison of U.S. and Nazi, 154â55
    as fraud and myth, 90, 114
    LaFarge interest in/views about, 1â2, 8â9, 51, 91, 115, 154â55, 161â63, 175â76
    Pius XIâLaFarge audience about, 221
    Pius XIâLaFarge encyclical and, 59â62, 90â91, 92, 111, 115, 137, 155, 160, 171, 172
    Pius XI views about, 101â2, 113â14, 152, 160, 161, 168, 192
    Schuster comments about, 152
    Vatican-Italy relations and, 190
   Â
See also
anti-Semitism;
specific nation
Ratti, Ambrogio Damiano Achille.
See
Pius XI (pope)
Ratti, Count Franco, 156, 182, 183
Ratti, Don Damien, 28
Ratti, Donna Camilla, 156
Ratti, Francesco, 28
Ratzinger, Joseph (Pope Benedict XVI), 231
refugees, 85â86, 111â12, 117
Reims Cathedral (France): LaFarge visit to, 86â87
religion
    LaFarge views about totalitarianism and, 162â63
    Pius XI speech about science and, 158â59
    Roosevelt views about, 164
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 43
Rocchi, Filippo, 155, 177â78, 180â81, 183, 200
Roche, Monsignor George, 198, 202
Rockefeller, John, 86
Romania: Jews in, 47
Romanis, Monsignor Alfonso de, 183
Rome, Italy
    Chamberlain visit to, 166â69
    consolidation of modern Italy and, 62
    Göring visit to, 25
    Hitler visit to, 12, 13â15, 19, 20â21, 32, 33â34, 35, 37, 47, 52, 67, 85, 160
    impact of Munich Agreement on, 131, 132
    LaFarge 1938 trip and, 4, 52â62
    and LaFarge delivery of encyclical, 117
    LaFarge views about, 54, 131, 132
    Lateran Accords (1929) and, 62, 64, 160, 173, 174, 188
    map of,
56
    Mussolini domination of, 52â53
    Vatican as city-state in, 62
Roncalli, Angelo (cardinal), 203
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 68
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
    anti-Semitism and, 85
    appeasement and, 130
    Coughlin criticisms of, 153
    on dangers of Nazi Germany, 163â64
    elections of 1938 and, 148
    Evian-les-Bains refugee conference and, 85
    Halifax meeting with, 166â67
    Hitler-Mussolini alliance and, 69
    Hitler Sportpalast speech and, 130
    Hurley-Phillips relationship and, 104, 122, 123
    illness of, 22
    Italian-U.S. relations and, 69
    Kristallnacht attacks condemned by, 151
    MundeleinâPius XI visit and, 147â48
    Munich Agreement and, 120, 166â67
    Pacelli meeting with, 69â72
    Phillips relationship with, 68â69, 218
    Phillips reports to, 68, 69, 120
    Pius XI and, 69, 72, 144, 147, 193â94
    questions asked of LaFarge about, 34
    recall of U.S. ambassador to Germany by, 151
    State of the Union message (1939) of, 163â64
    statements in Vatican media of, 122, 144
    Taylor appointment as envoy to Vatican by, 217
    and U.S. plans upon outbreak of World War II, 121â22
    Vatican-U.S. relations and, 105, 122, 209, 217
    war preparations of, 176
Roosevelt, Theodore, 10
Rosa, Enrico, 135â36, 138, 170, 171
Rosselli, Cosimo, 204
Russia, 18, 25, 30â31, 98, 106, 153, 161.
   Â
See also
Communism;
specific person
Salotti, Carlo (cardinal), 23
Sapieha, Adam Stefan, 230
Schneider, Reverend Burkhart, 226
Schuster, Alfred, 152
science
    Pius XI interests in, 64
    Pius XI speech about religion and, 158â59
Scotti, Tomaso Gallarati, 177
Senatro, Edoardo, 229
Serafini, Camillo, 183
Sheehy, Reverend Maurice, 152â53
Shirer, William, 124, 125, 126, 127
Shrapnel, Henry, 16
Smith, Alfred E., 152â53
Social Justice
newspaper, 154
Spain
    Civil War in, 78, 90, 105â6
    LaFarge book about, 37â38
    LaFarge views about, 105â6
    Pacelli views about, 78
Spellman, Monsignor Francis, 65, 66, 70â71, 103, 180, 218
Sportpalast: Hitler speech at, 123â28, 129, 130, 141, 161, 194
SS
Volendam
(ship): LaFarge trip on, 7â9, 11