The Race Underground: Boston, New York, and the Incredible Rivalry That Built America's First Subway (58 page)

street railways

franchises for

number of lines, nationwide, and power sources for

number of passengers

rerouted during subway construction

vulnerability to weather

streets

congestion eased, with introduction of subways

traffic on

Strong, Sam

Strong, William L.

subcontractors, used in subway construction

suburbs

subway cars

subways

complaints about

electric

first accident

idea of

opposition to

public’s acceptance of

race between New York and Boston, to build

rituals and routines of

speed and capacity of

See also
Boston subway; New York subway

Sullivan, Timothy

Sumner, William Graham

Sunderland, Byron

surveyors of subway routes

Tammany Hall

telegraphy

telephones

Tenth Avenue fire (New York, 1886)

Thames Tunnel

theater in New York

Third Avenue elevated (New York City)

third rail

tickets for subways

machines for dispensing

Tilden, Samuel

Times
(London)

Times Square, New York

Toussaint, W. W.

Towe, Samuel

Towle, George V.

track crossings on separated grades

traffic congestion

transcontinental railroad, and the golden spike

transfers, free

lack of

transit systems

competing sources of power for

consolidation of individual companies into

19th century problem of

precursors to

public vs. private construction and operation of, debate

speed and safety in

transportation

19th century progress in

20th century new forms of

Tremont House, Boston

trolley cars, speed of

Trufant, Gilman “Gil”

tunnel digging

in ancient times

cave-ins

cost of different methods of

cut-and-cover method

fatalities incurred in

in modern times

tunnel digging machines

Beach’s

Brunel’s

English

Greathead’s

for New York subways

roof shield (Boston)

tunnels, subway, diameter of

turnstiles

Twain, Mark

Tweed, William Magear Jr., “Boss”

typewriters

Underground.
See
London subway

underground

acceptance of

fear of

underground utility lines

unemployment

Union House for the Orphans of Soldiers and Sailors

unions

United States Naval Academy

urban mass transit systems.
See
transit systems

U.S. Patent Office

utility lines

buried

overhead

vactrain

Van Brunt, Charles H.

Van Depoele, Charles

Vanderbilt, Cornelius II

Vanderbilt, Gertrude

Vanderbilt, Mrs. William K.

Van Wyck, Robert

Vathek
(Gothic novel)

vaudeville in New York

ventilation of subways

Verne, Jules

Viaduct Plan (Tweed’s)

Vinal, William

Wade & Leverich

Wall Street, panics

Washburn and Washburn

Washington, D.C.

Washington Heights, New York

Washington Monument

waterproofing the subway tunnels

water pumped from subways

Watson, C. W.

Wearing Booth and Company

weather forecasts

Wellington, Duke of

Wells, H. G.

West End Street Railway Company (Boston)

electrification

founding of

ridership

West Side, New York City

Whalen, Michael

whaling industry

Whitman, Walt

Whitney, Elinor

Whitney, Harry

Whitney, Harry Payne

Whitney, Henry Melville

childhood

conflict with Matthews

consulted by William regarding transit

early career

and electrification

family background

inspects his company

last years

loses interest in a subway

marriage to Margaret Green

mentioned

popularity of, as boss

proposes a subway

real estate holdings

resigns from West End Street Railway Company presidency

rivalry with brother William

Whitney, James

Whitney, James Scollay

Whitney, John

Whitney, Josephine

Whitney, Josiah

Whitney, Laura

Whitney, Olive

Whitney, Pauline

Whitney, Ruth

Whitney, Susan

Whitney, William Collins

childhood

corporate counsel of New York City

death of

early career

enmity with Hewitt

estate

family background

interest in transportation

marriage to Flora Payne

mentioned

mourns Flora

Navy secretary

offer to build subway, rejected (1899)

personal life

political interests

presidential candidature, proposed

rivalry with brother Henry

second marriage to Edith Randolph

secretly aids building of subway

secretly undermines building of subway

takeover of New York City transit

Widener’s letter to

Whitney, William Payne “Willie”

Whitney family

Whitney Museum of American Art

Whitney’s Pure Lemon Juice

Widener, Peter A. B.

Williston Seminary, Easthampton, Massachusetts

Willson, Hugh B.

Wilson, John W.

wires

overhead

underground

Wolcott, Roger

Woodbridge, S. Homer

Woodbury and Leighton

workers

pay of

See also
Boston subway, construction workers; New York subway, construction workers

World
(New York paper)

World’s Work

Worthen, William Ezra

Worthen plan

Wright, Orville and Wilbur

Yale University

Young Men’s Democratic Club of Massachusetts

Henry Melville Whitney, owner of the world’s largest streetcar company, proposed tunneling under Boston Common. (
Courtesy of Lee Sylvester
)

William Collins Whitney, New York transit king and Secretary of the Navy under President Cleveland. (
Courtesy of Lee Sylvester
)

Late in his life, Henry Whitney loved spending time with his children. (
Courtesy of Lee Sylvester
)

Alfred Ely Beach

New York mayor Abram S. Hewitt was in charge when the Blizzard of 1888 struck. (
Library of Congress
)

Marc Isambard Brunel, the engineer behind London’s Underground. (
National Portrait Gallery, London
)

William “Boss” Tweed used corruption to kill Beach’s tunnel. (
National Archives
)