The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West (54 page)

M. Clarke’s biography written by, 75, 91

Midvale house of, 183–85,
184
, 193

in Midwest, 6, 105

Montana as home for, 6, 147, 158–66, 177–78, 184–94

in newspaper battle with Monteath, 185–86

Piegan tribute to, 194

Piotopowaka (the Bird That Comes Home) moniker of, 161, 176, 185, 194

in plan to capitalize on tourist trade, 189–90

as proud of mixed heritage, 185

racial bias experienced by, 161–62, 165

refinement of,
172
, 173

resourcefulness and flexibility of, 173

and Royle, 153–55

single status of, 160–61, 184–85

stage career of, 4, 153,
154
, 157–59, 168, 170, 173, 192

as superintendent of schools, 6, 164

teaching career of, 159, 184, 193

visitors of, 190–91

W. F. Sanders as patron of, 159–60, 175, 179

Clarke, Horace J., xx, 5–6,
104, 142, 184
, 186, 192, 200, 204, 212, 237, 239, 244, 289

appearance of, 141–42

birth of, 81, 263, 276

children of, 146

as De-tan-a-ma-ka, 142

divorce of, 147, 201

economic hardships of, 188–90

education of, 81, 90

hallucination of, 143

heartaches and tragedies of, 146–47

in incident of M. Clarke’s murder, 99–103

in Marias Massacre, 109–10, 143–44, 145–46, 150, 151–52

marriage of Margaret and, 5, 146–47, 160

as mediator to Piegans,
142

Midvale house of, 5, 146, 183–85,
184
, 193

old age of, 141–43

in O. McKenzie feud, 90–91

reunion and reenacted footrace of,
150
, 151

vengeance for M. Clarke’s murder sought by, 107, 109, 120, 128

wounding of, 101–2, 105, 120

Clarke, Isabel,
see
Dawson, Isabel Clarke

Clarke, Isidoro, 93

Clarke, John L., xx, 192,
196, 207, 213, 221
, 244

adopted daughter of,
see
Turvey, Joyce Clarke

animals as subjects of, 200, 206, 207, 212, 216, 217, 238;
see also specific animals

as artist and sculptor, 6–7, 195–97,
198
, 205, 206, 210, 225, 235, 236, 289, 291

artistic success of, 211–13, 218, 219, 222, 225

awards and honors of, 212, 218, 236–37

birth of, 6, 146

bust of Two Guns sculpted by, 223–24,
224

Cutapuis moniker of, 215

as deaf mute, 6, 196, 197, 198–209, 212, 214, 236

death and burial of, 239

domestic contentment of, 214, 218–19

economic hardship of, 197, 219–21, 229, 238

education of, 197, 200–204, 205–9

and Ewers, 233–35

exhibitions and showings of, 211–12, 220–21

friezes of, 225, 227–31,
230, 232
, 233,
234

Hill as patron of, 204–5

Indian self-identity of, 197–98, 215–16, 225–26,
226

Indian themes as subjects of, 224–26,
224
, 227–31

literacy of, 204

marketing strategy of, 215–16

marriage of, 210, 213–15,
213
, 288

MHS retrospective of, 195–97

as outdoorsman, 197, 212

patience and equanimity of, 238–39

personal independence of, 212–13

plaster casts by, 233

and Russell, 210–11

scarlet fever of, 199–200

studios of,
207
, 211, 212, 217, 218, 224, 227, 233, 238, 239

teaching and training by, 221–22, 226–27

tools of,
196
, 204, 238, 240

vandalized and restored works of, 231

vandalized property of, 238

Clarke, Joyce Marie,
see
Turvey, Joyce Clarke

Clarke, Judith, 93

Clarke, Malcolm (Horace’s son), 168–69, 212, 289

Clarke, Margaret Spanish (First Kill), xx

divorce of, 201

marriage of Horace Clarke and, 5, 146–47, 199–200

Clarke, Mary Peters Simon “Mamie,” xx, 210–11,
213, 221

adopted daughter of,
see
Turvey, Joyce Clarke

correspondence between E. Sherman and, 220–22, 229

death of, 225

declining health of, 222, 225

first marriage of, 214, 218

as J. L. Clarke’s business manager, 214

marriage of J. L. Clarke and, 6, 198, 213–15,
213
, 288

Clarke, Nathan (M. Clarke’s father), xx, 73, 258, 259

death of, 68

in M. Clarke’s admission to USMA, 65–66, 67

military service of, 58–60,
61
, 65, 68

Clarke, Nathan (M. Clarke’s son), 102, 105, 109, 120,
142

birth of, 81, 263

murder of, 161

Clarke, Ned, 168–69

Clarke, Phoebe, 93

Clarke, Robert Carrol, 93

Clarke family, 3, 7, 236, 243

racial blending as attribute of, 4–5, 103, 244–45

spelling of name, 2
n

tree, xx

Clarke School for the Deaf, 203

Clatsop, Fort, 29

Cleveland, Grover, 166

Clinton, DeWitt, 20–21

Cobb, Fort, 113

Cobell, Joe, 119, 123, 126, 127, 161

Cody, Buffalo Bill, 69

Collier, John, 227, 231

Colorado, 83, 86

Colter, John, 29–32, 33

Columbia Fur Company (CFC), 34

Columbia River, 29, 32

Colyer, Vincent, 132–33, 136, 272

Comanches, 24, 113

Confederacy, 4, 67

Congress, U.S., 182

in Indian affairs, 19, 135, 137, 284

Connecticut, 58, 201

Constitution, U.S., Thirteenth Amendment to, 137

Cooke, Camp, 97

Cooper, Gary, 236

Cooper, Peter, 139

cordeling, 38–39

Corps of Discovery expedition, 13–21, 29–30, 38, 243

Cortés, Hernán, 85

Coth-co-co-na (“Cutting Off Head Woman”), 45–53,
74
, 98, 101–2, 198, 200, 244, 262, 269

birth of, 45–46, 255

death of, 160, 201

marriage of M. Clarke and, 2, 4, 9, 48, 51–53, 80–81, 83, 93, 110

Piegan girlhood of, xx, 18, 23, 25, 28, 45–48

as skilled in tanning, 8, 22, 233

wedding of, 5, 8–10

cottonwood, 35, 198, 216, 218

“country wives,” 80

Cox, Jacob D., 114

Creeks, 137

Crees, 24, 26, 37, 43,
44

Cretaceous period, 177

Crockett, Davy, 68–69, 71, 259

Crooks, Ramsey, 34

Crows, 25, 31, 37, 96

Culbertson, Alexander (Little Beaver), 41, 51,
52
, 84, 262–63, 279

in first Montana gold transaction, 86

marriage of Natawista and, 50, 53, 83, 257

and M. Clarke, 23–75, 77–78, 111–12

Culbertson, Joe, 52

Culbertson, John Craighead, 73

Culbertson, Thaddeus, 262

Cumberland Gap, 19

Curly Bear, 193

Curtis, Edward S., 191, 235

Custer, George Armstrong, 111, 113, 115, 133, 162, 181

Cut Bank, Mont., 197, 244

Cypress Hills Massacre, 1–3

David and Peggy Rockefeller Collection, 218

Dawes, Henry L., 166–67

Dawes Act,
see
General Allotment Act

Dawson, Andrew, 84–85, 263

Dawson, Isabel Clarke, xx, 85, 100, 160, 200, 201

birth of, 81, 263

Dawson, Thomas, xx, 85, 201

deafness, 210

bias against, 214–15

and education, 201–4, 205–9;
see also specific schools

languages of, 203–4, 211

see also
Clarke, John L., as deaf mute

Deer Lodge Valley, 84, 131

Delawares, 48

DeMille, Cecil B., 153

Democratic Party, 42, 163–64, 274

Deroin, Mitchell, 173

De Smet, Pierre-Jean, 92

De-tan-a-ma-ka (the Man Who Stands Alone with His Gun), 142

de Trobriand, Philippe Régis, 105–7,
107
, 112,
112
, 114, 116–17, 120–21, 124, 129, 131, 140

Detroit, Mich., 59

Devil’s Lake, N.Dak., 201, 204

Devlin, Mary, 155

De Young, Joe, 210

Dickens, Charles, 54

Distant Bear, 45

divorce, 50, 53, 147, 214

Doane, Gustavus Cheyney “Gus,” 127–28,
130
, 272

dogs, 37, 113, 202

in Indian culture, 22, 23, 41, 43, 125, 195, 233

Double Strike Woman (Martha), 145

Douglass, Frederick, 40

Drips, Andrew, 42

Drouillard, George, 15–17, 30, 31–32

duels, 56–57, 62

Eagle Ribs,
25

Earth Woman, 80,
145
, 256

East Glacier Park, Mont.:

Clarke home at, 5, 141, 146–47, 151, 278

J. L. Clarke’s long residency in, 197, 209

J. L. Clarke’s studio at, 207, 211, 212, 217, 218, 224, 227, 233, 238, 239

“ecological Indian,” 205

Ellis, Fort, 109, 110, 118, 129–30,
130

engagés
, 50

England, English:

in colonial America, 18–19

imperialistic goal of, 14, 58

Indian alliances with, 19–20, 59

in trade, 27–29

Episcopalians, 79

Erie Canal, 20–21, 45, 65

Europe, Helen Clarke’s reputation in, 158

Ewers, John C., 233–35, 241, 242

expansionism, U.S., 12–13, 18–19, 59, 62, 118, 134, 272

Fallen Timbers, Battle of, 19, 59

Fergus, Andrew,
150
, 151

Fetterman Massacre, 122

Field, Joseph and Reuben, 16–17

Fighting Buffaloes
(J. L. Clarke), 217–18

Finney, Charles Grandison, 42

“first American West,” 19

First Kill,
see
Clarke, Margaret Spanish

Fisk, Elizabeth Chester “Lizzie,” 161–62, 165

Fisk, Robert, 161–62

Flatheads, 26, 89

“fleshing,” 46

Fletcher, Alice, 170, 174, 282

Fog Eater, 143

Font, Juan, 222

Fools Crow
(Welch), 1–2, 269

Forest and Stream
, 181

“forlorn hope” expedition, 37

Fort Laramie, Treaty of, 171

Fort MacKenzie, August 28th 1833
(Bodmer), 44

Fort McKenzie Massacre, 76–77

Fort Union on the Missouri
(Bodmer),
35

Fort Wayne, Ind., 59–60

Four Bears,
see
Clarke, E. Malcolm

“four hundred, the,” 164, 185

France, French:

in fur trade, 26–27

imperialistic goal of, 58

loss of Louisiana by, 10–13

U.S. alliance with, 58

Frohman, Daniel, 158

fur trade, 3, 5, 8–9, 59, 119, 163, 244

alcohol use and, 42

Astor in, 32–34

beaver in, 26–28, 31, 39

in Blackfeet country, 30–31

buffalo robes in, 39–40, 92

decline of, 91–92, 262

dressing of skins in, 8, 22

Indians in, 17, 33, 35–37,
35
, 41, 62

intermarriage and, 9, 48–50

M. Clarke in, 2, 8, 73–75, 78–79, 90, 91

Montana in,
10

in Piegan-white enmity, 28–29

Gallaudet, Thomas Hopkins, 220

Gallaudet College, 201, 220

Gallery of Outstanding Montanans, 7, 192, 236–37

Galpin, Fort, 91

Galveston, Tex., 70

gantlet, running of the, 63–64

Garfield, James A., 137

Garrison, William Lloyd, 137–40

Gates of the Mountains, 92

Gay, Jane, 170

General Allotment Act (Dawes Act;

Dawes Severalty Act; 1887), 166–67, 170, 171, 189

George Heavy Runner, 249

Germans, 32, 34, 40

Gettysburg, Battle of, 116, 118

gifts:

in Corps of Discovery expedition, 14, 16