The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West (57 page)
Read The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West Online
Authors: Andrew R. Graybill
Tags: #History, #Native American, #United States, #19th Century
accolades for, 131
as Army commanding general, 113, 115
condemnation of, 137, 139–40
in March to the Sea, 114
in Marias Massacre debate, 133
Sherry, Louis, 158
Shoshones, 14, 23–26, 243
Side Hill Calf, 17
Sieben Ranch, 98, 267
sign language:
of deaf, 203–4, 214, 218, 219
Indian, 16–17, 204, 211, 212, 227
Siksikau (“black foot”; “black feet”), 28
three groups of, 14
Silent Call, The
(Royle), 153–55, 158
Sioux, 62, 63, 122, 141, 171, 217
Sioux Indian Museum, 231
Siquieros, David Alfaro, 228
slavery, 40, 49, 76, 155
activists against, 137–41, 275
slave uprisings, 11
smallpox, 2, 43, 126, 128–29, 132, 199, 254
Smith, Joseph, 40
Snelling, Fort, 60–63,
61, 64
, 67, 258
Snelling, Josiah, 60, 63–65
solar eclipse, 41
Sophie of Württemberg, Queen of the Netherlands, 158
South Platte River, gold rush at, 86
Spain, imperialistic goal of, 14, 85
Spear, Anson Rudolph, 201–4
Spear, Julia, 202
Spear Woman, 129
Split Upper Lip, 63–64
Spokane Art Association, 218
Spopee (Turtle), 279, 289
spotted fever, 58
spyglass, 99
squaw man, 81–82
Squaw Man, The
(Royle), 153
Squires, Lewis, 72–73
Standing Bear, 171–72
Stanford University, 241
starvation, 113, 177, 178, 180, 185
steamboats, 20, 41–42, 43, 65, 83, 90–91, 115, 142
stereotypes, 82–83, 190–91, 205
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 168
Stuart, Awbonnie, 237
Stuart, Granville “Mr. Montana,” 236–37, 238, 266
Stuart, Sam, 237
Stuart, Tom, 237
Sully, Alfred H., 97, 107–9,
108
, 117, 269
diplomatic mission of, 107–9, 117, 121, 125,
145
embitterment, decline and death of, 140
in Marias Massacre debate, 131–33
Sherman’s conflict with, 111, 114, 140
Sumner, Charles, 166, 281–82
Sumter, Fort, 67
Sun Dance, 47
Sun River (Natoe-osucti), 121
superstitions:
bias as, 155
Indian, 45, 174
surround, in bison hunt, 22
Swan, James, 161
Swiftcurrent valley, 181, 212
Takes-Gun First, 193
Taos Society of Artists, 191
Taylor, Nathaniel, 135
Teapot Dome scandal, 151
Tecumseh, 20
temperance movement, 42
Tennessee, 68, 69
Termination Era (1945–1960), 225–26, 231, 242
Terry, Daniel, 157
Terry, Ellen, 156
Teton Range, 15, 107
Teton River, 122–23
Texas, independence of, 68–71
Thames, Battle of, 20
Thanksgiving song, 138
Thick Nail, 179–80
Thompson, David, 28, 250
Thorn, Jonathan, 32–33
Three Bear, 187
Time
, 222
Tinker, Arthur, 173–74
Tonkawas, 172–73
Tonquin
, 32–33
Torlino, Tom, “civilizing” of, 168, 282
Tosawi, 113, 114
tourism:
at Glacier National Park, 182–83, 187–88
Helen Clarke’s plan to capitalize on, 189–90
promotion of, 187, 190
transfer initiative, 134–37, 140
transportation revolution, 20–21, 41, 65
travel:
hardships and hazards of, 38–39, 59, 115–16
improvements in, 20–21, 41, 65, 115
of wealthy, 217
Treasury Section of Fine Arts (TSFA), 228, 291
tricolore
, lowering of, 11, 12
Trumbull, John, 58
Turvey, Joyce Clarke, xx, 222, 235, 239,
240
, 278
adoption of, 6, 198, 218
childhood of, 219–20,
219, 221
photography studies of, 225
Two Medicine River, violent encounter at, 15–18, 28, 30
Two Suns, 50
Under Bull, 9, 45–46, 49, 51, 255
Union, Fort, 38, 39, 41, 50, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 80, 89, 262
building of, 34–37, 253
smallpox outbreak at, 43
trading at,
35
Union Pacific Railroad, 116
Union Square Theatre, 156
United States government:
bureaucracy of, 189–90
duplicity toward Indians by, 89, 133, 134, 171–72, 178, 180–81, 210
Indian policies of, 96–97, 109, 134–38, 166–81, 225, 227, 231
see also
Congress, U.S.; House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S;
specific departments
United States Military Academy (USMA; West Point), 54–55, 67, 68, 118,
119
M. Clarke’s education at, 66–67, 69, 73, 75, 104
M. Clarke’s expulsion from, 5, 9, 28, 56, 57, 67–68, 67, 69, 70, 71, 73
Upham, William, 147–48
Upson, Gad, 94
Van Cleve, Charlotte Ouisconsin, 60–61, 63–65,
64
, 68, 80, 103, 105, 142, 200, 269
Helen Clarke and, 157
personal reminiscences of, 65, 66, 70
Van Cleve, Horatio, 68
Vancouver Island, 33
Vanderbilt, Mrs. George W., 183
vigilantes, 88, 159, 266
violence:
escalation of, 134–37, 162–63
among Indians, 23–26, 31, 43–45, 62–65, 96–97
between Indians and whites, 20, 32, 33, 39, 48, 76–77, 91–92, 94–95, 97, 107, 109, 133, 135, 162
by U.S. army, 109–10, 134;
see also specific units
see also specific incidents
Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America, The
(J. J. Audubon), 71
vocational instruction, 203–4, 209
Voisin, Adrien Alexandre, 291
Voorhees, Daniel, 136, 274
Wallack’s Theatre, 156
Walsh, Thomas J., 151
War Department, U.S., 73, 114, 142, 148
in transfer initiative, 132–37, 140
War of 1812, 20, 33–34, 58, 67
Washburn, Cadwallader, 220
Washburn-Langford expedition, 127
Washita River, Battle of, 115–16, 121, 133
Wayne, “Mad Anthony,” 59
Weatherwax, Marvin, 227
Weatherwax, Willie, 226–27
Weiser, Peter, 30
Welch, James, 1–2, 269
West Point, N.Y., 54, 65
military academy at,
see
United States Military Academy
Wheeler, Mary C., 211–12
Wheeler-Howard Act (1934), 227
Whig party, 42
Whistler, John, 59
white Americans:
first incursions of, 26–28, 229, 232
Indians compared with, 18
Indian themes celebrated by, 225
influx into West by, 1–2, 18–19, 32, 42, 59, 62, 83–84, 86, 88, 94,
95
, 121, 162–63, 171, 177
misperceptions about Indians by, 47, 154, 163, 186, 189, 190–91
racism of, 93–94, 114, 131, 138–39, 154–55, 163, 186, 189, 197
renaming of landscape features by, 193–94
in Texas, 68–69
see also napikwans
White Buffalo, 44–45
White Calf, 223
White Calf, James, 223
Whitefish, Mont., 213, 288
White Lodge Pole, 51
White Quiver, The
(H. F. Sanders), 191
Whitman, Walt, 82–83, 264
Wilhelm I, Kaiser, 158
Wilson, Woodrow, 279
Winnebago, Fort, 65, 68
Winnebagos, 65
Winter Garden Theatre, 157
Wisconsin, 19, 65, 212
Wissler, Clark, 233, 241
women:
bias against, 174, 180
in Indian culture, 24–25, 45–48, 64, 233, 255
suffrage movement of, 138, 164, 190
as teachers, 159, 174
white, marriage preference for, 83
Wood, Maria, 16
woodcarving, 195–97, 204, 206, 209, 211, 226
see also specific works
Works Progress Administration, 231
World War I, 4, 190, 211, 215
Wounded Knee, 2, 110
Wyoming, 35
Yale College, 58, 166
yellow fever, 11
Yellow Stone
, 41–42
Yellowstone National Park, 103, 127, 182
Yellowstone River and Valley, 16, 29, 30, 35
Yosemite National Park, 233
Andrew R. Graybill was born and raised in San Antonio, Texas, and educated at Yale (B.A.), Trinity (M.A.T.), and Princeton (M.A., Ph.D.) universities. From 2003 to 2011 he taught in the history department at the University of Nebraska, before moving to Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, where he is associate professor of history and director of the William P. Clements Center for Southwest Studies. He is the author of
Policing the Great Plains: Rangers, Mounties, and the North American Frontier,
1875–1910 (2007), and co-editor (with Benjamin H. Johnson) of
Bridging National Borders in North America: Transnational and Comparative Histories
(2010). His current book project is a history of the Taos Revolt of 1847. He lives with his wife and two children in Old East Dallas.
Copyright © 2013 by Andrew R. Graybil
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Graybill, Andrew R., 1971–
The red and the white : a family saga of the American West / Andrew R. Graybill. —
First Edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-87140-445-9 (hardcover)
ISBN 978-0-87140-732-0 (e-book)
1. Marias Massacre, Mont., 1870. 2. Interracial marriage—West (U.S.)—History—19th century. 3. Whites—West (U.S.)—Relations with Indians. 4. Clarke, Malcolm, 1817–1869. 5. Clarke, Malcolm, 1817–1869—Family. 6. Clark family. 7. Piegan Indians. I. Title.
E83.866.G73 2013
978'.02—dc23
2013011167
Liveright Publishing Corporation, 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110
W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London WIT 3QT
Policing the Great Plains: Rangers, Mounties,
and the North American Frontier, 1875–1910
Bridging National Borders in North America:
Transnational and Comparative Histories
(co-editor, with Benjamin H. Johnson)