The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian Dynasty (67 page)

15
.   Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 359.

16
.   On the debt owed to Abdullah in 1824, see S. N. Spyridon (ed.),
Annals of Palestine, 1821
–
1841; Manuscript of Monk Neophytos of Cyprus
, Jerusalem 1938, pp. 674–83.

17
.   Salibi and Khoury,
The Missionary
, p. 396.

18
.   Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 109.

19
.   We assume that Abd al-Samad carried the letter, but we do not know for sure. Also its content has been surmised from other sources.

20
.   Y. Schwartz,
The Harvest
, London 1845, pp. 450–1 (Hebrew).

21
.   Based on al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 277. With him came 40,000 soldiers.

22
.   L. M. Salem,
The Egyptian Rule in Syria, 1831
–
1841
, Cairo 1989. This book by an Egyptian scholar includes many documents from Dar al-Watha’iq, the Egyptian archive. This document is from file 56, vol. 1 (al-Sham), correspondence 6, Rajjab 1247
hijjra
(1831), p. 248, note 20. It appeared in the British Public Record, FO 78/803, Finn to London, 19 May 1949. On the issue of Hussein Abd al-Hadi’s to Ibrahim, see Schwartz,
The Harvest
.

23
.   On Ibrahim’s visit with the
mufti
in the Holy Sepulchre, see Spyridon,
Annals
, pp. 87–8.

24
.   R. Asad,
The Egyptian Royal Archives
, Cairo 1946, vol. 2, p. 391 (Arabic).

25
.   Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 280.

26
.   Asad,
The Egyptian
, vol. 1, p. 724.

27
.   Ibid., vol. 2, p. 233, puts Tahir’s signature on the document. On the peasants’ revolt in the days of Muhammad Ali, see A. Kinglake,
Eothen
, London 1845. On the revolt in Egypt in 1834, see al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 112. On the letter captured by Muhammad Ali and according to which the sultan planned to attack him, see S. J. Shaw,
Between Old and New: The Ottoman Empire Under Sultan Selim 3, 1789
–
1807
, Cambridge 1971, pp. 32–3.

28
.   Abu-Manneh,
Jerusalem
, p. 6; Finn,
Stirring
, vol. 2, pp. 188–9.

29
.   Q. Pasha al-Muhis edited an anonymous memoir,
Historical Memoirs
(Harisa Lebanon, no date), p. 95; the information was also drawn from a series of lectures given at the University of Damascus, which were published in A. Ghariba,
Syria in the 19th Century, 1840–1876
, Damascus 1969 (Arabic).

30
.   Another anonymous writer composed ‘The Wars of Ibrahim Pasha’, vol. 2, p. 38.

31
.   Asad,
The Egyptian
, vol. 2, pp. 191–391.

32
.   Kimmerling and Migdal,
Palestinians
, and S. Abu Izz al-Din,
Ibrahim Pasha in Syria
, Beirut 1929, p. 169.

33
.   Kimmerling and Migdal, ibid.

34
.   Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 113.

35
.   Abu Izz al-Din,
Ibrahim
, pp. 173–4.

36
.   Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 114.

37
.   A. Paton,
History of the Egyptian Revolution
, London 1870.

38
.   ‘The Wars of Ibrahim’, vol. 2, pp. 100–1.

39
.   Asad,
The Egyptian
, vol. 2, pp. 404–24.

40
.   Abu Izz al-Din,
Ibrahim
, p. 174.

41
.   On Tahir’s connections with al-Azhar, see A. Manna, ‘Cultural Relations between Egyptian and Jerusalem “Ulema” in the Early Nineteenth Century’ in G. Gilbar and G. Warburg (eds),
Studies in Islamic Society
, Haifa 1974, p. 141.

42
.   Asad,
The Egyptian
, vol. 2, file 188.1, quoted on p. 9.

43
.   Ibid., vol. 3, p. 230.

44
.   Ibid., vol. 4, pp. 294–309.

45
.   Ibid., vol. 4, p. 336, file 330.2.

46
.   Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 116.

47
.   As comes out from the description in M. al-Abadi,
Foreigners on Our Land
, Amman 1947 (Arabic), and in Z. Gorgi,
The Famous Personalities of the East in the 19th Century
, Cairo, no date, vol. 2, p. 52 (Arabic).

48
.   Abu-Manneh,
Jerusalem
, p. 2, note 6.

CHAPTER THREE

1
.     Abu-Manneh,
Jerusalem
, p. 2, note 6; al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 119.

2
.     Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 118.

3
.     B. Lewis,
The Emergence of Modern Turkey
, Princeton 1961, p. 95.

4
.     B. Abu-Manneh, ‘The Rise of the Sanjak of Jerusalem in the Late 19th Century’ in I. Pappé (ed.),
The Israel/Palestine Question
, London and New York 1999, p. 43, note 13.

5
.     The discussion is in Abu-Manneh, ibid.

6
.     M. Russel,
Palestine
, London 1834, pp. 17–8.

7
.     B. Anderson,
Imagined Communities
, London 1991, pp. 1–9.

8
.     Al-Dabagh,
The History
, vol. 10, p. 35.

9
.     Adel Manna relies on documents of the al-Khalidi family; see Manna,
Worthies
, pp. 141–2.

10
.   Manna,
Worthies
, p. 118; Abu-Manneh,
Jerusalem
, pp. 19–20; PRO, FO 78/540, Consul Young to Consul Rose in Beirut, 15 July 1843, 4 August 1843 and 2 October 1843; PRO, FO 78/625, Consul Young to London, 21 April 1844.

11
.   Manna, ibid., p. 115.

12
.   Ibid., p. 112.

13
.   Ibid., p. 118.

14
.   Abu-Manneh,
Jerusalem
, p. 22.

15
.   Y. Porath,
The Emergence of the Palestinian National Movement, 1918
–
1929
, Tel Aviv 1976, pp. 1–17 (Hebrew).

16
.   PRO, FO 78/839, Jerusalem to London, 27 September 1850.

17
.   Abu-Manneh,
Jerusalem
, p. 30, note 141.

18
.   PRO, FO 78/839, Finn to London, 13 September 1848.

19
.   Z. al-Peleg,
The Grand Mufti
, Tel Aviv 1989, p. 8 (Hebrew).

20
.   Spirydon,
Annals
, p. 124.

21
.   PRO, FO 78/874, Jerusalem to London, 15 July 1851.

22
.   Kimmerling and Migdal,
Palestinians
, pp. 36–64; see PRO, FO 78/755, Finn to London, 5 February 1848.

23
.   Al-Arif,
The Concise
, p. 259.

24
.   Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 119.

25
.   S. Landman,
The Jerusalem Notables’ Neighborhoods Outside the Wall in the 19th Century
, Jerusalem 1984, pp. 66–8 (Arabic).

26
.   Al-Dabagh,
The History
, part 2, vol. 10, p. 210.

27
.   Landman,
The Jerusalem
, p. 17; Abu-Manneh,
Jerusalem
, p. 3, note 12.

28
.   
Ha-Magid
, July 1860, p. 116 (Hebrew).

29
.   Manna,
Worthies
, p. 119.

30
.   On clashes with Europeans, see A. Scholch, ‘European Penetration and the Economic Development of Palestine, 1856–1872’ in R. Owen (ed.),
Studies in the Economic and Social History of Palestine in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
, Oxford 1982, pp. 10–87, and A. Scholch,
Palestine in Transformation, 1856
–
1882
, Washington 1993.

31
.   A. Droyanov (ed.),
Letters on the History of the Love of Zion and the Settlement of the Palestine
, Odessa 1919, part 1, chapter five (Hebrew).

32
.   A. Hourani, ‘Ottoman Reform and the Politics of Notables’, in W. R. Polk and R. L. Chambers (eds),
Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East: The Nineteenth Century
, Chicago 1968, p. 52.

CHAPTER 4

1
.  A. Hourani, ‘Ottoman Reform and the Politics of Notables’, in W. R. Polk and R. L. Chambers (eds),
Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East: The Nineteenth Century
, Chicago 1968, p. 52.

2
.  Uthman Taba’,
The Strong Men of Gaza
, part 1 (Arabic). This manuscript is in the Jerusalem Shari‘a court and is quoted in part in Manna,
Worthies
, p. 119.

3
.  D. Kushner, ‘The “Foreign Relations” of the Governors of Jerusalem Toward the End of the Ottoman Period’, in D. Kushner (ed.),
Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period
, Jerusalem 1986, p. 316, note 32.

4
.  See Rokah’s letter to Pinsker, 24 Nissan [Hebrew Calendar] 1886, in Droyanov,
Letters
, part one, pp. 768–70.

5
.  H. Spoer, ‘Das Nabi Musa Fest’,
Zeitschrift der Deutshen Palestine-Vereins
, vol. 32 (1909), p. 215.

6
.  Ibid.

7
.  Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, vol. 4, p. 224.