The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian Dynasty (68 page)

8
.  Doryanov,
Letters
.

9
.  I. M. al-Husayni,
Abd al-Latif al-Husseini’s Treasure
, Jerusalem 1985, the introduction (Arabic).

10
.   M. I. Darwazza,
Memories and Notes: One Hundred Palestinian Years
, Damascus 1986, vol. 1, p. 109 (Arabic).

11
.   This information was collected by Dr Mazen Qatatu from the family’s women for this research in the year 1994.

12
.   Landman,
The Jerusalem
, p. 90.

13
.   Al-Dabagh,
The History
, part 2, vol. 10, p. 210.

14
.   Y. Shiryon,
Memoirs
, Jerusalem 1943, p. 177 (Hebrew).

15
.   Manna,
Worthies
, p. 120, based on an interview by the author with Ishaq Musa al-Husayni.

16
.   R. Karak and M. Oren-Nordheim,
Jerusalem and Its Environs
, Jerusalem 1993, p. 274 (Hebrew).

17
.   Ibid., p. 163.

18
.   Ibid., p. 114.

19
.   S. al-Khalidi,
Visits in al-Sham
, Jerusalem 1946, p. 107 (Arabic).

20
.   Landman,
The Jerusalem
, p. 8.

21
.   Karak and Oren-Nordheim,
Jerusalem
, pp. 120–9, and Ben-Aryeh,
Palestine
, p. 476.

22
.   Darwazza,
Memories
, vol. 1, p. 47.

23
.   Al-Qayatli did not mention in which year he visited the city, but he did visit more than once. But as he mentions Mustafa al-Husayni it must have been around 1890 to 1893. See M. A. al-Qayatli,
The Flavors of al-Sham in the Al-Sham Travelogues
, Beirut 1981, pp. 96–7 (Arabic); Al-Arif,
Concise
, p. 308.

24
.   J. Qatul,
The Education in Palestine
, Jerusalem 1974, part 1 (Arabic).

25
.   R. Khalidi,
Palestinian Identity
, Berkeley 1997, p. 69.

26
.   Karak-Oren Nordheim,
Jerusalem
, pp. 120–9.

27
.   B. Spafford Vester,
Our Family in the Holy City: 1881
–
1949
, Jerusalem 1950, pp. 192–4; S. Mardin, ‘Religion and Secularism in Turkey’ in A. Hourani, P. S. Khoury and M. C. Wilson (eds),
The Modern Middle East
, London 1993, pp. 347–74.

28
.   Spafford Vester,
Our Family
, p. 179.

29
.   According to ‘The Report of the Ottoman Education Ministry’ of 1898, pp. 1,246–9, there were five classes. The report is brought in full in al-Dabagh,
The History
, part 2, chapter 10, p. 135.

30
.   Y. Al-Hakim,
Syria in the Ottoman Period
, Damascus 1950, pp. 190–201 (Arabic).

31
.   This was in fact reported in
Al-Hilal
, vol. 22 (1913–14), pp. 1, 603–5 (Arabic).

32
.   A. Yelin,
The Memoirs of a Jerusalemite
, Jerusalem 1924, pp. 172–3 (Hebrew).

33
.   From A. al-Aswad,
The Imperial Visit to the Ottoman Empire
, B’abada 1898 (Arabic).

34
.   Ibid., p. 113.

35
.   Ben-Aryeh,
Palestine
, p. 481.

36
.   Al-Aswad,
The Imperial
, p. 129.

37
.   Spafford Vester,
Our Family
, pp. 246–7.

38
.   Porath,
The Emergence
, p. 11.

39
.   Mattar,
The Mufti
, p. 46.

40
.   A. Yaari,
Memories of Palestine
, Ramat Gan 1974, part 1, pp. 198–203 (Hebrew).

41
.   A. al-Husayni,
Diwan Shi’r
, Anthology of Poems: a manuscript in al-Aqsa without a date (Arabic).

42
.   Porath,
Hajj Amin
, p. 226.

43
.   Ibid., note 11.

44
.   Y. Porath, ‘Social Aspects of the Emergence of the Palestinian National Movement’ in M. Milson (ed.),
Society and Regime in the Arab World
, Jerusalem 1977, p. 13 (Hebrew).

45
.   J. McCarthy,
The Population of Palestine
, New York 1988, pp. 7, 15.

46
.   PRO, FO 78/5285, Dickson to London, 14 November 1903.

47
.   Al-Dabagh,
The History
, part 2, vol. 10, p. 49.

48
.   I. Agmon, ‘Foreign Trade as a Transforming Factor in the Arab Economy in Palestine, 1897–1914,
Cathedra
41 (1986), pp. 107–32 (Hebrew).

49
.   N. Gross, ‘Economic Reforms in Palestine at the End of the Ottoman Period’,
Cathedra
2 (1977), pp. 102–25 (Hebrew).

50
.   Al-Arif,
Jerusalem
, p. 125.

51
.   A. Hyamson,
The British Consulate in Palestine
, London 1940, part 2, p. 461.

52
.   Landman,
The Jerusalem
, p. 68.

53
.   Central Zionist Archives, S/25, File 2911, Sokolov to Kish, London, 19 June 1930.

54
.   See ‘The Wailing Wall Trial, The Report of the International Wailing Wall Committee’ (Tel Aviv, 1931), p. 40, quoted in Ben-Aryeh,
Palestine
, p. 420.

55
.   Y. Yehoshua,
The History of the Arabic Press in Palestine: The Ottoman Period, 1908
–
1918
, Jerusalem 1974, p. 10 (Arabic).

56
.   PRO, FO 78/5497, Beirut to Istanbul, 12 January 1901.

57
.   For a discussion, see in I. Pappé, ‘Understanding the Enemy: A Comparative Analysis of Palestinian Islamist and Nationalist Leaflets, 1920s–1980s’ in R. L. Nettler and S. Taji-Farouki (eds),
Muslim-Jewish Encounters: Intellectual Traditions and Modern Politics
, Amsterdam 1996, pp. 223–63.

58
.   From
Al-Muqtataf al-Mufida
, part 4, issue 22, April 1897, Gaza (Arabic).

59
.   Appeared in
Al-Manar
, vol. 1, issue 6, no date, pp. 107–8 (Arabic).

60
.   
Al-Manar
, vol. 1, issue 41, p. 810.

61
.   M. Asaf,
Arab-Jewish Relations in Palestine, 1860
–
1948
, Tel Aviv 1970, p. 52, note 243 (Hebrew); Manna,
Worthies
, p. 131.

62
.   Ibid., p. 76, note 401.

63
.   Mattar,
The Mufti
, p. 14.

64
.   PRO, FO 78/5353, Jerusalem to London, July 1904, three letters.

65
.   Yehoshua,
The History
, p. 10; Manna,
Worthies
, p. 129; T. Jabara,
Studies in the Modern History of Palestine
, Jerusalem 1986, p. 33 (Arabic).

66
.   Central Zionist Archives, W/125, a letter from Hussein al-Husayni to the president of the Anglo-Palestine Society in London, 10 February 1905.

67
.   H. Ram,
The Jewish Community in Jaffa
, Jerusalem 1996, p. 168 (Hebrew).

68
.   H. Hamburger,
Three Worlds
, Jerusalem 1946, p. 74 (Hebrew).

69
.   
Al-Manar
, vol. 1, issue 3, April 1897–April 1898, p. 88, and also vol. 1, issue 17, pp. 312–3.

70
.   Abu-Manneh,
Jerusalem
, p. 25.

71
.   See A. C. Inchbold,
Under the Syrian Sun
, London 1906, pp. 412–35. A note on the reconstruction: according to their date of birth this could be valid for Jamal as well as for Amin, and maybe Inchbold was in someone else’s celebration. According to the testimony of Amina al-Husayni, such were the rites in her family and this why we used this description as an archetype.

72
.   Darwazza,
Memories
, part 1, pp. 114–7.

73
.   Manna,
Worthies
, p. 131.

74
.   An interview with Haidar al-Husayni, Amin’s aide, conducted by Philip Mattar; see Mattar,
The Mufti
, p. 7, note 26.

75
.   S. Graham-Brown,
Palestinians and their Society, 1880
–
1946
, London 1980, picture 154, pp. 29–30.

76
.   Ibid., picture 17, p. 17.

77
.   See Rokah’s letter to Pinsker, 24 Nissan [Hebrew Calendar] 1886, in Doryanov,
Letters
, part one, pp. 768–70.

CHAPTER 5

1
.     S. Hanioglu, ‘The Young Turks and the Arabs Before the Revolution of 1908’ in R. Khalidi et al. (eds),
The Origins of Arab Nationalism
, New York 1991, pp. 31–49.

2
.     Ibid.

3
.     Lewis,
Emergence
, p. 170.

4
.     I. Tannus,
The Palestinians: A Glorious Past and a Wonderful Future
, Beirut 1982, pp. 22–3 (Arabic).

5
.     Darwazza,
Memories
, p. 174. Muhamad Izzat Darwazza was born in Nablus to a middle-class family. Although he never graduated, he was well educated and learned. Some of the information here is taken from an interview with Darwazza in G. Abu Ghazzala,
The National Culture in Palestine During the British Mandate
, Beirut, no date, p. 37 (Arabic).