The Sultan and the Queen: The Untold Story of Elizabeth and Islam (52 page)

10
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 52.

11
. Ibid., pp. 52–53.

12
. Skilliter,
William Harborne,
p. 54.

13
. Ibid., p. 59.

14
. CSPF, vol. 14,
1579–1580,
no. 71, p. 77.

15
. Rayne Allinson,
A Monarchy of Letters: Royal Correspondence and English Diplomacy in the Reign of Elizabeth I
(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2012), pp. 131–50.

16
. Skilliter,
William Harborne
, p. 51.

17
. CSPS, vol. 2,
1568–1579,
no. 609, pp. 705–6.

18
. Ibid., p. 706.

19
. Ibid., p. 710.

20
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 54.

21
. Cornell H. Fleischer,
Bureaucrat and Intellectual in the Ottoman Empire: The Historian Mustafa Ali (1541–1600)
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986), pp. 72–73.

22
. Skilliter,
William Harborne,
pp. 79–80.

23
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 58.

24
. Ibid., p. 61.

25
. Skilliter,
William Harborne,
p. 120.

26
. Ibid., p. 151.

27
. Quoted in Andrew P. Vella,
An Elizabethan-Ottoman Conspiracy
(Valletta: Royal University of Malta Press, 1972), pp. 41–42.

28
. Skilliter,
William Harborne,
p. 159.

29
. Vella,
Elizabethan-Ottoman Conspiracy,
p. 46.

30
. Ibid., pp. 46–47.

31
. Skilliter,
William Harborne,
pp. 155–57.

32
. De Lamar Jensen, “The Ottoman Turks in Sixteenth-Century French Diplomacy,”
Sixteenth Century Journal
16, no. 4 (1985), pp. 451–70.

33
. Vella,
Elizabethan-Ottoman Conspiracy,
pp. 64–65.

34
. Skilliter,
William Harborne,
p. 166.

Chapter 5: Unholy Alliances

1
. Quoted in T. S. Willan,
Studies in Elizabethan Foreign Trade
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1959), p. 155.

2
. John Wheeler,
A Treatise of Commerce
(London, 1601), p. 13.

3
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 65.

4
. Stephen Gosson,
The School of Abuse
(London, 1579), sig. D3r.

5
. Stephen Gosson,
Playes Confuted in Five Actions
(London, 1582), sig. G8r.

6
. Peter Thomson,
Shakespeare’s Professional Career
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 69.

7
. Andreas Höfele,
Stage, Stake and Scaffold: Humans and Animals in Shakespeare’s Theater
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).

8
. Robert Wilson,
The Three Ladies of London,
1.11–17. This and all subsequent references to the play are taken from Lloyd Edward Kermode, ed.,
Three Renaissance Usury Plays
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2009), pp. 79–163.

9
. Ibid., 2.222.

10
. Ibid., 2.228, 241.

11
. Ibid., 3.32.

12
. Ibid., 3.42–46.

13
. Ibid., 3.53–57.

14
. Jonathan Gil Harris,
Sick Economies: Drama, Mercantilism and Disease in Shakespeare’s England
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003).

15
. Lloyd Edward Kermode, “Money, Gender and Conscience in Robert Wilson’s
The Three Ladies of London,
”
Studies in English Literature 1500–1900
52, no. 2 (2012), pp. 265–91.

16
. Wilson,
Three Ladies,
9.3–9.

17
. Ibid., 9.26–27.

18
. Ibid., 9.34.

19
. Ibid., 14.13.

20
. Ibid., 14.15–16.

21
. Ibid., 14.20.

22
. Ibid., 14.49.

23
. Ibid., 14.58–59.

24
. Alan Stewart, “‘Come from Turkey’: Mediterranean Trade in Late Elizabethan London,” in
Remapping the Mediterranean World in Early Modern English Writings,
ed. Goran Stanivukovic (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2007), pp. 157–78.

25
. Wilson,
Three Ladies,
17.103.

26
. Norman Jones,
God and the Moneylenders: Usury and the Law in Early Modern England
(Oxford: Blackwell, 1989); Craig Muldrew,
The Economy of Obligation: The Culture of Credit and Social Relations in Early Modern England
(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 1998).

27
. John Aylmer to Lord Mayor of London, September 23, 1582, London Metropolitan Archive (LMA) COL/RMD/PA/01 f. 199r. For a discussion of the letter’s significance, see Matthew Dimmock, “Early Modern Travel, Conversion, and Languages of ‘Difference,’”
Journeys
14, no. 2 (2013), pp. 10–26. I am grateful to Professor Dimmock for bringing this letter to my attention.

28
. CSPS, vol. 3,
1580–1586,
no. 265, pp. 366–67.

29
. Alfred C. Wood,
A History of the Levant Company
(London: Oxford University Press, 1935), pp. 12–13.

30
. Susan A. Skilliter,
William Harborne and the Trade with Turkey, 1578–1582: A Documentary Study of the First Anglo-Ottoman Relations
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 183.

31
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, pp. 85–88.

32
. Quoted in Nabil Matar, “Elizabeth Through Moroccan Eyes,” in
The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I,
ed. Charles Beem (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 145–67; at p. 147.

33
. Castries, vol. 1, p. 391.

34
. CSPS, vol. 3,
1580–1586,
no. 150, p. 199.

35
. Quoted in Willan,
Studies in Elizabethan Foreign Trade,
p. 167.

36
. Castries, vol. 1, pp. 413–16.

37
. Ibid., pp. 418–19.

38
. Ibid., p. 419.

39
. “Barton, Edward (1562/3–1598),” ODNB.

40
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 109.

41
. CSPV, vol. 8,
1581–1591,
no. 131, pp. 55–56.

42
. Bodleian Library MS. Landsdowne 57, f. 66r, Oxford.

43
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 114.

44
. Quoted in H. G. Rawlinson, “The Embassy of William Harborne to Constantinople, 1583–88,”
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society,
4th series, vol. 5 (1922), pp. 1–27; at p. 8.

45
. CSPV, vol. 8,
1581–1591,
nos. 126, 130, pp. 50–53.

46
. Ibid., no. 131, p. 56.

47
. CSPF, vol. 17,
January–June 1583,
addenda, May 12 and 23, 1583, no. 738.

48
. J. Horton Ryley,
Ralph Fitch: England’s Pioneer to India and Burma
(London: Unwin, 1899).

49
.
Macbeth,
1.3.6.

50
. Castries, vol. 1, p. 459.

51
. Ibid., p. 460.

52
. Hakluyt, vol. 4, pp. 268–73.

53
. Ibid., vol. 3, pp. 146–47, 150.

54
. Ibid., p. 159.

55
. Colin Martin and Geoffrey Parker,
The Spanish Armada
(London: Hamish Hamilton, 1989), pp. 89–90.

56
. Letters of William Herle Project, Center for Editing Lives and Letters, www.livesandletters.ac.uk; transcript ID: HRL/002/PDF/325.

57
. Conyers Read,
Mr. Secretary Walsingham and the Policy of Queen Elizabeth,
3 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925), vol. 3, p. 226.

58
. Ibid., p. 228.

59
. Quoted in Arthur Leon Horniker, “William Harborne and the Beginning of Anglo-Turkish Diplomatic and Commercial Relations,”
Journal of Modern History
14, no. 3 (1942), pp. 289–316; at p. 315.

60
. Castries, vol. 1, p. 545.

61
. Hakluyt, vol. 4, p. 274.

62
. Quoted in Mercedes García-Arenal,
Ahmad al-Mansur: The Beginnings of Modern Morocco
(Oxford: Oneworld, 2009), p. 115.

63
. Hakluyt, vol. 4, p. 274.

64
. Emily Gottreich,
The Mellah of Marrakesh: Jewish and Muslim Space in Morocco’s Red City
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007).

65
. Nabil Matar,
Islam in Britain, 1558–1685
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp. 22–23.

66
. Carsten L. Wilke,
The Marrakesh Dialogs: A Gospel Critique and Jewish Apology from the Spanish Renaissance
(Leiden: Brill, 2014).

67
. Hakluyt, vol. 4, p. 274.

68
. Castries, vol. 1, pp. 480–83.

69
. Willan,
Studies in Elizabethan Foreign Trade,
pp. 253–55.

70
. Wood,
Levant Company,
p. 17.

71
. CSPV, vol. 8,
1581–1591,
no. 336, p. 154.

Chapter 6: Sultana Isabel

1
. Meredith Hanmer, D. of Diuinitie,
The Baptizing of a Turke: a sermon preached at the Hospitall of Saint Katherin, adioyning vnto her Maiesties Towre the 2. of October 1586. at the baptizing of one Chinano a Turke, borne at Nigropontus
(London: Robert Waldegrave, 1586).

2
. D. B. Quinn,
Explorers and Colonies: America, 1500–1625
(London: Hambledon Press, 1990), pp. 198–204.

3
. APC, England, vol. 14,
1586–1587,
p. 205.

4
. Bodleian Library MS. Tanner 77, f. 3v, Oxford.

5
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 150.

6
. Nabil Matar,
British Captives from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, 1563–1760
(Leiden: Brill, 2014), pp. 71–75; Daniel Vitkus, ed.,
Piracy, Slavery, and Redemption: Barbary Captivity Narratives from Early Modern England
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2001).