The Transformation of the World (272 page)

Sinclair, Upton,
21
,
230

Singapore,
314
,
383
,
480
,
664

Japanese occupation of,
457

as port and trade hub,
277
,
280
,
440
,
452
,
453
,
714
,
729
,
769
,
909

Sino-Japanese Treaty,
481

Sino-Japanese War,
34
,
63
,
216
,
399
,
661
,
759

Sinti,
148

Sioux.
See
Lakota Sioux

Sitting Bull, Lakota Sioux leader,
112
,
140
–
41
,
343

Skinner, James,
103

skyscrapers,
243
,
246

slavery,
73
–
74
,
75
,
698
–
701
,
845
–
47
,
914
,
916

African repatriation and,
845

American Indians as enslaved peoples,
131

British empire and,
132
,
151
–
52

in the Caribbean,
100
,
132
,
843
–
44

and Creoles,
130
–
33

in Cuba,
132

emancipation and,
131
,
132
,
837
–
51

French empire and,
132
,
531
,
543
,
843
–
44
(
See also
Haiti
)

gender imbalance and,
131

harem bondage,
849

health of Jamaican slaves,
177
–
78

literacy and,
791

in Mexico,
131
–
32

plantation agriculture and,
100
,
130
,
151
,
843
–
44
,
850
–
51

population demographics and,
131
–
32

slave rebellions or revolutions,
99
,
132
–
33
,
528
–
32
,
705

and social environments,
128
–
35

in US,
105
,
131
,
845
–
47

See also
abolition
;
slave trade

slave trade,
99
,
100
,
130
–
33
,
144
,
150
–
54
,
183
,
205
,
293
,
324
,
460
,
462
,
698
–
701
,
837
–
40
,
847
–
48

abolition of,
177
–
78
,
451
,
534
,
537
,
541
–
42
,
699
,
841
–
42
,
844
,
849

Atlantic,
61
,
130
–
31
,
133
,
150
,
228
,
699
,
841
,
855
,
857

in British Empire,
177
–
78
,
541
–
42
,
679

France and,
842
,
844

in Muslim world,
382
,
849

in the Sudan,
150
–
51
,
293

slums,
176
,
224
,
245
,
301
,
303
,
307
–
9
,
317
,
834

smallpox,
125
,
180
–
83
,
188
,
193
–
94
,
195
,
239

Smith, Adam,
24
,
25
,
372
,
392
,
746
,
747
,
841

Smith, Andrew,
79

Smith, Joseph,
895

Snow, John,
176

Social Darwinism,
66
,
108
,
432
,
494
,
495
,
513
,
856

social discipline,
451
,
588
,
623

chronometrization and,
71
–
72

of criminals,
622
–
23

education and,
796

policing and,
618
–
22

social engineering, rural settlement and,
369

social history, periodization in,
61

socialism,
31
,
391
,
506
–
8
,
625
,
630
,
643
,
668
–
69
,
674
,
708
–
9
,
795
,
856
,
907
,
917

local democracy and,
601
–
5

sociology,
19
,
903

abstract models and,
24

mathematics and,
24

Solovyev, Sergei M.,
366
–
67
,
815

Sombart, Werner,
53
,
668
–
69
,
704

Sorel, Albert,
522
–
23

South Africa,
20
,
36
,
60
,
63
,
124
,
350
–
55
,
906

Boers of,
130
,
149
,
351
–
56
,
354
,
445
–
46
,
485
,
510
,
909

as British dominion,
419

frontier in,
350
–
53
,
355

“homelands” for indigenous peoples,
352
–
53

literature in,
20

as penal colony,
547

per Capita GDP in,
169

slavery in,
843
,
853

suffrage in,
599

South African War,
36
,
63
,
229
,
279

South America

indigenous peoples of,
132
,
348
–
50
,
684
,
787
,
834

migration to,
129

South American Indians,
132
,
347
–
49
,
348
–
50
,
684
,
787
,
834

South Asia,
97

See also
India

Southeast Asia

agriculture in,
211
,
226
,
256
,
675
,
679
,
683
,
709

Chinese in,
157
,
161
–
63
,
550
–
51
,
561
,
724
,
726

colonialism in,
64
,
401
–
2
,
438
,
822

disease epidemics in,
190

migration in,
146
–
47
,
157
,
159
,
161
–
63
,
323

monarchies in,
580
–
84

natural resources in,
378
–
79
,
383

religion in,
838
,
887
,
894
,
896
,
911

“spiral” social history in,
68

use of term,
82

See also
Indochina
;
Indonesia
;
Philippines
;

specific countries

South Manchurian Railroad Company,
445
–
48

Soviet Union,
172
,
201
,
907

Spa, Belgium,
265

space

as arena of contact,
96

astronomic regularities and,
78

borders and definition of,
110
–
13

Chinese constructions of,
91
–
94
,
104
,
106

cities as organized,
241
–
49
,
315
–
19

core and peripheral,
109

as culturally defined,
95

diasporas as discontinuous social spaces,
109
–
10

as distribution of places,
94

as environment,
95

frontier as,
326

grid system and rationalization of,
105
–
6

as landscape,
95

and mathematics,
77

metageography and,
78
–
86

natural perception of,
77

rationalization and ordering of,
104

as region,
95
–
96

relativity of spatial perspective,
86
–
87

Russia and ordering of,
106

state and ordering and governing of,
104
–
7

as territory,
78

US and ordering of,
104
–
5

Spain,
643

as colonial power,
89

emigration from,
129
–
30

imperial decline of,
100

per Capita GDP in,
169

population of,
122
–
23

Spanish-American War,
46
,
63
,
363
,
395
,
399
,
483
,
536

War of the Spanish Sucession,
125

Spanish-American War,
46
,
63
,
363
,
395
,
399
,
483
,
536

Spanish Empire,
827

colonial cities,
283

Cuba and,
854

currency in,
730
–
31

decline of,
400
,
418

Latin American revolutions and,
532
–
37

and migration to,
129

public health in,
181

spas,
265

Speer, Albert,
319
,
848

Spencer, Herbert,
24
,
630
,
746
,
814
,
903

Spengler, Oswald,
837

spiral, oscillating model of social history,
68

Spirit Dance movement of North American Indians,
896

Spontini, Gaspare,
6

standardization,
69
–
71
,
230
–
31
,
247
,
284
,
310
,
510
,
673
,
723
–
24
,
730
–
31

standard of living,
175

quality of life contrasted with,
167
–
68

Stanley, Henry Morton,
441
,
822

starvation,
40
,
121
,
124
,
126
,
159
,
198
–
211
,
203
–
6
,
224
,
240
,
678
,
834

the state

boundaries or borders and definition of,
110
,
112
–
13

bureaucracy and,
573
,
605
–
8

enforcement of order by,
574
–
75
,
618
–
22
,
618
–
23
,
704

land as property of,
105

military development and,
573
,
616
–
18

nationalism and,
629
–
33

penal system as moral instrument of,
622
–
23

political orders and,
573
,
575
–
79
,
592
–
93

and provision of public goods,
389
–
90
,
573
,
622
–
25

reforms initiated by,
627
–
29

rule of law and,
594
–
98
,
607
,
745

space as ordered and governed by,
104
–
7

strong state doctrines,
629
–
30

taxation and,
282
,
390
,
452
–
53
,
534
,
573
,
615
–
16
,
732
,
909

territoriality and,
78
,
107
–
8
,
112
–
13

See also
nation-states

statistics,
17
,
29

comparative urban,
251

as measure of mobility,
117

as political rhetoric,
28
–
29

status, social

class as conceptualization of,
747
–
49

employment opportunities and,
697

industrialization and formation of,
61