The Transformation of the World (273 page)

language and,
787

literacy or education and,
795
–
96
,
824

literature and,
20

longevity and,
170
–
71

migration and,
131
,
165

mixed-race “hybridity” and,
103

port cities and,
283
–
84

repressive racism and,
857

revolution and disruption of,
529

segregation and,
287
–
88

slavery and,
61
,
131

social hierarchy and,
914
–
18

state and creation of,
747
–
49

statistics and categorization,
29

wealth and,
218
–
19

See also
aristocracies
;
bourgeoisie or middle class
;
caste systems
;
peasants

Stead, W. T.,
36

steam engines,
62
,
64
,
74
,
381
,
390
,
430
,
646
–
47
,
652
,
654
–
55
,
657

steamships,
38
,
64
,
97
,
161
–
62
,
277
–
80
,
387
,
694
,
712
–
15
,
721
,
728
–
29
,
908
,
911

steel,
220
,
273
,
278
,
295
,
381
,
485
,
649
,
656
,
661
,
663
,
713

Steiner, Rudolf,
813

Steinfeld, Robert,
706

Stewart, Alexander T.,
231

Stolypin, Pyotr,
366
,
369
,
677
,
703

Stowe, Harriet Beecher,
700

streetcars,
246
,
303
,
305
–
6
,
310
,
911

strikes,
66
,
280
–
81
,
561
,
723
,
764
,
848

sub-Saharan Africa

exploration of,
79

famine in,
205

as frontier,
112
,
374

nomadic pastoralism and,
112
,
149

population decline in,
126
,
153

secondary empire building in,
445

slavery in,
851

smith craft in,
685

social status in,
223
,
766
–
67

suburbs,
284
,
287
,
293
,
297
,
300
,
307
–
11
,
314
,
333
,
761

national styles of,
308

social class and,
224
,
307
–
11
,
308

transportation and,
303
–
4
,
307
–
8
,
761
,
776
,
777

Sudan,
63
,
106
,
127
,
149
,
201
,
420
,
447
,
488
,
617

slave trade in,
150
–
51
,
293

See also
Mahdi movement

Suez Canal,
97
,
164
,
277
,
292
,
401
,
501
,
689
–
92
,
711
,
714
,
728
,
741
–
42

Suez crisis (1956),
405
,
770

suffrage,
55
,
404
,
507
,
546
,
579
,
594
,
599
–
600
,
602
–
3
,
700

Sufi orders,
164
,
888

sugar,
132
–
33
,
158
,
228
–
29
,
848
,
850
–
51
,
910

Sumatra,
378
,
383
,
384
,
682
–
83

Dutch in,
442
,
683

Sun Yat-sen,
10
,
138
,
532
,
549
,
566

Sun Zi,
484

Surabaya,
270

Suttner, Bertha von,
509

Suvorov, Alexander,
651
,
910

Suzhou,
251

Sweden,
55
,
101
,
192
,
255
,
443
–
44
,
657

democracy in,
599
–
600

population of,
119

public health in,
175

Switzerland,
24
,
31
,
71
,
112
,
199
,
409
–
10
,
544
,
657
,
658
,
762
,
765
–
66
,
772
–
73
,
806
,
813
,
905

governance in,
579
,
599

industrialization in,
647
,
675

internationalization and,
511

international relations,
409
–
10
,
432
–
33
,
688
,
737

migration and,
137
,
145
,
199

population of,
118
,
137

Sybel, Heinrich von,
522
–
23

Syria,
106
,
447
,
498
,
716

Szücs, Jenö,
102

Tagore, Rabindranath,
903

Tahiti,
79
,
98
,
117
,
125

Tahtawi, Rifaa al-,
903

Taine, Hippolyte,
308

Taiping Revolution,
20
–
21
,
75
,
120
–
21
,
138
,
145
,
207
,
210
,
216
,
421
,
490
,
518
,
522
,
543
,
547
–
51
,
575
,
916

Takashi Yuichi,
811

Talmon, Jacob L.,
532

Tanzimat reforms,
611
–
12
,
618
,
627
,
629
,
775
,
784
,
903
,
913

Taqla, Bishara,
34
–
35

Taqla, Salim,
34
–
35

tariffs,
213
,
216
,
277
,
427
,
454
–
55
,
463
,
476
,
494
,
557
,
616
,
660
,
662
,
667
,
729
,
732
,
862

Tasmania,
125
,
276
,
387

Tata, Jamshedji,
663
–
64
,
688
,
713

Tatars,
60
,
140
,
287
,
299
,
358
,
361
,
362
,
693

taxation,
107
,
210
,
615
–
16
,
683
,
732
,
740
,
909

taxonomic classification,
14
–
15
,
29
,
464
,
622
,
858

Taylor, Edward Burnett,
313
,
887

Taylor, Frederick Winslow,
508

Taylor, Harriet,
508

Taylor, J. Hudson,
892

Tay Son uprising,
519
–
20

tea,
57
,
147
,
228
,
729
,
732

technology,
43
,
64
,
272

agricultural,
213
,
229
,
320

chronometrization and,
71
–
72

electrical,
651
–
52
,
657
,
723

and fossil fuel age,
62
,
654

industry and,
63
–
64
,
272
–
74
,
278
,
311
,
370
,
640
,
651
–
52
,
655
,
660
–
61
,
660
–
62
,
666

knowledge transfer and spread of,
92
,
505
,
660
–
61
,
779
,
783
,
796
–
97
,
813
,
894

military,
395
,
433
,
445
–
46
,
471
,
483
–
86
,
488
,
512
,
908
–
9

mining,
267

newspaper presses and printing,
30
,
32
–
35
,
37
,
596
–
97

photographic,
39
–
43

telecommunications,
37
–
39
,
208
,
264
,
320
,
425
,
720
–
21
,
723

See also
hydraulic engineering
;
steam engines
;
transportation

Tecumseh,
883

telegraph

acceleration and,
74
,
721

imperial control of colonies and,
43
,
425
,
430
,
464
,
503
–
4
,
553

International Telegraph Union created,
511
–
12

markets and,
64
,
721
,
911

military applications of,
266
,
395
,
721
–
23

as network,
37
–
38
,
64
,
711
,
719
–
22

news reporting and,
37
–
38
,
425

regulation of,
722

standardization and,
70

subversive uses of,
722
–
23

trade and,
727
,
833

telephones,
231
,
395
,
711
,
720
,
722

Tenskawata,
883

Tenzing Norgay,
376

territoriality,
107
–
8
,
128
,
289
–
90
,
671

Tesla, Nikola,
39

textile industry,
72
,
179
,
262
,
273
,
274
,
280
,
363
,
654
–
55
,
660
–
63
,
688
,
729
,
732

Thailand.
See
Siam (Thailand)

Thomas, Robert Paul,
641
–
42

Thompson, E. P.,
72
–
73

Thompson, William,
652

Thomson, John,
40

Thyssen, August,
663

Tianjin,
33
,
267
,
276
,
661

Tibet,
82
,
83
,
356
,
359
,
391
,
457
,
481
,
488
,
716
,
879
,
881
,
888

diaspora and,
109

tigers,
383
–
84

time

acceleration and,
74
–
76

calendars and,
49
–
52

century as defined timespan,
45

chronometrization,
71
–
74

as cultural construct,
73
,
77

epoch construction,
48
–
49
,
66
–
67

rationalization of,
75
–
76

“social time,”
73
–
74

and space,
77
–
78

standardization of,
69
–
71

watches,
71
,
72
,
74

See also
periodization

Tipu Sultan of Mysore,
447
–
48

Tirpitz, Alfred von,
471

Tokogawa shogunate of Japan,
10
,
55
,
93
,
222
,
254
,
269
–
70
,
388
,
415
,
518
–
19
,
588
–
89
,
665
,
756

Tokugawa Ieyasu,
259