To Explain the World: The Discovery of Modern Science (68 page)

Rupert Hall,
Philosophers at War: The Quarrel Between Newton and Leibniz
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980).

Charles Homer Haskins,
The Rise of Universities
(Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y., 1957).

J. L. Heilbron,
Galileo
(Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010).

Albert van Helden,
Measuring the Universe—Cosmic Dimensions from Aristarchus to Halley
(University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., 1983).

P. K. Hitti,
History of the Arabs
(Macmillan, London, 1937).

J. P. Hogendijk and A. I. Sabra, eds.,
The Enterprise of Science in Islam = New Perspectives
(MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2003).

Toby E. Huff,
Intellectual Curiosity and the Scientific Revolution
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011).

Jim al-Khalifi,
The House of Wisdom
(Penguin, New York, 2011).

Henry C. King,
The History of the Telescope
(Charles Griffin, Toronto, 1955; reprint, Dover, New York, 1979).

D. G. King-Hele and A. R. Hale, eds., “Newton’s
Principia
and His Legacy,”
Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
42
, 1–122 (1988).

Alexandre Koyré,
From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe
(Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md., 1957).

Thomas S. Kuhn,
The Copernican Revolution
(Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1957).

,
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
(University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., 1962; 2nd ed. 1970).

David C. Lindberg,
The Beginnings of Western Science
(University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., 1992; 2nd ed. 2007).

D. C. Lindberg and R. S. Westfall, eds.,
Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000).

G. E. R. Lloyd,
Methods and Problems in Greek Science
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991).

Peter Machamer, ed.,
The Cambridge Companion to Galileo
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998).

Alberto A. Martínez,
The Cult of Pythagoras—Man and Myth
(University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa., 2012).

E. Masood,
Science and Islam
(Icon, London, 2009).

Robert K. Merton, “Motive Forces of the New Science,”
Osiris
4
, Part 2 (1938); reprinted in
Science, Technology, and Society in Seventeenth-Century England
(Howard Fertig, New York, 1970), and
On Social Structure and Science
, ed. Piotry Sztompka (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., 1996), pp. 223–40.

Otto Neugebauer,
Astronomy and History—Selected Essays
(Springer-Verlag, New York, 1983).

A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy
(Springer-Verlag, New York, 1975).

M. J. Osler, ed.,
Rethinking the Scientific Revolution
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000). Articles by M. J. Osler, B. J. T. Dobbs, R. S. Westfall, and others.

Ingrid D. Rowland,
Giordano Bruno—Philosopher and Heretic
(Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2008).

George Sarton,
Introduction to the History of Science
, Volume 1,
From Homer to Omar Khayyam
(Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C., 1927).

Erwin Schrödinger,
Nature and the Greeks
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1954).

Steven Shapin,
The Scientific Revolution
(University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill., 1996).

Dava Sobel,
Galileo’s Daughter
(Walker, New York, 1999).

Merlin L. Swartz,
Studies in Islam
(Oxford University Press, Oxford 1981).

N. M. Swerdlow and O. Neugebauer,
Mathematical Astronomy in Copernicus’s De Revolutionibus
(Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984).

R. Taton and C. Wilson, eds.,
Planetary Astronomy from the Renaissance to the Rise of Astrophysics—Part A: Tycho Brahe to Newton
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989).

Tribute to Galileo in Padua, International Symposium a cura dell’Universita di Padova, 2–6 dicembre 1992
, Volume 4 (Edizioni LINT, Trieste, 1995). Articles in English by J. MacLachlan, I. B. Cohen, O. Gingerich, G. A. Tammann, L. M. Lederman, C. Rubbia, and Steven Weinberg; see also
L’Anno Galileiano.

Gregory Vlastos,
Plato’s Universe
(University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1975).

Voltaire,
Philosophical Letters
, trans. E. Dilworth (Bobbs-Merrill Educational Publishing, Indianapolis, Ind., 1961).

Richard Watson,
Cogito Ergo Sum—The Life of René Descartes
(David R. Godine, Boston, Mass., 2002).

Steven Weinberg,
Discovery of Subatomic Particles
, rev. ed. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003).

,
Dreams of a Final Theory
(Pantheon, New York, 1992; reprinted with a new afterword, Vintage, New York, 1994).

,
Facing Up—Science and Its Cultural Adversaries
(Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2001).

,
Lake Views—This World and the Universe
(Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 2009).

Richard S. Westfall,
The Construction of Modern Science—Mechanism and Mechanics
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1977).

,
Never at Rest—A Biography of Isaac Newton
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1980).

Andrew Dickson White,
A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom
(Appleton, New York, 1895).

Lynn White,
Medieval Technology and Social Change
(Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1962).

Index

The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your e-book reader’s search tools.

Abbasid caliphate, 104–8, 116, 118–19

Abraham, Max, 34

Abu Bakr, caliph, 103

Académie Royale des Sciences, 196, 240

Academy (Athens)

Neoplatonic, 51, 104

Plato’s, 18–19, 22, 50–51, 85

acceleration, 139, 191, 193, 195–97, 226–27, 234–35, 237, 251, 286–89, 339–42.
See also
centripetal acceleration

Achillini, Alessandro, 141

Actium, battle of (31 BC), 31

Adams, John Couch, 250

Adelard of Bath, 126

Adrastus of Aphrodisias, 97, 99, 110, 160

aesthetic criteria (beauty), 150–52, 255, 265

Aëtius, 63, 78, 85

air

density and weight of, Galileo, 191

as element, Greeks, 5–6, 10, 12, 64, 259

falling bodies and, 190, 287–88

falling drops and, 289

motion of projectiles, Aristotle, 25–27, 133

Philo’s experiments on, 35

projectiles and, Galileo, 194

shape of atoms, Plato, 10, 12

air pressure, 134, 190, 197–200

air pump, 180, 200

al-Ashari, 121

al-Battani (Albatenius), 107, 114, 116–17, 159, 207

Albert of Saxony, 135

Albertus Magnus, 127, 128, 176

al-Biruni, 108–9, 116, 119–21, 137, 239, 311–13

al-Bitruji, 112, 117

alchemy, 110–11, 115, 215, 218n

Alexander of Aphrodisias, 96