Tropic of Chaos (44 page)
Authors: Christian Parenti
5
Peter Andreas, “Redrawing the Line: Borders and Security in the Twenty-First Century,”
International Security
28, no. 2 (autumn 2003): 78â111: 88.
Peter Andreas, “Redrawing the Line: Borders and Security in the Twenty-First Century,”
International Security
28, no. 2 (autumn 2003): 78â111: 88.
6
Giorgio Agamben,
State of Exception
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 2; Gopal Balakrishnan,
The Enemy: An Intellectual Portrait of Carl Schmitt
(Verso: London, 2000).
Giorgio Agamben,
State of Exception
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 2; Gopal Balakrishnan,
The Enemy: An Intellectual Portrait of Carl Schmitt
(Verso: London, 2000).
8
“CBP Air and Marine Unit Gets New Helos for Border Security,”
Aerospace Daily & Defense Report
223, no. 23 (August 2, 2007).
“CBP Air and Marine Unit Gets New Helos for Border Security,”
Aerospace Daily & Defense Report
223, no. 23 (August 2, 2007).
9
“Securing America's Borders: CBP Fiscal Year 2009 in Review Fact Sheet,”
CBP.gov
, November 24, 2009,
www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/news_releases/archives/2009_news_releases/nov_09/11242009_5.xml
.
“Securing America's Borders: CBP Fiscal Year 2009 in Review Fact Sheet,”
CBP.gov
, November 24, 2009,
www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/news_releases/archives/2009_news_releases/nov_09/11242009_5.xml
.
11
“Previously Secret Memos and Data Show Bush-Era Immigration Raids Were Law Enforcement Failure” (report by the Immigration Justice Clinic, Cardozo School of Law, New York, February 4, 2009).
“Previously Secret Memos and Data Show Bush-Era Immigration Raids Were Law Enforcement Failure” (report by the Immigration Justice Clinic, Cardozo School of Law, New York, February 4, 2009).
12
“Raids on Workers: Destroying Our Rights,” United Food and Commercial Workers International, 2009,
www.ufcw.org/docUploads/UFCW
ICE rpt FINAL 150B_061809_130632.pdf?CFID=10424600&CFTOKEN=46213002 (page 1).
“Raids on Workers: Destroying Our Rights,” United Food and Commercial Workers International, 2009,
www.ufcw.org/docUploads/UFCW
ICE rpt FINAL 150B_061809_130632.pdf?CFID=10424600&CFTOKEN=46213002 (page 1).
13
“Raids on Workers,” 5.
“Raids on Workers,” 5.
14
Margaret Ramirez, “'96 Immigration Law Causing Rise in Deportations,”
Los Angeles Times
, September 22, 1998.
Margaret Ramirez, “'96 Immigration Law Causing Rise in Deportations,”
Los Angeles Times
, September 22, 1998.
15
“Detained and Dismissed: Women's Struggles to Obtain Health Care in United States Immigration Detention,” Human Rights Watch, March 17, 2009,
www.hrw.org/en/reports/2009/03/16/detained-and-dismissed
.
“Detained and Dismissed: Women's Struggles to Obtain Health Care in United States Immigration Detention,” Human Rights Watch, March 17, 2009,
www.hrw.org/en/reports/2009/03/16/detained-and-dismissed
.
16
Dora Schriro, “Immigration Detention: Overview and Recommendations,” Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, October 6, 2009,
www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/odpp/pdf/ice-detention-rpt.pdf
; Nina Bernstein, “Report Critical of Scope of Immigration Detention,”
New York Times
, October 6, 2009.
Dora Schriro, “Immigration Detention: Overview and Recommendations,” Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, October 6, 2009,
www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/odpp/pdf/ice-detention-rpt.pdf
; Nina Bernstein, “Report Critical of Scope of Immigration Detention,”
New York Times
, October 6, 2009.
17
“Immigrants Face Lengthy Detentions but Have Few Rights Change of Policy,”
Daily Herald
, March 22, 2009.
“Immigrants Face Lengthy Detentions but Have Few Rights Change of Policy,”
Daily Herald
, March 22, 2009.
18
See “Treated As Criminals: Asylum-Seekers in the USA,” chapter 5 of
USA: Rights for All
, Amnesty International, October 1998,
www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/035/1998/en/fd3dc1e9-da98â11dd-80bc-797022e51902/amr510351998en.html
.
See “Treated As Criminals: Asylum-Seekers in the USA,” chapter 5 of
USA: Rights for All
, Amnesty International, October 1998,
www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/035/1998/en/fd3dc1e9-da98â11dd-80bc-797022e51902/amr510351998en.html
.
19
William Fisher, “U.S.: Immigration Detention Abuses Continue,” Inter Press Service, March 31, 2010.
William Fisher, “U.S.: Immigration Detention Abuses Continue,” Inter Press Service, March 31, 2010.
20
Valeria Fernández, “U.S.: Detained Migrant Women Shackled During Childbirth,” Inter Press Service, March 4, 2010.
Valeria Fernández, “U.S.: Detained Migrant Women Shackled During Childbirth,” Inter Press Service, March 4, 2010.
21
Adam Nossiter, “Arkansas Woman, Left in Cell, Goes 4 Days with No Food or Water,”
New York Times
, March 12, 2008.
Adam Nossiter, “Arkansas Woman, Left in Cell, Goes 4 Days with No Food or Water,”
New York Times
, March 12, 2008.
22
Amy Goldstein and Dana Priest, “Some Detainees Drugged for Deportation,”
Washington Post
, May 14, 2008.
Amy Goldstein and Dana Priest, “Some Detainees Drugged for Deportation,”
Washington Post
, May 14, 2008.
23
Tom Barry, “A Death in Texas: Profits, Poverty, and Immigration Converge,”
Boston Review
(NovemberâDecember 2009).
Tom Barry, “A Death in Texas: Profits, Poverty, and Immigration Converge,”
Boston Review
(NovemberâDecember 2009).
24
Barry, “A Death in Texas.”
Barry, “A Death in Texas.”
25
“Locked Up Far Away: The Transfer of Immigrants to Remote Detention Centers in the United States,” Human Rights Watch, December 2, 2009,
www.hrw.org/en/node/86789
.
“Locked Up Far Away: The Transfer of Immigrants to Remote Detention Centers in the United States,” Human Rights Watch, December 2, 2009,
www.hrw.org/en/node/86789
.
27
Kurt M. Campbell et al.,
The Age of Consequences: The Foreign-Policy National Security Implications of Global Climate Change
(Washington DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies and the Center for New American Security, 2007), 85â86.
Kurt M. Campbell et al.,
The Age of Consequences: The Foreign-Policy National Security Implications of Global Climate Change
(Washington DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies and the Center for New American Security, 2007), 85â86.
28
Campbell et al.,
Age of Consequences
, 85â86; “Boyles Guest Brenda Walker Called Mexico âOne of the Most Despicable Countries on Earth'; Said âMexicans Are Good at . . . Establishing Smuggling Infrastructures' and âCan Get Through . . .
WMDs,'” Colorado Media Matters, October 20, 2006,
http://colorado.mediamatters.org/items/200610200003
. A profile of Brenda Walker is available at
www.adl.org/immigration/blogosphere/Brenda_Walker.asp
.
Campbell et al.,
Age of Consequences
, 85â86; “Boyles Guest Brenda Walker Called Mexico âOne of the Most Despicable Countries on Earth'; Said âMexicans Are Good at . . . Establishing Smuggling Infrastructures' and âCan Get Through . . .
WMDs,'” Colorado Media Matters, October 20, 2006,
http://colorado.mediamatters.org/items/200610200003
. A profile of Brenda Walker is available at
www.adl.org/immigration/blogosphere/Brenda_Walker.asp
.
29
“Boyles' Guest Gheen Called Mexicans Who Contend Racism Is Driving U.S. Immigration Debate âBrown Nazis,'” Colorado Media Matters, October 9, 2007,
http://colorado.mediamatters.org/items/200710100001
.
“Boyles' Guest Gheen Called Mexicans Who Contend Racism Is Driving U.S. Immigration Debate âBrown Nazis,'” Colorado Media Matters, October 9, 2007,
http://colorado.mediamatters.org/items/200710100001
.
30
David Able, “Severin Suspended for Comments About Mexican Immigrants,”
Boston,
May 1, 2009,
www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/05/01/severin_suspended_for_comments_about_mexican_immigrants
.
David Able, “Severin Suspended for Comments About Mexican Immigrants,”
Boston,
May 1, 2009,
www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/05/01/severin_suspended_for_comments_about_mexican_immigrants
.
31
Able, “Severin”; “Savage: âBurn the Mexican Flag!'” Media Matters for America, March 31, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200603310008
.
Able, “Severin”; “Savage: âBurn the Mexican Flag!'” Media Matters for America, March 31, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200603310008
.
32
Madison Grant,
Passing of the Great Race, Or, the Racial Basis of European History
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1916). This book shaped the worldviews of people like Theodore Roosevelt and William Randolph Hearst and helped justify American imperial expansion and the racially based immigration quotas of 1924.
Madison Grant,
Passing of the Great Race, Or, the Racial Basis of European History
(New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1916). This book shaped the worldviews of people like Theodore Roosevelt and William Randolph Hearst and helped justify American imperial expansion and the racially based immigration quotas of 1924.
33
“Boortz Suggested Superdome As Place to âStore 11 Million Hispanics Just Waiting to Ship 'Em Back to Nicaragua, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico,'” March 29, 2006, Media Matters for America,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200603290004
.
“Boortz Suggested Superdome As Place to âStore 11 Million Hispanics Just Waiting to Ship 'Em Back to Nicaragua, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico,'” March 29, 2006, Media Matters for America,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200603290004
.
34
“Boortz on Illegal Immigrants: âGive 'Em All a Little Nuclear Waste and Let'Em Take It On Down There to Mexico,” Media Matters for America, June 22, 2007,
http://mediamatters.org/mmtv/200706220005
.
“Boortz on Illegal Immigrants: âGive 'Em All a Little Nuclear Waste and Let'Em Take It On Down There to Mexico,” Media Matters for America, June 22, 2007,
http://mediamatters.org/mmtv/200706220005
.
35
“CNN âConspiracy Theorist' Lou Dobbs Discredits His NetworkâOne Wild Claim at a Time,” July 23, 2009,
http://mediamatters.org/mobile/research/200907230035
.
“CNN âConspiracy Theorist' Lou Dobbs Discredits His NetworkâOne Wild Claim at a Time,” July 23, 2009,
http://mediamatters.org/mobile/research/200907230035
.
36
Lou Dobbs, “Border Insecurity; Criminal Illegal Aliens; Deadly Imports; Illegal Alien Amnesty,” CNN, April 14, 2005,
http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0504/14/ldt.01.html
.
Lou Dobbs, “Border Insecurity; Criminal Illegal Aliens; Deadly Imports; Illegal Alien Amnesty,” CNN, April 14, 2005,
http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0504/14/ldt.01.html
.
37
Transcript of Beck available at “Beck Again Warned That If Muslims Don't âAct Now' by âStep[ping] to the Plate' to Condemn Terrorism, They âWill Be Looking Through a Razor Wire Fence at the West,'” Media Matters for America, September 7, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/mmtv/200609070002
.
Transcript of Beck available at “Beck Again Warned That If Muslims Don't âAct Now' by âStep[ping] to the Plate' to Condemn Terrorism, They âWill Be Looking Through a Razor Wire Fence at the West,'” Media Matters for America, September 7, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/mmtv/200609070002
.
38
From the May 1, 2006, broadcast of Westwood One's
The Radio Factor with Bill O'Reilly
, available at “O'Reilly Alleged Immigrant Protest âOrganizers' Have Hidden âHardcore Militant Agenda'to Take Back American Southwest,” Media Matters for America, May 3, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/mmtv/200605030009
.
From the May 1, 2006, broadcast of Westwood One's
The Radio Factor with Bill O'Reilly
, available at “O'Reilly Alleged Immigrant Protest âOrganizers' Have Hidden âHardcore Militant Agenda'to Take Back American Southwest,” Media Matters for America, May 3, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/mmtv/200605030009
.
39
Bill O'Reilly quoted in “Media Figures Attacked Mexican-Flag-Wavers, but Not Those Waving Irish, Italian, or Israeli Flags,” April 3, 2006, Media Matters for America,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200604030012
.
Bill O'Reilly quoted in “Media Figures Attacked Mexican-Flag-Wavers, but Not Those Waving Irish, Italian, or Israeli Flags,” April 3, 2006, Media Matters for America,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200604030012
.
40
Democracy Now, Headlines, May 11, 2010; Ken Silverstein, “Tea Party in Sonora,”
Harper's
(July 2010).
Democracy Now, Headlines, May 11, 2010; Ken Silverstein, “Tea Party in Sonora,”
Harper's
(July 2010).
41
Jonathan J. Cooper, “Ariz. Governor Signs Bill Banning Ethnic Studies,” Associated Press, May 12, 2010.
Jonathan J. Cooper, “Ariz. Governor Signs Bill Banning Ethnic Studies,” Associated Press, May 12, 2010.
42
Bill O'Reilly, “The Truth About Arizona and Illegal Aliens,” FOX News, May 4, 2010,
www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,592129,00.html
.
Bill O'Reilly, “The Truth About Arizona and Illegal Aliens,” FOX News, May 4, 2010,
www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,592129,00.html
.
43
Paul Rubin, “One-on-One Time with a Pinal County DeputyâWhose Claim He Was Shot by a Drug Smuggler Is Full of HolesâProduces Startling Results,”
New Times
(Phoenix), November 25, 2010.
Paul Rubin, “One-on-One Time with a Pinal County DeputyâWhose Claim He Was Shot by a Drug Smuggler Is Full of HolesâProduces Startling Results,”
New Times
(Phoenix), November 25, 2010.
44
Matthews said Republicans “have a right to fear” seeing a “majority Latino population” and challenged Goodman, “Do you live in a Mexican neighborhood?” March 31, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200603310012
.
Matthews said Republicans “have a right to fear” seeing a “majority Latino population” and challenged Goodman, “Do you live in a Mexican neighborhood?” March 31, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200603310012
.
45
In an NBC plug for Buchanan's anti-immigrant book, Matthews declared that “thanks to this show,” the book would “probably” remain “number one on Amazon,” August 25, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200608250008
.
In an NBC plug for Buchanan's anti-immigrant book, Matthews declared that “thanks to this show,” the book would “probably” remain “number one on Amazon,” August 25, 2006,
http://mediamatters.org/research/200608250008
.
46
Patrick J. Buchanan,
State of Emergency: The Third World Invasion and Conquest of America
(New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2006), 1â2.
Patrick J. Buchanan,
State of Emergency: The Third World Invasion and Conquest of America
(New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2006), 1â2.
48
Richard Hofstadter, “The Paranoid Style in American Politics,”
Harper's Magazine
, November 1964, 77â86.
Richard Hofstadter, “The Paranoid Style in American Politics,”
Harper's Magazine
, November 1964, 77â86.
49
“Broad Approval for New Arizona Immigration Law: Democrats Divided, but Support Key Provisions,” Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, May 12, 2010,
http://people-press.org/report/613/arizona-immigration-law
.
“Broad Approval for New Arizona Immigration Law: Democrats Divided, but Support Key Provisions,” Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, May 12, 2010,
http://people-press.org/report/613/arizona-immigration-law
.
50
Jane Mayer, “Covert Operators,”
New Yorker
, August 30, 2010; George Monbiot, “The Tea Party Movement: Deluded and Inspired by Billionaires,”
Guardian
, October 25, 2010.
Jane Mayer, “Covert Operators,”
New Yorker
, August 30, 2010; George Monbiot, “The Tea Party Movement: Deluded and Inspired by Billionaires,”
Guardian
, October 25, 2010.
51
Ian Traynor, “Sweden Joins Europe-Wide Backlash Against Immigration,”
Guardian
, September 24, 2010,
www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/24/sweden-immigration-far-right-asylum
.
Ian Traynor, “Sweden Joins Europe-Wide Backlash Against Immigration,”
Guardian
, September 24, 2010,
www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/24/sweden-immigration-far-right-asylum
.
54
Bill McKibben,
Earth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet
(New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2010), 145â146.
Chapter 16Bill McKibben,
Earth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet
(New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2010), 145â146.
1
Next Generation Nuclear Plant: A Report to Congress
(prepared by the US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy, April 2010), 23, available at
http://nuclear.energy.gov/genIV/neGenIV1.html
.
Next Generation Nuclear Plant: A Report to Congress
(prepared by the US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy, April 2010), 23, available at
http://nuclear.energy.gov/genIV/neGenIV1.html
.
3
One can find literature on this at the UN Development Program's Global Environmental Facility website at
www.pnud-energia.org.bo
.
One can find literature on this at the UN Development Program's Global Environmental Facility website at
www.pnud-energia.org.bo
.
4
For a great takedown, see Robert Skidelsky,
Keynes: The Return of the Master
(London: Allen Lane, 2009); Mark Weisbrot, “Brazil's Elections Will Matter for the Rest of the World,”
Folha de Sao Paulo
(Brazil), October 8, 2010; Mark Weisbrot, “Who Will Allow Brazil to Reach Its Economic Potential?”
Folha de Sao Paulo
(Brazil), August 27, 2010.
For a great takedown, see Robert Skidelsky,
Keynes: The Return of the Master
(London: Allen Lane, 2009); Mark Weisbrot, “Brazil's Elections Will Matter for the Rest of the World,”
Folha de Sao Paulo
(Brazil), October 8, 2010; Mark Weisbrot, “Who Will Allow Brazil to Reach Its Economic Potential?”
Folha de Sao Paulo
(Brazil), August 27, 2010.
5
Jia Lynn Yang, “Companies Pile Up Cash but Remain Hesitant to Add Jobs,”
Washington Post
, July 15, 2010.
Jia Lynn Yang, “Companies Pile Up Cash but Remain Hesitant to Add Jobs,”
Washington Post
, July 15, 2010.
6
William Alden, “Wall Street Set for Best Two Years Ever, Thanks to Bailout,”
Huffington Post
, December 13, 2010.
William Alden, “Wall Street Set for Best Two Years Ever, Thanks to Bailout,”
Huffington Post
, December 13, 2010.
7
Aaron Lucchetti and Stephen Grocer, “On Street, Pay Vaults to Record,”
Wall Street Journal
, February 2, 2011.
Aaron Lucchetti and Stephen Grocer, “On Street, Pay Vaults to Record,”
Wall Street Journal
, February 2, 2011.
11
Roxana Tiron, “Senate OKs Defense Bill, 68â29,”
The Hill
, October 22, 2009; Robert Higgs, “The Trillion-Dollar Defense Budget Is Already Here,” Independent Institute, March 15, 2007,
www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1941
; Laicie Olson, “Growth in U.S. Defense Spending Since 2001,” Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, March 11, 2010,
http://armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/articles/fy11_growth_since_2001
(accessed January 13, 2011).
Roxana Tiron, “Senate OKs Defense Bill, 68â29,”
The Hill
, October 22, 2009; Robert Higgs, “The Trillion-Dollar Defense Budget Is Already Here,” Independent Institute, March 15, 2007,
www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1941
; Laicie Olson, “Growth in U.S. Defense Spending Since 2001,” Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, March 11, 2010,
http://armscontrolcenter.org/policy/securityspending/articles/fy11_growth_since_2001
(accessed January 13, 2011).
12
“U.S. Individual Income Tax: Personal Exemptions and Lowest and Highest Bracket Tax Rates, and Tax Base for Regular Tax,” Tax Years 1913â2008, Table 23,
IRS.gov
,
www.irs.gov/taxstats/article/0,,id=175910,00.html
. For more recent data, see “Revenues, Outlays, Deficits, Surpluses, and Debt Held by the Public, 1971 to 2010, in Billions of Dollars,”
Budget and Economic Outlook: Historical Budget Data
, Congressional Budget Office, January 2011, Table E-1, 1.
“U.S. Individual Income Tax: Personal Exemptions and Lowest and Highest Bracket Tax Rates, and Tax Base for Regular Tax,” Tax Years 1913â2008, Table 23,
IRS.gov
,
www.irs.gov/taxstats/article/0,,id=175910,00.html
. For more recent data, see “Revenues, Outlays, Deficits, Surpluses, and Debt Held by the Public, 1971 to 2010, in Billions of Dollars,”
Budget and Economic Outlook: Historical Budget Data
, Congressional Budget Office, January 2011, Table E-1, 1.
13
“Dealing in Doubt: The Climate Denial Industry and Climate Science” (report by Greenpeace International, Amsterdam, March 24, 2010), 4; also see Chris Mooney,
The Republican War on Science
(New York: Basic Books, 2005).
“Dealing in Doubt: The Climate Denial Industry and Climate Science” (report by Greenpeace International, Amsterdam, March 24, 2010), 4; also see Chris Mooney,
The Republican War on Science
(New York: Basic Books, 2005).
15
Jane Mayer, “Covert Operations: The Billionaire Brothers Who Are Waging a War Against Obama,”
The New Yorker
, August 30, 2010; “Koch Industries: Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine” (report by Greenpeace USA, Washington, DC, March 30, 2010); “Toxic 100 Air Polluters,” Political Economy Research Institute, March 2010,
www.peri.umass.edu/toxic_index
(accessed on January 1, 2010).
Jane Mayer, “Covert Operations: The Billionaire Brothers Who Are Waging a War Against Obama,”
The New Yorker
, August 30, 2010; “Koch Industries: Secretly Funding the Climate Denial Machine” (report by Greenpeace USA, Washington, DC, March 30, 2010); “Toxic 100 Air Polluters,” Political Economy Research Institute, March 2010,
www.peri.umass.edu/toxic_index
(accessed on January 1, 2010).
16
Christian Parenti, “Winning the War of Ideas,”
In These Times
, October 2003; Kim Phillips-Fein,
Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan
(New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2009).
Christian Parenti, “Winning the War of Ideas,”
In These Times
, October 2003; Kim Phillips-Fein,
Invisible Hands: The Making of the Conservative Movement from the New Deal to Reagan
(New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2009).
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