Voices From S-21: Terror and History in Pol Pot's Secret Prison (51 page)

Eichmann, Adolf, 153

Elms, Alan, 148

Em Chhoeurn, 81

Engels, Friedrich, 50

“external enemies,” 40–43

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 15 Fleiss, Wilhem, 78

Forrest, Alain, 144

Foucault, Michel, 111, 114, 116–17, 149; on torture, 195n3

“Four-Year Plan to Build Socialism in All Fields” (DK document), 54–56, 60, 65,

68, 70, 85

“freedomism”
(sereipheap),
95, 103

Freud, Sigmund, 78, 107–8, 194nn97–98

Ginzburg, Eugenia, 121–22

Goffman, Erving, 14

Gourevitch, Philip, 33

“Guidance from 870” (DK document), 71, 184n84

Hak Kin Chheang, 81 Hak Seang Lay Ni, 61 Hamilton, V. Lee, 137

“Hanoi Khmer,” 21, 46, 48, 176n21

Hawk, David, 4–5, 11, 131

Heder, Steve: on “CIA” in confessions, 93; on democracy activists, 62; on Eastern Zone massacres, 74; on final purges, 76; on racism in DK, 151; on S-21 archive, 49, 50; on worldview of confessions, 81, 86, 87

hell
(norok),
118

Heng Samrin, 48, 74

Hermann, Edward, 45

hidden transcripts of resistance, 99–100

Hiegel, Jean-Pierre, 9

Him Huy, 22, 23, 25, 87, 139–40

Hinton, Alexander, 113, 128, 148, 204–5n17

historiography: in Cambodia, 50–51, 194n96; Marxist-Leninst, 106

Ho Chi Minh, 72, 92, 150; image of at

S-21, 115, 132

Holocaust, 7, 38, 99, 143–44, 151,

154

Horowitz, Louis, 14 Ho Tang Ho, 99 Hou Youn, 62, 63

Hu Nim (alias Phoas), biography and confession of, 62, 64–65, 80

Huy Savon, 95

Ieng Sary, 5, 33, 19, 123, 153–54

illness at S-21, 31 images of S-21, 138–39

“imposing torture”
(dak tearunnikam),

82, 116

Indonesia, massacres in, 143, 151, 155, 198n22

Inferno
(Dante), 118

In Nam, 73

innocence or guilt of S-21 prisoners, 47–49, 175n16, 177n25

intellectuals
(neak cheh dung),
61 “internal enemies,” 43–45, 176n18 interrogation at S-21: different types of,

26–27, 169n37; notebook for, 134–37;

interrogation techniques, 85, 88, 112; and suggestibility of subjects, 187n19

In Van, 99

Iran, torture in, 113

Johnson, Lyndon B., 132, 150

Kae San (alias Suk), 98 Kafka, Franz, 48, 77

Kamm, Henry, 33

Kampuchea Krom (Lower Cambodia), 70 Kang Kech Ieu.
See
Duch

K’ang Sheng, 126–27, 199–200n41, 200n42

Ke Kim Huot, 110 Kelman, Herbert C., 137 Keng Bak, 98

Keo Meas, 24, 53, 54, 57, 66, 116; confession of, 58–60

Ke Pauk, 71, 73

KGB (USSR security service), 54, 125 Kheang Sum Hin (alias But), 80 Khek Pen (alias Sou), 69

Khieu.
See
Son Sen

Khieu Lohr, 23

Khieu Ponnary, 66

Khieu Samphan, 15, 35, 61, 99, 123,

153–54

Khieu Thirith, 69, 93

Khim Phuong, 8

Khim Yu, 105

Khin Vat (alias Ho), 23, 24

Khloeung Run, 98

Khmer Issarak, 68

Khmer People’s Revolutionary Party (KPRP), 59

Khmer Rouge.
See
Communist Party of Kampuchea; Democratic Kampuchea

Khmer Serei, 52

Kiernan, Ben, 150, 205n22 killing field.
See
Choeung Ek Kim Chhoeung, 95

Kim Il Sung, 40

Kim Tuy, 25, 34–35, 67.
See also
Tuy-Pon notebook

Kok Sros, 4, 18, 26, 29, 44, 82, 128,

139, 146, 152

Kompong Thom, 20

Koy Thuon (alias Khuon), 46–47; biography and confession of, 61–63, 181–82n59

Kundera, Milan, 80, 186n9 Ky Suk Hy, 21

La Fontaine, Jean de, 149 Landrac, Colette, 9

Laos, 101

Ledgerwood, Judy, 8–9, 138 Leng Sin Hak, 62

Levi, Primo, 141, 147 Lifton, Robert Jay, 154 listeners
(neak sdap),
141
L’Observateur,
61

Lon Nol, 44, 45, 70, 93

London, Artur, 83

Luckman, Thomas, 124

Ly Phen, 53, 132

Ly Vay, 52

Lycée Choeung Prey, 21 Lycée Sisowath, 20, 61

Maguire, Peter, 25, 87, 139

Mai Lam: on Cambodians, 163n8, 164n28; and Museum of Genocidal Crimes, 4–6; and stupa at Choeung Ek, 144

Ma Meng Kheang (alias Rin), 26, 129 Mam Nay.
See
Chan

Manichean worldview in DK, 9, 153, 204n13

Mao Zedong, 4, 32, 126 ; death of, 56;
Little Red Book,
40; “On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People,” 41, 56, 174n3; on permanent revolution, 173n1

Marston, John, 132

Marx, Karl, 50

medical experimentation at S-21, 32, 171n53

Mey Mann, 76

M. I. 5 (British security service), 15 Milgram, Stanley, experiments by,

148–49, 155, 206n27

Military-Security Commission and S-21, 53, 136n5

modernity and S-21, 108, 196n9 Mollica, Richard, 33

Mol Moeun, 10

Moscow show trials.
See
USSR, show tri-als in

mug shots.
See
photographs of S-21 prisoners

Muol Sambath (alias Nhem Ros), 64–65, 69, 73

Museum of American War Crimes (Ho Chi Minh City), 5

Museum of Genocidal Crimes (Phnom Penh), 4, 27, 33, 118, 138

narrative truth, 51, 178n32, 194n97 National Assembly, 35, 64

National Museum, 52

Nazi atrocities, 146–47, 152–153.
See also
Auschwitz; Holocaust; Stangl, Franz; Treblinka

Neak Ang Kear, 99 Nek Bun An, 21

“new people,” 65, 68, 69, 122

Ney Saran (alias Ya), 24, 54, 57–58, 129; gaps in confession of, 180n47

Nhem En, 25, 27–29, 30, 36, 90, 99,

128, 139

Niven, Douglas, 87, 128, 139, 152

Noeum Moeun, 103

Non Suon (alias Chey Suon) 54, 60, 91

Norodom Sihanouk, 4, 19, 52, 64, 68 Nun Huy (“Ricefield Huy”), 25

Nuon Chea (“Brother Number Two”), 15, 16, 17, 41–43, 57, 153–54

Oeur Iep, 104

Office 15, 22

Office 24.
See
Prey So Office 100, 19, 54, 66, 73

Office 870, 63, 64, 125

Ofshe, Richard, 78

“On the Problem of Hidden Vietnamese” (study document from S-21), 102

Organization
(angkar),
the, code name for CPK, 30, 66, 79, 87, 88, 90, 95,

99, 104, 105, 129, 132

Orwell, George, 152

Pak Chhean, 99

paranoia of CPK leaders, 50, 107–8

Party Center
(mochhim pak),
5, 14, 37,

44, 47, 55, 63– 65, 80, 86, 107, 112,

142

Party security
(santesuk pak),
67 Pasternak, Boris, 144

“peasant anger” in DK, 150–51, 206n24

Pedagogical Institute (Phnom Penh), 19, 20

Peng, 23

Pehn Sopheap, 93

People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK), 4 Pétain, Philippe, 48

Peters, Edward, 117 Pham Van Ba, 70 Phe Di, 93

Pheng Tri, 31

Phok Sary, 70

Photo Archive Group, 166n38, 170n42 photographs of S-21 prisoners, 8, 13,