Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (1114 page)

   Phosphate enemas, laxatives or infusions

   Excess vitamin D intake

   IV therapy for hypophosphatemia or hypercalcemia

   Milk-alkali (Burnett) syndrome (some patients)

   Massive blood transfusions

   Hemolysis of blood

   Miscellaneous

   High intestinal obstruction

   Sarcoidosis (some patients)

Decreased In

   Primary hypophosphatemia

   Decreased GI absorption

   Decreased dietary intake

   Decreased intestinal absorption, for example, malabsorption, steatorrhea, secretory diarrhea, vomiting, vitamin D deficiency, drugs (antacids, alcohol, glucocorticoids)

   Decreased renal tubular reabsorption (>100 mg/day in urine during hypophosphatemia indicates excessive renal loss)