Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (126 page)

   WBC is slightly to moderately increased (10,000–20,000/μL).

   Glycosuria appears in 25% of patients.

   Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, or lactic acidosis may occur.

Laboratory findings due to predisposing conditions (may be multiple)
:

   Alcohol abuse accounts for approximately 36% of cases.

   Biliary tract disease accounts for 17% of cases.

   Idiopathic accounts for >36% of cases.

   Infections (especially viral such as mumps and coxsackievirus, CMV, and AIDS).

   Trauma and postoperative factors account for >8% of cases.

   Drugs (e.g., steroids, thiazides, azathioprine, estrogens, sulfonamides; children taking valproic acid) account for >5% of cases.

   Hypertriglyceridemia (hyperlipidemia—types V, I, IV) accounts for 7% of cases.

   Hypercalcemia from any cause.

   Tumors (pancreas, ampulla).

   Anatomic abnormalities of the ampullary region causing obstruction (e.g., annular pancreas, Crohn disease, duodenal diverticulum).