Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis (1446 page)
Authors: Mary A. Williamson Mt(ascp) Phd,L. Michael Snyder Md
BOOK: Wallach's Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests: Pathways to Arriving at a Clinical Diagnosis
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Interpretation
Expected results:
No growth.
*
Submitted by Charles R. Kiefer, PhD.
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Contributed by Marzena M. Galdzicka, PhD.
*
Contributed by Marzena M. Galdzicka, PhD.
*
Contributed by Marzena M. Galdzicka, PhD.
*
Contributed by Marzena M. Galdzicka, PhD.
*
Contributed by Marzena M. Galdzicka, PhD.
*
Contributed by Marzena M. Galdzicka, PhD.
*
Contributed by Marzena M. Galdzicka, PhD.
*
Contributed by Michael Mitchell, MD & Marzena M. Galdzicka, PhD.
APPENDIX
Abbreviations and Acronyms
| A/G | albumin-to-globulin ratio |
| AA | amyloid A, atomic absorption |
| ABG | arterial blood gas |
| ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| Ach | acetylcholine |
| AChR | acetylcholine receptor |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone |
| AF | amniotic fluid |
| AFB | acid-fast bacillus |
| AFP | α-fetoprotein |
| AG | anion gap |
| AHF | antihemophilic factor |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| ALA | aminolevulinic acid |
| ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase (see SGPT) |
| AMI | acute myocardial infarction |
| AML | acute myeloblastic leukemia acute myelocytic leukemia acute myelogenous leukemia |
| ANA | antinuclear antibody |
| ANCA | anti–neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody |
| ARC | AIDS-related complex (see AIDS) |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| ASOT | antistreptolysin-O titer |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase (see SGOT) |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| BAL | bronchoalveolar lavage |
| BCG | bacillus Calmette-Guérin |
| BJ protein | Bence-Jones protein |
| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| BT | bleeding time |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| CA-125 | cancer antigen 125 |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CAH | congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
| cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CEA | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| CF | complement fixation, cystic fibrosis |
| CFU | colony forming unit |
| CHD | congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease |
| ChE | cholinesterase |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CIE | counter (-current) immunoelectrophoresis |
| CK | creatine kinase |
| CK-MB | creatine kinase MB band |
| CK-MM | creatine kinase MM band |
| CLL | chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| CMV | cytomegalovirus |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CRH | corticotropin-releasing hormone |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| d | day |
| Da | dalton |
| DFA | direct fluorescent antibody |
| DHEA | dehydroepiandrosterone |
| DHEA-S | dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate |
| DI | diabetes insipidus |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| dL | deciliter |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid (also see the Glossary) |
| DOC | deoxycorticosterone |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| ECG | electrocardiogram |
| EDTA | edetic acid (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) |
| EIA | enzyme immunoassay |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| EM | electron microscopy |
| EMIT | enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique |
| ENA | extractable nuclear antigen |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| Fab | antigen-binding fragment of immunoglobulin |
| FAB | French-American-British classification for acute leukemias |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| Fc | crystallizable fragment of immunoglobulin |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FISH | fluorescence in situ hybridization (also see the Glossary) |
| fL | femtoliter |
| FNA | fine needle aspiration |
| FPIA | fluorescence polarization immunoassay |
| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone |
| FT 4 | free thyroxine |
| FTA | fluorescent treponemal antibody |
| FTA-ABS | fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test |
| FTI g | free thyroxine index gram |
| GC/MS | gas chromatography/mass spectrometry |
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| GGT | γ-glutamyl transferase |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| GN | glomerulonephritis |
| G6PD | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| GU | genitourinary |
| HA | hemagglutination |
| HAA | hepatitis-associated antigen |
| HAI | hemagglutination inhibition |
| HAV | hepatitis A virus |
| Hb | hemoglobin (may be followed by types: HbC, HbD, HbE, HbF, HbH, HbS) |
| HbA 1c | glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c |
| HBcAb | hepatitis B core antibody |
| HBcAg | hepatitis B core antigen |
| HBeAb | hepatitis B e antibody |
| HBeAg | hepatitis B e antigen |
| HBIG | hepatitis B immune globulin |
| HBsAb | hepatitis B surface antibody |
| HBsAg | hepatitis B surface antigen |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| hCG | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| H&E | hematoxylin and eosin (stain) |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HDN | hemolytic disease of the newborn |
| HDV | hepatitis delta virus |
| HELPP | hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets [syndrome] |
| HEV | hepatitis E virus |
| hGH | human growth hormone |
| HI | hemagglutination inhibition |
| HIAA | hydroxyindole acetic acid |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HLA | human leukocyte antigen |
| HPF | high-power field |
| HPLC | high performance liquid chromatography |
| HPV | human papillomavirus |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| HTLV | human T-cell leukemia virus human T-cell lymphotropic virus |
| HUS | hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| HVA | homovanillic acid |
| ICDH | isocitric dehydrogenase |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| IEP | immunoelectrophoresis |
| IF | immunofluorescence |
| IFA | indirect immunofluorescent assay |
| Ig | immunoglobulin (can be found as IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM) |
| IHA | indirect hemagglutination |
| IM | infectious mononucleosis, intramuscular |
| INH | isoniazid |
| INR | international normalized ratio |
| IRMA | immunoradiometric assay |
| ITP | idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
| IU | international unit |
| IV | intravenous |
| 17-KGS | 17-ketogenic steroids |
| KOH | potassium hydroxide |
| 17-KS | 17-ketosteroids |
| L | liter |
| LA | latex agglutination, lupus anticoagulant |
| LAP | leucine aminopeptidase/ Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase |
| LC/MS | liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry |
| LD, LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| LE | lupus erythematosus |
| LH | luteinizing hormone |
| LUTS | lower urinary tract symptoms |
| MAO | monoamine oxidase |
| MCH | mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
| MCHC | mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration |
| MCV | mean corpuscular volume |
| MEN | multiple endocrine neoplasia (syndrome) |
| mEq | milliequivalent |
| mg | milligram |
| MHA-TP | microhemagglutination test (for Treponema pallidum ) |
| mm Hg | millimeters of mercury |
| mmol | millimole |
| mol | mole |
| MoM | multiples of the median (also see the Glossary) |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| mRNA | messenger RNA (also see the Glossary) |
| N | normal |
| NANB | non-A, non-B hepatitis (hepatitis C) |
| NBT | nitroblue tetrazolium |
| NIDDK | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |
| NPV | negative predictive value |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug |
| 5'-NT | 5'-nucleotidase |
| OGTT | oral glucose tolerance test |
| 17-OHKS | 17-hydroxyketosteroids |
| O & P | ova and parasites |
| PA | pernicious anemia |
| Pap | Papanicolaou smear |
| PAP | prostatic acid phosphatase |
| PBS | peripheral blood smear |
| pCO 2 | partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction (also see Glossary) |
| PCV | packed cell volume |
| PDW | platelet distribution width |
| pg | picogram |
| Ph | Philadelphia chromosome |
| PK | pyruvate kinase |
| PKU | phenylketonuria |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear neutrophil |
| PNH | paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
| PO | by mouth (Latin, per os ) |
| pO 2 | partial pressure of oxygen |
| POC | point of care |
| POCT ppm | point-of-care testing parts per million |
| PPV | positive predictive value |
| PRA | plasma renin activity |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| PSP | phenolsulfonphthalein |
| PT | prothrombin time |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| RA | refractory anemia, rheumatoid arthritis |
| RAIU | thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine |
| RAST | radioallergosorbent test |
| RBC | red blood cell |
| RDW | red cell distribution width |
| RE | reticuloendothelial |
| RF | rheumatic fever, rheumatoid factor |
| Rh | Rhesus factor |
| RIA | radioimmunoassay |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| ROC | receiver-operating characteristic (curve, or ROC curve) |
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