Who Rules the World? (42 page)

15. HOW MANY MINUTES TO MIDNIGHT?

1.   
   1
   . Wesley F. Craven and James L. Cate, eds.,
   The Army Air Forces in World War II, Volume 5
   (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953), 732–33; Makoto Oda, “The Meaning of ‘Meaningless Death,’”
   Tenbo
   , January 1965, translated in the
   Journal of Social and Political Ideas in Japan
   , August 1966, 75–84. See also Noam Chomsky, “On the Backgrounds of the Pacific War,”
   Liberation
   , September/October 1967, reprinted in Noam Chomsky,
   American Power and the New Mandarins: Historical and Political Essays
   (New York: New Press, 2002).
   

2.   
   2
   . General Lee Butler, address to the Canadian Network Against Nuclear Weapons, Montreal, Canada, 11 March 1999.
   

3.   
   3
   . General Lee Butler, “At the End of the Journey: The Risks of Cold War Thinking in a New Era,”
   International Affairs
   82, no. 4 (July 2006): 763–769.
   

4.   
   4
   . General Lee Butler, address to the Canadian Network Against Nuclear Weapons, 11 March 1999.
   

5.   
   5
   . McGeorge Bundy,
   Danger and Survival: Choices About the Bomb in the First Fifty Years
   (New York: Random House, 1988), 326.
   

6.   
   6
   . Ibid.
   

7.   
   7
   . James Warburg,
   Germany: Key to Peace
   (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953), 189; Adam Ulam, “A Few Unresolved Mysteries About Stalin and the Cold War in Europe,”
   Journal of Cold War Studies
   1, no. 1 (Winter 1999): 110–116.
   

8.   
   8
   . Melvyn P. Leffler, “Inside Enemy Archives: The Cold War Reopened,”
   Foreign Affairs
   75
   ,
   no. 4 (July/August 1996).
   

9.   
   9
   . Noam Chomsky and Irene Gendzier, “Exposing Israel’s Foreign Policy Myths: The Work of Amnon Kapeliuk,”
   Jerusalem Quarterly
   54, Summer 2013.
   

10. 10
    . Benjamin B. Fischer, “A Cold War Conundrum: The 1983 Soviet War Scare,” Center for the Study of Intelligence, 7 July 2008,
    https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/a-cold-war-conundrum/source.htm
    ; Dmitry Dima Adamsky, “The 1983 Nuclear Crisis—Lessons for Deterrence Theory and Practice,”
    Journal of Strategic Studies
    36, no.1 (2013): 4–41.
    

11. 11
    . Pavel Aksenov, “Stanislav Petrov: The Man Who May Have Saved the World,” BBC News Europe, 26 September 2013,
    http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24280831
    .
    

12. 12
    . Eric Schlosser,
    Command and Control: Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety
    (New York: Penguin, 2013).
    

13. 13
    . President Bill Clinton, Speech before the UN General Assembly, 27 September 1993,
    http://www.state.gov/p/io/potusunga/207375.htm
    ; Secretary of Defense William Cohen, Annual Report to the President and Congress: 1999 (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 1999)
    http://history.defense.gov/Portals/70/Documents/annual_reports/1999_DoD_AR.pdf
    .
    

14. 14
    . “Essentials of Post–Cold War Deterrence,” declassified portions reprinted in Hans Kristensen,
    Nuclear Futures: Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and US Nuclear Strategy
    , British American Security Information Council, Appendix 2, Basic Research Report 98.2, March 1998.
    

15. 15
    . Michael Sherry,
    The Rise of American Airpower: The Creation of Armageddon
    (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987).
    

16. 16
    . Jon B. Wolfstahl, Jeffrey Lewis, and Marc Quint,
    The Trillion Dollar Nuclear Triad: US Strategic Nuclear Modernization over the Next Thirty Years
    , James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, January 2014,
    http://cns.miis.edu/opapers/pdfs/140107_trillion_dollar_nuclear_triad.pdf
    . See also Tom Z. Collina, “Nuclear Costs Undercounted, GAO Says,”
    Arms Control Today
    , July/August 2014.
    

17. 17
    . White House, Office of the Press Secretary “Remarks by the President at the National Defense University,” press release, 23 March 2013,
    https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/23/remarks-president-national-defense-university
    .
    

18. 18
    . Jeremy Scahill,
    Dirty Wars: The World Is a Battlefield
    (New York: Nation Books, 2013), 450, 443.
    

16. CEASE-FIRES IN WHICH VIOLATIONS NEVER CEASE

1.   
   1
   . Ari Shavit, “The Big Freeze,”
   Ha’aretz
   , 7 October 2004.
   

2.   
   2
   . Idith Zertal and Akiva Eldar,
   Lords of the Land: The War for Israel’s Settlements in the Occupied Territories, 1967–2007
   (New York: Nation Books, 2007), xii.
   

3.   
   3
   . United Nations, “United Nations Relief, Works Agency for Palestine Refugees Copes with Major Crises in Three Fields of Operations, Commissioner-General Tells Fourth Committee,” press release, 29 October 2008,
   http://www.un.org/press/en/2008/gaspd413.doc.htm
   .
   

4.   
   4
   . United Nations Security Council, “Security Council Calls for Immediate, Durable, Fully Respected Ceasefire in Gaza Leading to Full Withdrawal of Israeli Forces,” press release, 8 January 2009,
   http://www.un.org/press/en/2009/sc9567.doc.htm
   .
   

5.   
   5
   . Isabel Kershner, “Gaza Deaths Spike in 3rd Day of Air Assaults While Rockets Hit Israel,”
   New York Times
   , 10 July 2014.
   

6.   
   6
   . Amos Harel, Avi Issacharoff, Gili Cohen, Allison Kaplan Sommer, and news agencies, “Hamas Military Chief Ahmed Jabari Killed by Israeli Strike,”
   Ha’aretz
   , 14 November 2012.
   

7.   
   7
   . Reuters, “Text: Cease-Fire Agreement Between Israel and Hamas,”
   Ha’aretz
   , 21 November 2012.
   

8.   
   8
   . Nathan Thrall, “Hamas’s Chances,”
   London Review of Books
   36, no. 16 (21 August 2014): 10–12.
   

9.   
   9
   . Amos Harel, “Notes from an Interrogation: How the Shin Bet Gets the LowDown on Terror,”
   Ha’aretz
   , 2 September 2014.
   

10. 10
    . Akiva Eldar, “Bibi Uses Gaza as Wedge Between Abbas, Hamas,”
    Al-Monitor
    , 1 September 2014.
    

11. 11
    . Ibid.
    

12. 12
    . Gideon Levy and Ariel Levac, “Behind the IDF Shooting of a 10-Year-Old Boy,”
    Ha’aretz
    , 21 August 2014.
    

13. 13
    . Gideon Levy, “The IDF’s Real Face,”
    Ha’aretz
    , 30 August 2014.
    

14. 14
    . Zertal and Eldar,
    Lords of the Land
    , 13.
    

15. 15
    . Noam Chomsky,
    Deterring Democracy
    (New York: Hill and Wang, 1991), 435.
    

17. THE U.S. IS A LEADING TERRORIST STATE

1.   
   1
   . Mark Mazzetti, “C.I.A. Study of Covert Aid Fueled Skepticism About Helping Syrian Rebels,”
   New York Times
   , 14 October 2014.
   

2.   
   2
   . Piero Gleijeses,
   Visions of Freedom: Havana, Washington, Pretoria and the Struggle for Southern Africa, 1976–1991
   (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013).
   

3.   
   3
   . Noam Chomsky,
   Pirates and Emperors, Old and New: International Terrorism in the Real World
   (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015), p. viii.
   

4.   
   4
   . Kenneth B. Nobel, “Savimbi, Trailing, Hints at New War,”
   New York Times
   , 4 October 1992.
   

5.   
   5
   . Isaac Risco, “Mandela, a Loyal Friend of Cuba’s Fidel,”
   Havana Times
   , 7 December 2013.
   

6.   
   6
   . William M. LeoGrande and Peter Kornbluh,
   Back Channel to Cuba: The Hidden History of Negotiations Between Washington and Havana
   (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014), 145.
   

7.   
   7
   . Summary of International Court of Justice ruling, “The Military and Paramilitary Activities In and Against Nicaragua,”
   Nicaragua v. United States of America
   , 27 June 1986,
   http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/?sum=367&p1=3&p2=3&case=70&p3=5
   .
   

8.   
   8
   . Keith Bolender,
   Voices From the Other Side: An Oral History of Terrorism Against Cuba
   (London: Pluto Press, 2010).
   

9.   
   9
   . WIN/Gallup International, “End of Year Survey 2013,”
   http://www.wingia.com/en/services/end_of_year_survey_2013/7/
   .
   

18. OBAMA’S HISTORIC MOVE

1.   
   1
   . Jon Lee Anderson, “Obama and Castro Seize History,”
   New Yorker
   , 18 December 2014.
   

2.   
   2
   . Papers of John F. Kennedy, Presidential Papers, National Security Files, Meetings and Memoranda Series, National Security Action Memoranda, National Security Action Memorandum Number 263, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston, Massachusetts.
   

3.   
   3
   . Michael Glennon, “Terrorism and ‘Intentional Ignorance,’”
   Christian Science Monitor
   , 20 March 1986.
   

4.   
   4
   . U.S. State Department Office of the Historian, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Document 158, “Notes on Cabinet Meeting,” 20 April 1961,
   https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v10/d158
   .
   

5.   
   5
   . Ernest R. May and Philip D. Zelikow, eds.,
   The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis
   (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 84.
   

6.   
   6
   . Tacitus,
   Annals of Tacitus, Book XI
   (New York: Macmillan, 1888), 194.
   

7.   
   7
   . Michael R. Beschloss,
   Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes 1963–1964
   (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 87.
   

8.   
   8
   . Lars Schoultz,
   That Infernal Little Cuban Republic: The United States and the Cuban Revolution
   (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 5.
   

9.   
   9
   . Nancy Reagan,
   My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan
   (New York: Random House, 2011), 77.
   

10. 10
    . Theodore Roosevelt to Henry L. White, 13 September 1906, Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress.
    

11. 11
    . Noam Chomsky,
    Hopes and Prospects
    (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2010), 50.
    

12. 12
    . William M. LeoGrande and Peter Kornbluh,
    Back Channel to Cuba: The Hidden History of Negotiations Between Washington and Havana
    (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2014).
    

13. 13
    . White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Statement by the President on Cuba Policy Changes,” press release, 17 December 2014,
    https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/12/17/statement-president-cuba-policy-changes
    .
    

14. 14
    . CNN/ORC Poll, 18–21 December 2014,
    http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2014/images/12/23/cuba.poll.pdf
    .
    

15. 15
    . Chomsky,
    Hopes and Prospects
    , 116; Dennis Merrill and Thomas Paterson,
    Major Problems in American Foreign Relations, Volume II: Since 1914
    (Boston: Cengage Learning, 2009), 394.
    

16. 16
    . Noam Chomsky,
    Deterring Democracy
    (New York: Hill and Wang, 1991), 228.
    

19. “TWO WAYS ABOUT IT”

1.   
   1
   . Dan Bilefsky and Maïa de la Baume, “French Premier Declares ‘War’ on Radical Islam as Paris Girds for Rally,”
   New York Times
   , 10 January 2015.
   

2.   
   2
   . Jodi Rudoren, “Israelis Link Attacks to Their Own Struggles,”
   New York Times
   , 9 January 2015.
   

3.   
   3
   . Liz Alderman, “Recounting a Bustling Office at Charlie Hebdo, Then a ‘Vision of Horror,’”
   New York Times
   , 8 January 2015; Anand Giridharadas,
   https://twitter.com/anandwrites/status/552825021878771713
   .
   

4.   
   4
   . Steven Erlanger, “Days of Sirens, Fear and Blood: ‘France Is Turned Upside Down,’”
   New York Times
   , 9 January 2015.
   

5.   
   5
   . Unless otherwise cited, the preceding material is quoted from Steven Erlanger, “Crisis in the Balkans: Belgrade; Survivors of NATO Attack on Serb TV Headquarters: Luck, Pluck and Resolve,”
   New York Times
   , 24 April 1999.
   

6.   
   6
   . Amy Goodman, “Pacifica Rejects Overseas Press Club Award,”
   Democracy Now!
   , Pacifica Radio, 23 April 1999.
   

7.   
   7
   . Roy Gutman and Mousab Alhamadee, “U.S. Airstrike in Syria May Have Killed 50 Civilians,” McClatchyDC, 11 January 2015.
   

8.   
   8
   . David Holley and Zoran Cirjakovic, “Ex-Chief of Serb State TV Gets Prison,”
   Los Angeles Times
   , 22 June 2002; United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, “Final Report to the Prosecutor by the Committee Established to Review the NATO Bombing Campaign Against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia,”
   http://www.icty.org/x/file/Press/nato061300.pdf
   .
   

9.   
   9
   . Floyd Abrams, “After the Terrorist Attack in Paris,” letter to the editor,
   New York Times
   , 8 January 2015.
   

10. 10
    . Richard A. Oppel Jr., “Early Target of Offensive Is a Hospital,”
    New York Times,
    8 November 2004.
    

20. ONE DAY IN THE LIFE OF A READER OF THE
NEW YORK TIMES

1.   
   1
   . Jonathan Mahler, “In Report on Rolling Stone, a Case Study in Failed Journalism,”
   New York Times
   , 5 April 2015.
   

2.   
   2
   . Thomas Fuller, “One Woman’s Mission to Free Laos from Millions of Unexploded Bombs,”
   New York Times
   , 5 April 2015.
   

3.   
   3
   . Ibid.
   

4.   
   4
   . Fred Branfman,
   Voices from the Plain of Jars: Life Under an Air War
   (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2013).
   

5.   
   5
   . Ibid., 36.
   

6.   
   6
   . Fuller, “One Woman’s Mission to Free Laos from Millions of Unexploded Bombs.”
   

7.   
   7
   . Thomas Friedman, “Iran and the Obama Doctrine,”
   New York Times
   , 5 April 2015.
   

8.   
   8
   . Ibid.
   

9.   
   9
   . Enrique Krauze, “Cuba: The New Opening,”
   New York Review of Books
   , 2 April 2015.
   

10. 10
    . David Martosko and Associated Press, “Obama Tries ‘New Approach’ on Cuba with Normalized Trade Relations and Diplomacy Between Washington and Havana for the First Time in a Half-Century,”
    Daily Mail
    (London), 17 December 2014.
    

11. 11
    . Peter Baker, “A Foreign Policy Gamble by Obama at a Moment of Truth,”
    New York Times
    , 2 April 2015.
    

12. 12
    . Jessica Matthews, “The Road from Westphalia,”
    New York Review of Books
    , 19 March 2015.