Why the West Rules--For Now (103 page)

Notes

This section provides references for quotations and works mentioned by name in the main text. I refer to sources by the authors’ or editors’ last names and the date of publication; the full details can be found in the bibliography that follows. For works of the last hundred years or so I provide a precise page number; for older works that have been reprinted in multiple versions with varying page numbers, I give the source’s full title and refer to the chapter or other subdivision from which I have taken the quotation. Translations are my own unless indicated otherwise.

The “Further Reading” section suggests books and articles that I have found particularly helpful in writing this book.

INTRODUCTION

11
“
I am wearing
”: Shad Kafuri (August 1994), cited in Jacques 2009, p. 113.

12
“
Whatever happens
”: Hilaire Belloc,
The Modern Traveler
(1898), part 6.

13
“
The farther backward
”: Winston Churchill, cited from
http://quotationsbook.com/quote/40770/
.

19
“
distant marginal peninsula
,” “Sinocentric world order,” and “a third-class seat”: Frank 1998, pp. 2, 116, 37.

20
“
It’s well
”: William III of England (1690), cited from Goldstone 2006, p. 171.

22
“
between that era
”: Crosby 2004, p. 42; italics in original.

26
“
History,
n.
”: Bierce 1911, p. 51.

27
“
Progress is made
”: Heinlein 1973, p. 53.

29
“
The Art of Biography
”: Bentley 1905, p. 1.

30
“
Soft countries
”: Herodotus,
History
9.122.

30
“
too uniformly stimulating
” and “The people”: E. Huntington 1915, p. 134.

32
“
None ever wished
”: Samuel Johnson,
Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets
(1780), section on Milton.

34
“
advantages of backwardness
”: Gerschrenkon 1962.

1. BEFORE EAST AND WEST

39
“
When a man
”: Samuel Johnson, in James Boswell,
Life of Johnson
(1791), vol. 3, entry for September 20, 1777.

39
“
necessary
”: Arthur Young (1761), quoted in Briggs 1994, p. 196.

40
“
long one of
” etc.: Adam Smith,
Wealth of Nations
(1776), book I, chapter 8.

41
“
elastic geography
” etc.: Davies 1994, p. 25.

45
“
punctuated equilibrium
”: Gould 2007. The expression goes back to an essay Gould published with Niles Eldredge in 1972.

59
“
Are you going
”: Richard Klein, quoted in “Scientists in Germany Draft Neanderthal Genome,”
New York Times
, February 12, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/13/science/13neanderthal.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss
.

62
“
What a piece
”: William Shakespeare,
Hamlet
, Act 2, scene 2.

63
“
inquisitive tendrils
” and “The very atoms”: A. C. Clarke 1968, pp. 16, 17.

71
“
one lucky mother
”: Cann
et al.
1987.

72
“
modern Chinese man
”: “Stirring Find in Xuchang,”
China Daily
, January 28, 2008,
http://www.chinadaily.com/cn/opinion/2008-01/28/content_6424452.htm
.

72
“
the data
”: Ke
et al.
2001, p. 1151.

73
“
Suddenly … I made out
”: Herbert Kühn’s 1923 interview with Maria Sanz de Sautuola, in Kühn 1955, pp. 45–46.

74
“
so enthusiastic
”: ibid., p. 46.

2. THE WEST TAKES THE LEAD

85
“
cognitive arms race
”: Pinker 1997, p. 193 (Pinker himself does not subscribe to this theory).

91
“
cultivated
”: Fuller 2007.

93
“
You can’t step
”: None of the original works of Heraclitus (flourished c. 500
BCE)
survive; Plato quoted this passage in
Cratylus
402A in the early fourth century
BCE.

106
“
a small university city
”: Sahlins 2005, p. 209.

106
“
Open the gates
,” “Thanks to teachers,” and “Be a realist”: quoted in Quattrocchi and Nairn 1968, pp. 17, 30.

106
“
erected a shrine
” and “The world’s most primitive”: Marshall Sahlins, “The Original Affluent Society,” first published in French in 1968. The quotations come from an English version published in Sahlins 1972, pp. 39 and 37 and reprinted in Sahlins 2005, pp. 134 and 133.

107
“
in different ways
”: Barker 2006, p. 414.

113
“
Free will is for history
”: Leo Tolstoy,
War and Peace
(1869), Epilogue, part II, chapter 11. Translation modified slightly from
http://www.gutenberg.org
.

3. TAKING THE MEASURE OF THE PAST

135
“
From the remotest past
”: Spencer 1857, p. 465.

137
“
the vanity
”: Max Weber, cited in Gerth and Mills 1946, p. 66, note.

139
“
exist[ing] in a
”: Charles Darwin,
The Voyage of the Beagle
(1882), chapter 10.

139
agreement among indices
: Carneiro 2003, pp. 167–68.

140
“
sympathy and even admiration
”: Sahlins 2005, pp. 22–23.

141
“
Evolutionary theories
”: Shanks and Tilley 1987, p. 164.

141
“
We no longer
”: Ortner 1984, p. 126.

143
“
The ships
”: Lord Robert Jocelyn, cited from Waley 1958, p. 109.

143
“
as if the subjects
”: Armine Mountain, cited from Fay 1997, p. 222.

145
“
in science
”: people regularly attribute these or similar words to Einstein, but no one has been able to trace them back to a source. The strongest claim I have seen is on the One Degree website (
http://www.onedegree.ca/2005/04/08/making-einstein-simple
), suggesting that the phrase actually comes from a
Reader’s Digest
summary of the general theory of relativity. Perhaps it was the most important thing Einstein never said (but should have).

145
“
I’m just wondering
”: Arthur Eddington, quoted in Isaacson 2007, p. 262.

146
Norway and Sierra Leone scores
: United Nations Development Programme 2009, Table H, pp. 171, 174 (available at
http://hdr.undp.org/en/
).

148
E
x
T
→
C
: L. White 1949, p. 368.

149
“
Every Communist
”: taken from Mao Zedong’s essay “On Protracted War,” written in May 1937, quoted in Short 1999, p. 368.

151
“
because no
”: Naroll 1956, p. 691.

157
“
conjectures and refutations
”: Popper 1963, p. 43.

157
“
There could be
”: Albert Einstein, quoted in ibid., p. 42.

163
“
There are three
”: attributed to Benjamin Disraeli by Mark Twain (Twain 1924, p. 246).

170
“
Are these
” etc.: Charles Dickens,
A Christmas Carol in Prose
(1843), stave 4.

4. THE EAST CATCHES UP

186
“
How can a man
”: Plutarch,
Life of Alexander
64.

191
“
And they gained
”: Genesis 47.27, as translated in
The New Oxford Annotated Bible
(1994), p. 63 OT.

193
“
Who then
”:
Sumerian King List
, translated in Kramer 1963, p. 330.

194
“
Hunger filled
”:
The Lamentation over Ur
, lines 390–94, translated in Michalowski 1989.

197
“
the kings who
”: treaty between the Hittites and Amurru, late thirteenth century
BCE
, translated in Beckman 1999, p. 107.

199
“
His Majesty [Ramses] slew
”: Ramses II’s victory inscription, translated in Lichtheim 1973–80, vol. II, p. 62.

204
“
The Way
”: Lü Buwei,
Springs and Autumns of Mr. Lü
3.5, translated in de Bary and Bloom 1999, p. 239.

205
“
But for Yu
”:
Zuozhuan Commentary
, Duke Zhao Year 1, translated in Legge 1872, p. 578.