Why the West Rules--For Now (107 page)

472
“
Philosophers should be
”: Frederick II, letter to Christian Wolff (1740), cited from Upton 2001, p. 307.

472
“
a despotism
”: Thomas Carlyle,
History of the French Revolution
(1837), vol. 3, book 7, chapter 7.

472
“
One must examine
”: Denis Diderot, “Encyclopedia [Philosophy]” (1751), translated by Philip Stewart at
http://www.hti.umich.edu/d/did
.

473
“
studying the root
”: Emperor Kangxi,
Kangxi’s Conversations with His Sons
71b–72 (published 1730), translated in Spence 1974, p. 72.

474
“
a certain vigor
” etc.: Baron de Montesquieu,
The Spirit of the Laws
(1748), Book 17, translated at
http://www.constitution.org/cm/sol11_17.htm#002
.

475
“
the more he got
”: Lu Gwei-djen, cited from Winchester 2008, p. 37.

475
“
Sci. in general
”: Joseph Needham (1942), cited from Winchester 2008, p. 57.

475
“
the Needham Problem
”: Boulding 1976, p. 9.

477
“
Clear glass
”: Kong Shangren,
Trying On Glasses
(c. 1690), cited from Strassberg 1997, p. 204.

478
“
Melting the material
”: Xu Guangqi (1631), cited from Elman 2006, p. 30.

479
“
I realized
” etc.”: Emperor Kangxi, various texts, translated in Spence 1974, pp. 72–75.

482
O tempora, O mores
!
: Cicero,
Against Catiline
(63 BCE) 1.1.

483
“
These people seemed
”: Commander John Rodgers, report to the Secretary of the Navy (1865), cited from Perrin 1979, p. 4.

484
“
We have never
”: Emperor Qianlong, letter to George III of Britain (1793), cited from Cranmer-Byng 1963, p. 340.

485
“
I am the innocentest
”: William Kidd (1701), cited from Herman 2004, p. 247.

486
“
Credit makes war
”: Daniel Defoe,
The Complete English Tradesman
(1725), vol. 1, chapter 27.

486
“
France will undo us
”: The Duke of Newcastle (1742), cited from P. Kennedy 1987, p. 98.

486
“
conquer America
”: William Pitt the Elder (1757), cited from Herman 2004, p. 279.

486
“
Our bells are threadbare
”: Horace Walpole, letter to George Montagu, October 21, 1759, cited from W. S. Lewis 1941, pp. 250–51.

488
“
Make terror
”: M. Barère, speech to the National Convention, September 5, 1793, translated in Baker 1987, p. 351.

488
“
Let us be masters
”: Napoleon Bonaparte, speech at Boulogne (1805), cited from J. R. Green 1879, p. 171.

10. THE WESTERN AGE

491
“
the vastness
,” etc.: James Boswell,
Life of Samuel Johnson
(1791), vol. 2. Entry for March 22nd, 1776. Emphasis in original.

491
“
’Twas in truth
”: William Wordsworth,
The Prelude
(1805), Book 9, lines 161–69. Wordsworth was speaking specifically of the French Revolution.

494
“
the vast consumption
”:
Mineralogia Cornubiensis
(1778), cited from Landes 2003, pp. 99–100.

494
“
I had gone
”: James Watt, as told to Robert Hart, 1817 (the walk took place in 1765), cited from Uglow 2002, p. 101.

495
“
rather successful
”: James Watt, letter to James Watt, Sr., December 11, 1774 (James Watt Papers, Birmingham City Archives, 4/60), cited from Uglow 2002, p. 248.

495
“
If we had
”: Matthew Boulton, letter to James Watt, summer 1776, cited from Uglow 2002, p. 256.

495
“
It crept into
”: Daniel Defoe,
Weekly Review
, January 31, 1708, cited from Ferguson 2003, p. 17.

501
“
The poverty
”: Adam Smith,
Wealth of Nations
(1776), book 1, chapter 8.

503
“
has pitilessly torn
”: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,
The Communist Manifesto
(1848), chapter 1.

503
“
energy and perseverance
”: Samuel Smiles,
Industrial Biography
(1863), pp. 325, 332.

503
“
Facts alone
”: Charles Dickens,
Hard Times
(1854), chapter 1.

504
“
a triumph of fact
”: ibid., chapter 5.

504
“
He listened patiently
”: Friedrich Engels,
The Condition of the Working Class in England
(1844), chapter 12.

504
,
505
“
What the bourgeoisie
” and “Let the ruling classes”: Marx and Engels,
Communist Manifesto
, chapters 1, 4.

506
“
We consider it
”: Anonymous, “The First Half of the Nineteenth Century,”
The Economist
9 (1851), p. 57.

507
“
Here I am, gentlemen!
”: Jules Verne,
Around the World in Eighty Days
(1873), chapter 37.

509
“
white plague
”: Ferguson 2003, p. 59.

509
“
have an unconquerable aversion
”: Isaac Weld,
Travels Through the States of North America and Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada During the Years 1795, 1796, and 1797
, vol. 1 (1799), pp. 232–33, cited from Williams 2003, p. 310.

509
“
For her
”: Frank Norris,
The Pit
(1903), p. 57.

510
“
Get a horse!
”: cited from Yergin 1992, p. 79.

510
“
The development
”: Marcus Samuel, letter to Admiral John Fisher, November 1911, cited from Yergin 1992, pp. 154–55.

511
“
The first
”: Admiral John Fisher, letter to Winston Churchill, 1911, cited from Yergin 1992, p. 155.

511
“
propensity to truck
”: Smith,
Wealth of Nations
(1776), chapter 2.

512
“
Constant revolutionizing
”: Marx and Engels,
Communist Manifesto
, chapter 1.

513
“
The sole end
” and “Over himself”: John Stuart Mill,
On Liberty
(1859), chapter 1.

513
“
The principle
”: John Stuart Mill,
The Subjection of Women
(1869), chapter 1.

513
“
like the sorcerer
”: Marx and Engels,
Communist Manifesto
, chapter 1.

514
“
His feet lost
”: Li Ruzhen,
Flowers in the Mirror
(published 1810s), translated in T. Lin 1965, p. 113.

515
“
are all
”: Lord Macartney (1793), from Cranmer-Byng 1963, p. 153.

516
“
simply did
”: paraphrase of a letter from James Matheson to J. A. Smith (September 24, 1839), cited from Fay 1997, p. 191.

517
“
as the
floating
property
”: Bernard and Hall 1844, p. 6.

517
“
pass over these
”: Governor-General Qiying (1842), cited from Spence 1990, p. 164.

517
“
castles that moved
”: Japanese observers (1853), cited from Feifer 2006, p. 5.

519
“
for … the [West’s] middle
”: John Maynard Keynes,
The Economic Consequences of the Peace
(1919), chapter 1.

519
“
The conquest
”: Joseph Conrad,
Heart of Darkness
(1902), chapter 1.

520
“
it is the duty
”:
The Economist
32 (July 1874), p. 802, cited from Davis 2001, p. 37.

520
“
The horror! The horror!
”: Conrad,
Heart of Darkness
, chapter 3.

520
“
I have seen things
”: President Ulysses S. Grant (1879), cited from Feifer 2006, p. 322.

522
“
Useless beauty
”: Sugimoto Etsu Inagaki, recalling a conversation from the 1870s, cited from Feifer 2006, p. 310.

524
“
to cultivate
”: Kaiser Wilhelm II (1895), cited from Ferguson 2007, p. 44.