1938 (47 page)

8
the honeymoon couple:
Wilhelm Keitel,
Mein Leben: Pflichterfüllung bis zum Untergang
(Berlin, 1998), 201–204.

8
a “fine fellow”:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 103, 105.

9
“Tell the general that Field Marshal:
Anthony Read,
The Devil’s Disciples: The Lives and Times of Hitler’s Inner Circle
(London, 2003), 449.

9
The policeman had looked up:
Lang,
Wolff
, 80.

9
At the Gestapa:
Thomas Mang,
“Gestapo-Leitstelle Wien—mein Name ist Huber”: Wer trug die locale Verantwortung für den Mord an der Wiener Juden
(Münster, 2004), 118.

10
Over the next few weeks:
Lang,
Wolff
, 81–82.

10
he had named Walter Funk:
Goebbels recorded rumors of Funk’s homosexuality on December 31, 1937. Even Streicher’s
Stürmer
alluded to it. See Goebbels,
Die Tagebücher I, V
, 77. Hitler was also aware of it; see Overy,
Goering
, 71.

10
a Graf von Wedel, who was police president:
A Graf Edgard Wedel or
Hofwedel
(“Court Wedel”) had been heavily implicated in the homosexual scandals at the kaiser’s court.

10
Schmidt told Meisinger:
Mang,
Mein Name ist Huber
, 119; Lang,
Wolff
, 82. Foertsch,
Schuld und Verhängnis
, 94.

10
It is not clear who:
Lang,
Wolff
, 82.

11
He seems to have made little attempt:
Foertsch,
Schuld und Verhängnis
, 88.

11
“the worst crisis for the regime:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 117; Read,
Devil’s Disciples
, 450.

11
Göring was the man for the job:
Overy,
Goering
, 70.

11
“a case of mistaken identity or slander”:
Keitel,
Mein Leben
, 207.

11
Brauchitsch would have to do:
Keitel,
Mein Leben
, 207.

12
Jochen von Both:
Geyr von Schweppenburg,
The Critical Years
(London, 1952), 171–172.

12
Göring had Fritsch tailed:
Overy,
Goering
, 70.

12
Fritsch was a calf fetishist:
Padfield,
Himmler
, 217, who does not disclose his source, which was probably Lang,
Wolff
, 84.

12
a reactionary general like himself:
Foertsch,
Schuld und Verhängnis
, 91.

12
“I really want to look at this pig!”:
Foertsch,
Schuld und Verhängnis
, 93.

12
quite tearful the next day:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 124.

12
“You get the impression:
Alfred Jodl, diary, quoted in Foertsch,
Schuld und Verhängnis
, 89.

13
he had stumbled across a conspiracy:
Mang,
Mein Name ist Huber
, 120.

13
stooped so low:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 132.

13
interrogation by Best:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 122.

13
under Article 175:
Lang,
Wolff
, 83.

13
“not a woman’s man”:
Foertsch,
Schuld und Verhängnis
, 95.

14
pro-monarchist celebrations:
André François-Poncet,
Souvenirs d’une ambassade à Berlin
(Paris, 1946), 285.

14
the traditional officer corps:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 119.

15
on the verge of mutiny:
Detlef Graf von Schwerin,
“Dann sind’s die besten Köpfe, die man henkt”: Die junge Generation im deutschen Widerstand
(Munich, 1994), 139.

15
“sullen and touchy”:
Franz von Papen,
Memoirs
, trans. Brian Connell (London, 1952), 404.

15
Beck didn’t want the job:
Foertsch,
Schuld und Verhängnis
, 94.

15
(he came to regret it later):
See Reinhard Spitzy,
So haben wir das Reich verspielt: Bekenntnisse eines Illegalen
, 2nd ed. (1987), 222.

15
He wanted to surround himself:
Spitzy,
So haben wir das Reich verspielt
, 218.

15
“I consider Ribbentrop:
Bloch,
Ribbentrop
, 165–166; Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 127.

17
Hitler finally came to a decision:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 131. Fritsch was exonerated by the court on March 18, but he was not given another role. He volunteered to lead his regiment in the Polish Campaign and died before Warsaw on September 22, 1939. It has been suggested that he intentionally sought death.

17
a “rejuvenation”:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 132.

17
Hitler’s sights:
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, 58.

17
“he ought to be quaking:
Foertsch,
Schuld und Verhängnis
, 103.

17
Keitel’s nominee, Walther von Brauchitsch:
Keitel,
Mein Leben
, 209.

17
“God-fearing”:
Jochen Klepper,
Unter dem Schatten deiner Flügel: Aus den Tagebüchern der Jahre 1932–1942
(Stuttgart, 1955), 553.

18
German-Japanese alliance:
Bloch,
Ribbentrop
, 161–162.

18
“a prodigious ignorance:
François-Poncet,
Souvenirs
, 291.

18
He had spent all of December concocting:
Erich Kordt,
Nicht aus den Akten . . . Die Wilhelmstrasse in Frieden und Krieg: Erlebnisse, Begegnungen und Eindrücke 1928–1945
(Stuttgart, 1950), 172.

18
His former Anglophilia turned:
Stefan Kley,
Hitler, Ribbentrop und die Entfesselung des Zweiten Weltkriegs
(Padeborn, 1996), 10; Spitzy,
So haben wir das Reich verspielt
, 228.

18
ordered a whisky:
Possibly a Johnny Walker. Ribbentrop was a close friend of Alexander Walker, the descendant of the original Johnny. See Giles MacDonogh, “Walking Tall: From Grocer to Whisky Powerhouse,”
Cigar Aficionado
(Winter 1996).

18
called his wife:
Bloch,
Ribbentrop
, 171.

18
(generally contracted to RAM):
Ribbentrop was known as Groraz behind his back—
größte Reichsaußenminister aller Zeiten
(the Greatest Imperial Foreign Minister of All Time). Hitler was Grofaz—
größte Führer aller Zeiten
(the Greatest Leader of All Time).

18
“My good fellow:
Spitzy,
So haben wir das Reich verspielt
, 219.

19
“I distrust foreigners who know Dante”:
Galeazzo Ciano,
Ciano’s Diary 1937–1943
, trans. Andreas Mayor (London, 1952), 61, 62, 81.

19
Hitler told his closest retinue:
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, 59.

19
“This is completely unexpected:
Klepper,
Tagebücher
, 551.

20
Austria was his home too:
Parparov,
Hitler Book
, 24.

20
Hitler was beginning to fear:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 65, 122.

21
Hitler had been wanting to get rid:
Kley,
Hitler, Ribbentrop
, 46.

21
“a man of winning appearance:
Willi Frischauer,
Twilight in Vienna
, trans. E. O. Lorimer (London, 1938), 291.

21
Schuschnigg himself had once told:
Ray Moseley,
Mussolini’s Shadow: The Double Life of Count Galeazzo Ciano
(New Haven, 1999), 41.

22
His departure came as a relief:
Der Stürmer
1, January 1938
.

22
He was looking around:
Conwell-Evans,
None So Blind
, 124.

22
Göring’s gaze turned greedily:
Tooze,
Wages
, 243–246.

23
following his dismissal:
Bloch,
Ribbentrop
, 176.

23
Papen had visited Hitler:
Papen,
Memoirs
, 406–408.

23
He gave orders that the border:
G. E. R. Gedye,
Fallen Bastions: The Central European Tragedy
(London, 1939), 224; George E. Berkley,
Vienna and Its Jews: The Tragedy of Success, 1880s–1980s
(Cambridge, 1988), 249.

23
When they arrived in the Führer’s:
Parparov,
Hitler Book
, 26.

23
Hitler threatened to invade Salzburg:
Ciano,
Ciano’s Diary
, 82.

23
He told Schuschnigg:
Kurt von Schuschnigg,
Austrian Requiem
, trans. Franz von Hildebrand (New York, 1946), 13.

23
Arthur Seyss-Inquart:
Seyss had been born Arthur Zaytich to a Bohemian schoolmaster and his German wife in Moravia. When the family moved to Vienna, the father changed his name to one with a more Germanic allure. Goebbels thought him “no Nazi in our sense of the word” and a “great dud.”
Tagebücher I, V
, 170, 181.

23
Hitler also demanded the dismissal:
Hubert Wingelbauer, “Das Österreichische Bundesheer,” in Verein für Geschichte der Stadt Wien (hereinafter Stadt Wien),
Wien 1938
(Vienna, 1978), 39.

23
During the meal Schuschnigg:
Spitzy,
So haben wir das Reich verspielt
, 226.

24
wholly unbriefed Ribbentrop:
Bloch,
Ribbentrop
, 178.

24
whose one contribution to the debate:
Joachim von Ribbentrop,
The Ribbentrop Memoirs
, trans. Oliver Watson (London, 1954), 84.

24
the Austrian economy was to be integrated:
Papen,
Memoirs
, 415–417.

24
This settlement was based on:
Kley,
Hitler, Ribbentrop
, 49.

24
According to one account:
Keitel,
Mein Leben
, 218.

24
“There are no orders.:
Papen,
Memoirs
, 417. This may well have been his sole appearance as the god of war.

24
“Not worth mentioning:
Parparov,
Hitler Book
, 26.

25
“That is a long time:
Schuschnigg,
Requiem
, 25.

25
“In tanks, planes and motorised vehicles:
Schuschnigg,
Requiem
, 26.

25
According to Papen:
Hanns Haas, “Der Anschluss,” in
NS-Herrschaft in Österreich: Ein Handbuch
, ed. Emmerich Talos, Ernst Hanisch, Wolfgang Neugebauer, and Reinhard Sieder (Vienna, 2001), 40–41.

25
arriving in Berchtesgaden:
Papen,
Memoirs
, 420.

25
Other sources suggest:
Bloch,
Ribbentrop
, 172.

25
“Now you have some idea:
Kershaw,
Nemesis
, 71, quoting Papen,
Memoirs
, 420.

25
campaign of sabotage:
Brissaud,
Canaris
, 185.

25
Tuesday the 15th:
Jodl diary, also quoted in Ian Colvin,
Chief of Intelligence
(London, 1951), 47.

25
Despite reservations:
Haas, “Der Anschluss,” 40.

26
Mussolini thought much the same:
Ciano,
Ciano’s Diary
, 74, 77.

26
“We looked at Jewish civil servants:
Rudolf Aschenauer, ed.,
Ich Adolf Eichmann
(Starnbergersee, 1980), 84–85.

26
Keppler was also in touch:
Padfield,
Himmler
, 219.

26
The two men had already hatched:
Mang,
Mein Name ist Huber
, 57.

26
When the two Germans:
Hans Safrian,
Die Eichmann Männer
(Vienna, 1993), 27; Theodor Venus and Alexandra-Eileen Wenck,
Die Entziehung jüdischen Vermögens im Rahmen der Aktion Gildemeester
(Vienna, 2004), 89; David Cesarani,
Eichmann: His Life and Crimes
(London, 2004), 54.

26
The district commissioner for Galilee:
John Mendelsohn and Donald S. Detwiler, eds.,
The Holocaust: Selected Documents in Eighteen Volumes
(New York, 1982), 6:69.

27
“that he has been his own:
Klemperer,
Tagebücher
, 397.

27
Hossbach memorandum:
Hans Roos,
Polen und Europa: Studien zur polnischen Aussenpolitik 1931–1939
(Tübingen, 1957), 300.

27
“The German Reich is no longer:
Schuschnigg,
Requiem
, 32.

27
a “cheeky speech”:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 168, 155, 174, 100.

27
“Austria was being spoken:
Klepper,
Tagebücher
, 559.

27
“This is good for us:
Goebbels,
Tagebücher I, V
, 178.

27
The British Foreign Office had already:
Roberts,
Holy Fox
, 87.