A Distant Mirror (120 page)

The major contemporary narrative source for English affairs in this period is Thomas Walsingham’s
Chronicon Angliae
, which unfortunately does not exist in English (although Thompson’s notes are useful). Those like myself not fluent in Latin must depend on quotations and excerpts in English by other historians. The somewhat less lively
Anonimalle Chronicle
has been translated by V. H. Galbraith. Secondary sources on the condition of England used for this chapter are Jusserand, McKisack, Postan, Saltmarsh, Seebohm, and Trevelyan. Although the last, which was Trevelyan’s first book, may lag behind modern scholarship, it is far ahead in general interest and a comprehensive view of the social milieu.

1
“NOT STRONGER IN MIND THAN A BOY OF EIGHT”:
Chron. Angl.
, q. Collis, 186, n. 2.

2
“WHEREBY THE JUSTICES BE AFRAID
”: a statute of 2 Rich. II, q. Jusserand, 76.

3
BISHOP OF
R
OCHESTER
: q. ibid., 86.

4
COMMONS COMPLAIN OF LABORERS AND SERVANTS
: Jusserand, 147–48, from Rymer, V, 668.

5
“GATHER TOGETHER IN GREAT ROUTS
”: q. Seebohm, 274.

6
FOUR VILLAGES OF
G
LOUCESTER
: Beresford & Hurst, 8.
FIVE CHURCHES OF
N
ORFOLK
: Saltmarsh, 24.

7
WYCLIF
: Poole; Trevelyan, passim; Cheyney, 211–24.

8
PRIESTS LICENSED TO KEEP A CONCUBINE
: MacKinnon, 563.
CONFESSOR IN CASES OF ADULTERY
: Lea, I, 31.

9
EUCHARIST WITHHELD
: ibid., 28.
MISBEHAVIOR OF CLERICS
: Coulton,
Life
, I, 96, 99–100.
WORLDLY CLERICS’ CLOTHING
: Jusserand, 55.

10
LOLLARDY AMONG THE NOBLES
: Cheyney, 217.

11
Horribles expenses:
q. McKisack, 386, n. 1.

12
PURVEYORS “SEIZE ON MEN
”: J. R. Green,
Short History of England
, I, 455–56.

13
GOOD PARLIAMENT
: In addition to sources at head of chapter, MacKinnon; Harold I. Nelson, “Thomas Walsingham and the Crisis of 1376” (unpublished ms.); A. F. Pollard; Powell & Wallis; Stubbs’
Constitutional History
.

14
COUCY AS EARL OF
B
EDFORD
: A search of the Close Rolls, Parl. Rolls, and Parl. Writs made for the author at the Public Record Office disclose no evidence that Coucy was summoned to or attended the Parliament of 1376, although he
was
summoned as Earl of Bedford to the Parliament of 43 Edw. Ill (1370)
(The Dignity of a Peer of the Realm; Reports from the Lords’ Committees
 …, London, 1829, IV, 645).

15
ISABELLA AND COUCY VISIT BLACK PRINCE:
KL, VIII, 379.

16
HIS DEATHBED, WILL, AND MONUMENT
: Chandos Herald, 170;
Chron. Angl.
, q. Trevelyan, 27; Collins, 300–301;
DNB
.

17
COUCY ADVISES INVASION
: Froissart, q. Lépinois, 178.

18
KING EDWARD’S PHYSICIANS “DESPAIRED”:
Anonimalle
, 95.
COUCY’S MISSION TO FLANDERS
: Lacaille,
thèse
, 40.

19
QUEEN’S ILLNESS:
Chron. 4 Valois
, 244; Delachenal, IV, 536.
PAYMENTS TO COUCY
: BN,
Pièces originales
, 875, dossier 19, 660 Coucy.
MARIE DE COUCY
: Lehoux, I, 392, 398, n. 7.

20
COUCY IN PARLEYS WITH THE
E
NGLISH
: KL, VIII, 383–84; Barnes, 906–7.

21
CHAUCER’S PRESENCE
: Braddy; Manley; also F. N. Robinson, Introduction to
Chaucer’s Complete Works
.

22
SUBSTANCE OF THE PARLEYS
: Delachenal, V, 4; Delisle,
Coll. BE
, No. 1425; Perroy, “Anglo-French.”

23
EDWARD’S DEATH; JUBILEE YEAR PASSED UNNOTICED
: J. J. Jusserand,
Piers Plowman
, London, 1894, 53.

24
ISABELLA’S MOVEMENTS
: KL, XXI, 41; Green, 215–17, from Rymer, VII, 153.

25
ROBERSART
: Collins, 237, 249.

26
Songe du Vergier:
q. Delachenal, IV, 601–2
DIALOGUE WRITTEN BY D’AILLY
: q. Kirkland, 18.

27
COUCY’S LETTER OF RENUNCIATION
: text in KL, XXI, 41–42, and in Rymer, VII, 172, from Patent Roll, 1 Richard II.

28
TRUSTEESHIP FOR
I
SABELLA:
DNB;
Green, 219, from Rymer, IV, 60; Hardy, 309.

29
ESTATES SETTLED ON PHILIPPA
: Lacaille,
“Vente,”
574, n. 1. F
RENCH RAIDS AND EFFECT ON
E
NGLAND
: Searle & Burghart.

30
SIR JOHN ARUNDEL AND
L
ANCASTER:
Chron. Angl.
, q. ibid., 382, and in Delachenal, V, 30.

1
CHARLES IV, CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE
: Matteo Villani, q. Cox, 189; Jarrett,
Charles IV
, 219–24.

2
WELCOMING PARTY AT CAMBRAI
, and
SUBSEQUENT ACCOUNT OF THE EMPEROR’S VISIT:
Chron. J. & C.
, II, 200–276; Christine de Pisan,
Charles V
, II, 90–132.

3
CHANCELLOR’S CHRONICLER
: Pierre d’Orgement, the Chancellor, is believed to have supervised, or possibly himself written, the
Chron. J. & C.:
Delachenal, I, xviii.

4
BANQUET DISHES
: from menus listed by the Ménagier, 226–36.

5
VISIT TO SAVOY, PLATTERS SERVED ON LANCES:
Cox, 197.

6
BANQUET BY
vidame
DE
C
HARTRES
: Le Grand d’Aussy, III, 343.
DRAMA AND STAGECRAFT
: Mâle, 36–37; Artz, 356–60; Cohen,
Theatre
, 49, 93–94, 99, 162, 273; Gayley, 33–34, 75–80, 214, 263–64; Frank, 115–35; A. W. Pollard, xli. 313 L
OLLARD PREACHER
: q. A. W. Pollard, xxii.

7
SIEGE OF
J
ERUSALEM STAGED
: in addition to the primary accounts, Loomis.

8
BEAUTÉ-SUR-MARNE
: Luce,
Cent ans
, II, 41–44.

9
GREAT THEOLOGIAN ON CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED
: Jean Gerson, q. Lewis, 94.

10
BRETHREN OF THE FREE SPIRIT:
Chron. J. & C.
, II, 163–64; Cohn, chap. 8; Leff.

11
BÉGUINES A RETREAT FROM “MARITAL BONDS”:
Southern, 329.
BIBLE IN
F
RENCH
: Cohn, 161.

12
ANJOU, “THE WORLD BROUGHT TO NOTHING
”: q. Campbell, 151.

13
DEMONOLOGY AND SORCERY
: Lea, III, 464; J. B. Russell, 208–14; P. Hughes, passim.

14
ORESME
: Thorndike, III, 428–38, 466–68; q. Coopland in notes to Mézières, 1, 25.

Based on the Italian and French chroniclers, the two major modern authorities for the events of this chapter are Valois, vol. I, and Ullman, supplemented by Creighton, Flick, McFarlane, and of course Delachenal, especially for the role of Charles V. Sources other than these are cited below. All quotations from St. Catherine are from Jorgensen, unless otherwise cited.

1
ABBOT OF MONTMAYEUR
: Sismondi, IV, 412.

2
Based
“FOR WITH NO OTHER QUARREL
”: The French governor quoted was Marshal Boucicaut. Godefroy,
Boucicaut
, 2–3.

3
“AS IF THESE TIMES
”: Neri di Donato, q. Jorgensen, 171.

4
ROBERT OF GENEVA
: Valois, I, 109; conflicting versions of his appearance are from Muratori and the chronicler Dietrich of Niem, q. Ullman, 163.

5
BRETONS’ SWORDS BLESSED BY THE CARDINAL
: Mirot,
“Budes.”
MASSACRE OF CESENA
: Leader-Temple & Marcotti, 110–22.
“Sangue et sangue!”:
Lot, 417; Sismondi, IV, 422.

6
BERNABÒ’S DAUGHTER MARRIES HAWKWOOD
: Leader-Temple & Marcotti, 126.

7
“MAN OF BLOOD
” and “
BUTCHER OF CESENA
”: Delachenal, V, 143.
“PEOPLE NO LONGER BELIEVE
”: q. ibid., 121.

8
JOHANNES TAULER
: Mâle, 89, 107.
ST
. B
RIGITTA
: ibid., 89–90.

9
CATHERINE’S LETTER TO HAWKWOOD
: q. Leader-Temple & Marcotti, 82–83. C
ATHERINE IN
A
VIGNON
: Delachenal, IV, 598.

10
ON THE RETURN TO ROME
: from the Carrier edition of her letters, q. ibid., 596, nn. 3, 4, 5.

11
ECCLESIASTICAL EXTORTIONS, IN
G
ERMANY:
CMH
, 280.
PRIESTS DESERTED:
ibid,
AS TAVERNERS AND HORSE-DEALERS
: M. Mollat,
Vie
, 43. B
RIGITTA, “FEAR OF GOD
”: q. Jorgensen, 160. C
ATHERINE ON REFORM
: q. Ullman, 60–61.

12
CHARLES
v, “
ROME IS WHEREVER
”: q. Renouard,
Papacy
, 64.

13
GREGORY’S RETURN TO ROME
: Froissart, Berners ed., II, 505; Jarrett,
Charles IV
, 200–11,
HIS FATHER
: Jorgensen, 237.
ONE OF HIS BISHOPS
: Renouard,
Papacy
, 66.

14
URBAN REGARDED AS MAD
: Ullman, 53; Creighton, 83;
Cath. Encyc
.

15
MICHELET, “NO EPOCH MORE NATURALLY MAD”:
IV, 8.

16
“OH, UNHAPPY MEN
”: q. Ullman, 67–68.

17
JUAN 1
, “
WHAT GOVERNMENT
”: q. Delachenal, V, 171.

18
EFFECTS OF THE SCHISM:
Chron. C6
, I, 85–87; Michelet, IV, 8; Huizinga,
Waning
, 21.

19
BONET ON THE SCHISM:
92–93.

20
MONK OF ST. DENIS, “LIKE A PROSTITUTE”:
Chron. C6, I
, 91.

21
ANJOU AND CLEMENT AND KINGDOM OF ADRIA:
Valois, I, 145, 167–68; Durrieu,
“Adria.”

22
UNIVERSITY RESISTS
and
ARREST OF ROUSSE:
Chron. C6, I
, 87.

23
WYCLIF ON INDIVIDUAL SALVATION
: q. Trevelyan, 141.

24
NO ONE HAD ENTERED PARADISE
: q. Huizinga,
Waning
, 29.

1
KING “SORROWED LONG”:
Gr. Chrons.
, q. Delachenal, V, 20.

2
FF, CHARLES OF NAVARRE’S TREASON AND PLOTS:
Chron. J. &
C., II, 286 ff., and documents in Secousse; Coville, 246–47; Delachenal, V, 180–218.

3
FOIX, “IMPETUOUS PASSIONS
”: q. Tarbé in notes to Machaut, xix.
AFFAIR OF GASTON:
Chron. C6, I
, 365; also Froissart; and Tarbé, op cit.

4
NORMANDY CAMPAIGN:
KL, IX, 56, 61–63, 77–78.

5
COUCY AND CLISSON
: Lefranc, 189, 270.
COMRADESHIP OF BROTHERHOOD-IN-ARMS
: see Keen,
Laws
, 138.

6
CLISSON’S CAREER
: Lefranc, 24–37, 58–68, 132–34.

7
“ALWAYS IN PERFECT HARMONY”:
ibid., 270.
ASSASSINATION OF OWEN OF WALES
: Froissart, Berners ed., III, 15.

8
POLICY ON BRITTANY
and
TRIAL OF MONTFORT
: Moranvillé,
Mercier
, 76–81; Delachenal, V, 242–45.

9
COUCY AS A “PEER OF
F
RANCE
”: Froissart says specifically, in connection with Coucy’s campaign in Italy in 1372–74,
“et li uns des xii pers”:
KL, VII, 419. On the somewhat elastic nature of the twelve French peers, see Bloch,
Feudal
, 333–35; Lot & Fawtier, 297, n. 1.

10
KING’S VISIT TO COUCY:
Chron. J. & C.
, III, 215; Lacaille,
thèse
, 59; Moranvillé,
Mercier
, 70–72, 319.

11
DESCHAMPS
: Coville, 401, 407–9; Gaston Raynaud, 27; intro. and notes to Queux edition of Deschamps’ works, vol. XI.
BALLADE ON COUCY
: Deschamps, I, 269 (Trans. B.T.).
PURCHASE OF GREAT FIEFS:
see Lewis, 191.

12
MARRIAGE NEGOTIATIONS
: Lehoux, I, 439.

13
COUCY’S ORDER OF THE CROWN
: Deschamps, Queux ed., II, 35 (on the twelve qualities of the crown), and IV, 115. Duplessis, 89; Zurlauben,
Enguerrand VII
, 183.

14
JOHN PHILPOT:
Chron. Angl.
, q. Barnie, 108–9; McKisack, 403.

15
REVOLT
OF
GHENT
, “ON THE
FOLLIES
OF
PRINCES”:
q. Hutton.

16
ff.
OPPRESSION AND UPRISING
IN
LANGUEDOC
, and
PUNISHMENT
OF
MONTPELLIER:
Chron. J. & C.
, II, 365–76; Delachenal, V, chap. 6.

17
“KILL ALL THE RICH
!”: q. Mollat & Wolff, 182.
“CUT OPEN BODIES
”: q. Delachenal, V, 303, n. 3.