A Great and Terrible King: Edward I and the Forging of Britain (85 page)

⁵
Guisborough, 240;
CPR, 1292–1301
, 15 (the writ is vacated because the embassy was cancelled: see Trabut-Cussac,
L’Administration
, 108n).

⁶
Powicke,
Thirteenth Century
, 644; Guisborough, 241.

⁷
Powicke,
Thirteenth Century
, 645–6; P. Chaplais, ‘Réglement des Conflits Internationaux Franco-Anglais au 14e Siècle, 1293–1377’,
Essays in Medieval Diplomacy
, ix, 271–2; idem,
English Medieval Diplomatic Practice, Part I
(2 vols., HMSO, 1982), i, 394–5,
Itinerary
, ii, 43–6;
AM
, iv, 513.

⁸
M. Vale,
The Angevin Legacy and the Hundred Years War, 1230–1340
(Oxford, 1990), 183; Chaplais, ‘Réglement des Conflits’, 272–3.

⁹
Duncan,
Kingship
, 320–1; Barrow,
Bruce
, 58–9, 62.

¹⁰
Vale,
Angevin Legacy
, 184–7, 196; Howell,
Eleanor of Provence
, 136–7.

¹¹
DNB
, xvii, 759.

¹²
CPR, 1292–1301
, 33. The failure of the legal ambassadors by November is inferred from the reappearance of one of their number (Roger Brabazon) in England.
RCWL
, 117.

¹³
Foedera
, I, ii, 794; Chaplais,
English Medieval Diplomatic Practice
, ii, 428n.

¹⁴
Ibid.

¹⁵
Vale,
Angevin Legacy
, 196–7; Strayer,
Reign of Philip the Fair
, 369.

¹⁶
Vale,
Angevin Legacy
, 179, 196–200.

¹⁷
DNB
, viii, 901; xxxii, 512;
AM
, iv, 515; Cotton, 232.

¹⁸
Foedera
, I, ii, 794; Vale,
Angevin Legacy
, 190.

¹⁹
Itinerary
, ii, 52–4; Cotton, 233.

²⁰
Salzman,
Edward I
, 111;
Evesham
, 573.

²¹
Powicke,
Thirteenth Century
, 648; Chaplais,
English Medieval Diplomatic Practice
, ii, 428n;
Foedera
, I, ii, 800.

²²
Bury
, 118; W. M. Ormrod, ‘Love and War in 1294’,
TCE
, viii (2001), 148–50.

²³
Evesham
, 573; Guisborough, 243; Langtoft, ii, 202–3.

²⁴
J. R. Strayer, ‘The Costs and Profits of War: The Anglo-French Conflict of 1294–1303’,
The Medieval City
, ed. H. A. Miskimin, D. Herlihy and A. J. Udovich (New Haven and London, 1977), 273; Trabut-Cussac,
L’Administration
, 108.

²⁵
Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, 236.

²⁶
Kaeuper,
Bankers
, 209, 218–21 (although 12 June given wrongly as 2 June); Denton,
Winchelsey
, 61, 63.

²⁷
Morris,
Bigod Earls
, 118, 125–6, 155;
PW
, 259–62.

²⁸
Itinerary
, ii, 58; J. Gillingham, ‘Richard I, Galley Warfare and Portsmouth: The Beginnings of a Royal Navy’,
TCE
, vi (1997), 1–15; M. K. Vaughn, ‘“Mount the War-Horses, Take your Lance in your Grip…”: Logistics Preparations for the Gascon Campaign of 1294’,
TCE
, viii (2001), 97–111.

²⁹
PW
, 25;
Evesham
, 573–4;
Rôles Gascons
, ed. Francisque-Michel and Bémont, iii, no. 2934.

³⁰
NHI
, 260;
Bury
, 123.

³¹
AM
, iv, 515–17;
Evesham
, 574;
PW
, 262–3.

³²
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 402–3;
EHD
, iii, 469;
PW
, 25–6.

³³
PW
, 263–4.

³⁴
Itinerary
, ii, 62;
Evesham
, 574; Guisborough, 244.

³⁵
Carpenter,
Struggle
, 268;
Select Pleas in Manorial and Other Seignorial
Courts
, ed. F. W. Maitland (Selden Society, ii, 1889), 76–9; Morris,
Welsh Wars
, 241–2.

³⁶
Denton,
Winchelsey
, 67–75; Powicke,
Thirteenth Century
, 484.

³⁷
Morris,
Welsh Wars
, 242;
PW
, 26–7.

³⁸
Morris,
Welsh Wars
, 242;
Prests
, xxvii–xxviii;
KW
, i, 364, 377.

³⁹
Guisborough, 251; Davies,
Age of Conquest
, 382–3; Prestwich,
Edward I, 219
.

⁴⁰
Langtoft, ii, 220–1; Morris,
Welsh Wars
, 242, 244; Guisborough, 244, says the delayed fleet left around 9 October.

⁴¹
EHD
, iii, 469; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 404;
Itinerary
, ii, 64–5.

⁴²
Davies,
Age of Conquest
, 383;
Prests
, xxix–xxx.

⁴³
KW
, i, 348–50, 364;
Prests
, xxx.

⁴⁴
Ibid., xxxii–xxxiv.

⁴⁵
Bury
, 125; Cotton, 256; Guisborough, 251–2.

⁴⁶
Robert Winchelsea had reached the king and sworn fealty before 4 February:
Prests
, xxxii, n.

⁴⁷
Ibid., xxxiv; R. F. Walker, ‘The Hagnaby Chronicle and the Battle of Maes Moydog’,
Welsh History Review
, 8 (1976), 127.

⁴⁸
Ibid., 127–38;
Prests
, xxxviii; Prestwich,
Edward I
, 223.

⁴⁹
Prests
, xxviii, xxxix–xl; Beresford,
New Towns of the Middle Ages
, 49–50.

⁵⁰
Prests
, xxxv, xxxix–xliv.

⁵¹
On his journey south in May he had travelled via Llanrug:
Itinerary
, ii, 72.

⁵²
Prests
, xliv–xlvi.

⁵³
Prestwich,
Edward I
, 382–3.

⁵⁴
Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, 1293–1301
(HMSO, 1881), 88 (no. 204);
AM
, iv, 521;
PW
, i. 28–9.

⁵⁵
Flores
, iii, 94;
Itinerary
, ii, 64; R. C. Anderson, ‘English Galleys in 1295’,
Mariners’ Mirror
, 14 (1928), 221;
PROME
, 77.

⁵⁶
PW
, 226, 267; Cotton, 299; above, 178–9.

⁵⁷
NA E159/68, mm. 73–5. Cf. F. J. Willard,
Parliamentary Taxes on Personal Property, 1290 to 1334
(Cambridge Mass., 1934), 111–12.

⁵⁸
Denton,
Winchelsey
, 72;
HBC
, 104;
CCR, 1288–96
, 422.

⁵⁹
E. B. Fryde, ‘Magnate Debts to Edward I and Edward III: A Study of Common Problems and Contrasting Royal Reactions to Them’,
National Library of Wales Journal
, 27 (1992), 263–7.

⁶⁰
Ibid., 262–3;
Prests
, xlviii;
WPF
, 236n.

⁶¹
Fryde, ‘Magnate Debts’, 262.

⁶²
A. Z. Freeman, ‘A Moat Defensive: The Coast Defense Scheme of 1295’,
Speculum
, 42 (1967), 442–62; R. J. Whitwell and C. Johnson, ‘The “Newcastle” Galley, A.D. 1294’,
Archaeologia Aeliana
, 4th series, 2 (1926), 143;
HBC
, 135.

⁶³
Prests
, xlvii;
Select Cases in the Court of King’s Bench
, vol. 3, ed. G. O. Sayles (Selden Society, lviii, 1939), xlv, 50–1; J. G. Edwards, ‘The Treason of Thomas Turbeville’,
Studies in Medieval History Presented to F. M. Powicke
(Oxford, 1948), 296–309;
EHD
, iii, 918–19.

⁶⁴
RCWL
, 125;
PW
, 391–2. These pardons were not simultaneous, but spread over several weeks: NA E159/68, m. 76.

⁶⁵
NA E159/68, m. 46v (Fryde, ‘Magnate Debts’, 263). The four pardoned their tax were Arundel, William de Vescy, Henry de Grey and Peter de Mauley:
PW
, 391–2.

⁶⁶
PW
, 29–31; D. A. Carpenter, ‘The Beginnings of Parliament’,
Reign of Henry III
, 381, 406–8.

⁶⁷
PW
, 32–3, 45–6; Cotton, 299;
DNB
, xi, 749.

⁶⁸
Denton,
Winchelsey
, 7–12, 86–8.

⁶⁷
Barrow,
Bruce
, 63–4.

⁷⁰
Edwards, ‘Treason of Thomas Turbeville’, 298–9. Cf. Duncan,
Kingship
, 321–4.