A History of the Crusades (67 page)

Enrique IV
329

equipment, provision
63

Erasmus, Desiderius, and opposition to crusades
288

eschatology: and crusade ideology
261
,
285
;
see also
Last Days

L’estoire de Eracles
, and Latin East
112

Estonia, and crusades
4
,
39
,
333

Euboea
see
Negroponte

Eugenius III, pope, and crusade against Wends
3
,
39

Eugenius IV, pope, and the Balkans
277

Eustorge of Montaigu
171

Évêque de la Cassière, Jean
354

excusado
289

Al-Fadil, al-Qadi
229
,
232
,
235

Faidit, Gaucelm
93
,
105
,
107
–8

Famagusta: defences
175
,
297
–8

      Palazzo del Provveditore
171

      St Nicholas cathedral
172
,
295

      as trading centre
127
,
171
,
270
,
295
,
305
,
312
,
315
,
316
,
321

family, and crusading tradition
13
,
81
,
85
–7,
261

famine
48

fanaticism, religious
20

Farnese, Alexander
289

Fatimids: and Christians
157
,
242

      defeat in First Crusade
217

      and disintegration of Seljuk empire
217
–18,
227

      in Egypt
122
,
212
–13,
214

      and
jihad
223

Felipe IV of Spain
359
–60

Ferdinand of Aragon: and Granada
282
–3

      and Tunis
286

Fernando of Castile
345
,
346

Fernando, regent of Castile
327

Ferrand of Mallorca
300

Feuchtwangen, Siegfried von
330

feudalism: in Byzantium
129
–30

      in court poetry
95
–6

      and kingdom of Jerusalem
6
,
133
–4;
see also
lordship

Fidenzio of Padua, and crusade treatise
259

Field of Blood, battle
225

Fiennes, Ingelram de
370

Fifth Crusade (1217-29): and Egypt
38
,
134
,
236
–7

      financing
57

      
and military orders
189

      promotion and preaching
44
–5

      and recovery of Jerusalem
3
,
133

      and recruitment
48

Filangieri, Richard
128
,
135

financing: of early crusades
48
–9,
53
–89,
109

      of Granada crusade
283

      of later crusades
261
,
262
–5;
see also
indulgence; taxation

Finland, and crusades
4
,
39

Finn, James
368

First Crusade (1096–1102): achievement
59
,
79

      command structure
61
,
64

      and conquest of Jerusalem
2
,
37
,
138
,
218
–19

      financing
55
–6

      and Holy Sepulchre
77

      and Islam
19
–20,
39
,
212
,
213
,
218
–21

      and knighthood
24
–6,
35
–6,
47

      and Latin East
2
,
36
–7,
111
,
115

      leadership
2
,
35
–6,
70

      origins
19
–24

      overland route
38
,
68

      participants
12
,
68

      as penance
32
–4

      and People’s Crusade
36
,
47
,
69

      and practicalities
59
–61,
65

      promotion
42
,
78

      and recruitment
34
,
50
–1,
81
–2,
85
–7

      and‘second wave’
36
–7,
113

      and siege of Antioch
37

      and ‘third wave’
2
,
37

      and Urban II
1
–2,
19
,
25
,
27
,
29
,
33
–4,
35
–6,
37
,
73
,
138

      and violence
15
–18,
35
–6

First World War, and crusade imagery
380
–2

Flanders: and crusading ideal
80
,
85

      and Papal Schism
4
,
268

      and Spain
288
–9

fleets
see
navies

Florent of Hainault
300

Folquet, bishop of Toulouse
94

Fonseca, Manoel Pinto de
353
,
354

food supplies, and non-combatants
48

footsoldiers
25
,
49

Forey, Alan
12

Forster, E.M.
368

fortifications, stone
22

Foulques of Vullaret
324

Fourth Crusade (1202-4): and chivalry
84

      command structure
64

      and Constantinople
3
,
38
,
129
,
148
,
291

      financing
55
,
57

      promotion and preaching
44

      and recruitment
51
–2

      and songs
93

      and Venice
305
,
306
,
308

France: and Aragon
314

      and crusading ideal
80
–1,
85
–6,
368

      and effects of crusades
65

      and financing of crusades
53
–4,
55
,
56
–8,
264
–5

      and First Crusade
2
,
35
–6

      and Fourth Crusade
51
–2

      and John of England
40

      and leadership of crusades
35
–6,
295
–6,
313
–14

      and military orders
197
,
208
–10,
347
,
353
–4,
356
–7

      nineteenthcentury interest in crusades
370
–1,
372
–3,
379

      and Ottoman Turks
274
–5,
279
,
353

      and reconquest of Spain
109

      and Second Crusade
81

      war with England
47
,
259
,
266
,
267
,
274
,
284
,
314
;
see also
Albigensian Crusade

Francis I of France
284
,
285

Franciscan order, and preaching of crusades
45

Franco, Francisco
383

Franks: and call for crusade
123
;
see also
Latin East

Frederick I ‘Barbarossa’, emperor (1123–90): in Asia Minor
61

      and Third Crusade
38
,
50
–1

Frederick II, emperor (1194–1250): and Cyprus
128

      and Egypt
62

      and papacy
40

      and recovery of Jerusalem
3
,
133
–5,
149
,
238

      
and shipping
62

      and Teutonic Knights
181

freemasonry, and Knights Hospitallers
356
,
362

French: and
Chanson de Roland
91

      and crusade-songs
92
–3

French regiment in the east
136
–7

frescos
149
,
151

      church of the Nativity
144
–5,
158

      Cyprus
173

      Holy Sepulchre Church
140

      Islamic
242

      St Francis chapel
148
–9,
151

Friedrich von Hausen
103

frontier crusades
269
–72,
276

Führich, J.
374

Fulcher of Chartres
140
–1,
374

Fulk Doon of Châteaurenard
70

Fulk I of Matheflon
76

Fulk of Le Plessis-Macé
74
–5

Fulk of Neuilly, and promotion of Fourth Crusade
44

Fulk V of Jerusalem (1095–1143)
112
,
120
,
142

      and art and architecture
141
,
162

      and Islam
230

furusiyya
(horsemanship)
241
,
248

Gallipoli, and Ottoman Turks
251

Gastria, Templar castle
173

Gattilusio, Francesco
306

Gavaudan
106
,
107

Gaza, castle
167
,
184
,
186
–7

Genoa: in Aegean and Black Sea
305
–6,
312

      and Byzantium
310
–12

      and Cilicia
168

      and Cyprus
127
,
128
,
294
,
296
,
312
,
314
–16,
321

      and kingdom of Jerusalem
132
,
135

      and Mahdia crusade
271
–2

      and Mamluk sultanate
247

      and Ottoman Turks
311
–12

      and shipping contracts
61
,
66

      and Venice
305
,
307
–8,
310
,
314
–16;
see also
trade

Geoffrey and Guy of Signes
77

Geoffrey I Villehardouin
51
,
85
,
91
,
374
,
379

Geoffrey II Villehardouin (1229–46)
131

Geoffrey of Issoudun
75

Geoffrey IV of Châteaubriand
365

Geoffrey of Le Louet
74

Geoffrey Le Râle
76

Geoffrey of Sergines, as secular armsbearer
85

Gerald of Landerron
75

Gerard of Ridefort, Templar master
189

German, and crusade-songs
93

German Crusade (1197-8), and Latin settlements
3

Germany: crusade against heretics
4
,
280
–2

      crusade against Slavs
3
,
39

      and opponents of papacy
4

      and Ottoman Turks
279
;
see also
Livonia; Prussia; Teutonic Knights

Gérôme, Jean-Léon
364

Gervers, Michael
12

Géza of Hungary, and Second Crusade
62

Ghazan, ilkhan of Persia
261
,
293

ghazis
222
–3,
229
,
250
,
256

Ghiyath-al-Din Muhammad
219

Gibbon, Edward
257
,
364

Gibraltar, siege
267

Gilbert, Vivian
381
–2

gilds, and financing of crusades
54

Giovanni del Conte
171

Godfrey of Bouillon, duke of Lower Lorraine
36
,
55
,
86
,
139

      in modern imagery
366
,
367
,
368
,
376
,
379
,
384

Góngora, Luis de
346
–7

Gothman, John
165

Granada: and Aragon-Castile
246
,
282
–3,
284
–5

      conquest (1232-53)
4

      crusade (1309)
265

      and military orders
327
–8,
345

      Muslim
245
–6,
267

Grandclaude, Maurice
6

Great (Papal) Schism (1378)
4
,
268
–9,
274
,
278
,
317
,
336
–7

Greece: Byzantine reoccupation
299
–302,
310

      and crusader art
153

      Frankish control
3
,
129
–31,
148
,
291
,
299
–302,
303
–4,
306
–10

      and Knights Hospitallers
298

      Ottoman conquest
277
,
292
,
299
,
302
,
308
–9,
310

Greek Orthodox: and conquest of Byzantium
129
–30

      in Crete
309

      crusade against
4

      in kingdom of Jerusalem
113
,
115
,
123
,
157
–8,
215

      in Latin East
127
–8,
317
–19

Gregorian Reform
26
–7

Gregory IX, pope, and Frederick II
133