A History of the Crusades (65 page)

Balley Brandeburg des Ritterlichen Orderns Sankt Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem
388

Baltic: and military orders
183
–4,
185
,
187
,
188
,
206
,
208
,
276
,
344
–5, 3301;
see also
Estonia; Finland; Lithuania; Livonia; Poland; Prussia

Banu Munqidh
216
–17,
223
,
230
–1

Barbary corsairs
255
,
353

Barkayaruq, sultan
213
,
219

Barquq, sultan (1382–99)
248

basalt, for building
155

Basilius, illustrator
141
,
145

Baybars, al-Zahir, sultan (1260–77)
129
,
136
–7,
159
,
164
,
239
,
241
–2

Bayezid I, sultan (1389–1402)
252
–3,
275

Bayezid II, sultan (1481–1512)
254
–5,
277
,
299
,
337

Bazán, Alvaro
346

Beirut: cathedral
160

      Fatimid control
217

      Frankish settlement
112
,
135

Bela IV of Hungary
181

Belen Keslik Kalesi, house
170

Belgium, and Godfrey of Bouillon
379

Belgrade: defeat of Turks (1456)
4
,
277
,
279

      Ottoman capture (1521)
256
,
284

Bell, Gertrude
170

Bellapais, monastery
173
,
294

Belmont: castle
166
,
168

      Cistercian abbey
162

Belvoir castle
155
,
167
–8,
173
,
185
,
186

      chapel
146
,
155
,
163

Benedict XII, pope, and Knights Hospitallers
335

Benedictines: and crusade history
373

      in Latin East
157
,
162

Berbers: and Almoravids
243
–4

      in Spain
243
–4

Bernard of Clairvaux, St: andmilitary orders
177

      and preaching of crusade
43
,
69
–70,
82
,
83

Bertrand of Le Poujet
268

Bertrandon de la Brocquière
253

Bessarion, cardinal
278

Bethany, convent of St Lazarus
142
,
145
,
162

Bethelehem Order
350

Bethlehem, church of the Nativity
140
,
143
,
144
–5,
156
,
158

Bevin, Odo
78
–9

Black Death: in Cyprus
295
,
317

      effects in west
266
,
267
,
305

      in Mamluk sultanate
247

Black Sea: and Genoese
305

      and Ottoman Turks
254

Blanchegarde castle
167

Bodrum, castle
298
,
337
,
339

Bohemia: crusade against Hussites
4
,
280
–1

      and military orders
354

Bohemond III of Antioch, and military orders
183

Bohemond IV of Antioch (1219–33)
135

Bohemond of Taranto: and Byzantium
123

      and First Crusade
37

      and prestige as crusader
72

Bohemond VI of Antioch-Tripoli (1252–75)
136

Bongars
373

Boniface of Montferrat
64
,
94

Boniface VIII, pope, and taxation
263
,
265

booty
54

      and Fourth Crusade
149

      in
jihad
223
,
229
,
250
,
251

      and military orders
191
,
192
,
332
,
351
,
352

Bosnia, crusade against heretics
4
,
40

Bourchier, Basil
380
–1

bow: English longbow
230

      Turkish
230

Brahms, Johannes,
Rinaldo
374

Brétigny, peace of (1360)
268

Breydenbach, Bernhard von
140

Brooke, Rupert
381

Brunet of Treuil
78

Brunus, Aimery
77

Buchan, John
369
–70

Bulgaria, Turkish conquest
252

Bull, Marcus
13

bulls, papal, and promotion of crusades
42
–3,
46
,
268
,
283
,
284
,
288
–9

Burgundy, and Ottoman Turks
274
–5,
279
,
286

Bursa, and Ottoman Turks
250

Butler, Lionel
254

Byzantine empire: and Armenia
113

      and church building
156
–8

      and First Crusade
2
,
60
–1

      and Fourth Crusade
3
,
38
,
111
,
129

      and Genoa
310
,
311
–12

      and Islam
212
,
218
,
222

      and Latin East
118
,
119
,
120
–1,
123
–4,
129
–31,
144
–5,
215
,
291
–2,
299
–302,
310
–12

      and military orders
181
,
336

      and non-combatants
48

      and Ottoman Turks
2
,
252
–4,
311
–12

      and papacy
313
–14

      and People’s Crusade
36

      and Second Crusade
3

      and Third Crusade
61

      and Venice
129
,
130
–1,
310
–11;
see also
Constantinople; Greece

Cabaret, John, of Orville
273

Caesarea: cathedral
159
,
160

      defeat
239

      Frankish settlement
112

Calatrava order: conventual life
203
–4

      foundation
179
–80

      leadership
329

      military role
183
,
185
,
186
–7,
326
–8,
346

      nationalization
345
–6

      organization
201
–2,
339
–40

      resources
196
,
339

Calixtus II, pope, crusade
3
,
86

Calixtus III, pope
329

Calvary, site
142

Calvinism: and military orders
358
–9

      and opposition to crusades
285
–6

Çandir, church
170
–1

cannons, Ottoman use
253

Canso de la Crotzada
91

Capetian dynasty
260

Carmelites, in Latin East
163

Carolingians, and fragmentation
21
–2

Carpenel, Galdemar, of Dargoire
85

Cassar, Girolamo
350

Castiglione, Sabba di
355

Castile: and Aragon
246
,
267
,
284
,
326
–7

      civil war
327

      and Granada
282
–5

      and military orders
179
–80,
185
,
196
,
326
–7,
339
,
343
,
345
,
346
,
360

      and papacy
267

      and power of kings
12
,
18
,
267

castles: in Cilician Armenia
169

      in Cyprus
173
–4

      in kingdom of Jerusalem
148
,
149
,
155
,
165
–8,
184

      and military orders
145
–6,
149
,
167
–8,
173
–4,
184
–7,
199

      in Spain
185

      stone
22

Catalan Company
300
,
301
,
303
–4,
313
,
316
–17

Cathars
40
,
65
;
see also
Albigensian Crusade

Catherine of Valois
301

Catholicism: Counter-Reformation
288
–90

      and Hussites
280
–1

      and Protestantism
287

cavalry: heavy
24
–5,
49

      Muslim
229
,
234

      Ottoman
252
,
256

Cercamon, troubadour
93
,
99

Chaldiran, battle (1514)
255

Chanson d’Antioche
91

chanson de femme
102
–4

Chanson de Roland
91
–2,
107

chansons de geste
91
–3

charity, and military orders
177
,
191
,
196
,
203
,
362
,
387
–9

Charlemagne, and crusading ideal
19
–20,
91
–2

Charles of Anjou (1227–85): and battle of Tunis
52

      as Charles I of Sicily
299
–300

      and costs of crusading
53

      in Italy
88
,
181
–2

      and kingdom of Jerusalem
137

Charles of Gonzaga
350

Charles the Good of Flanders
85

Charles II of Naples, and crusade treatise
260

Charles IV, emperor
262

Charles V, emperor (1500–58): and Barbary corsairs
255

      and military orders
14
,
345
,
347

      and Ottoman Turks
285
,
287
–8

Charles VI, emperor
271
,
274

Charles VIII, emperor, invasion of Italy
277

Charlotte of Cyprus
173
,
296
–7

charters, as evidence
12
,
23
,
34
,
69
,
73
,
83
,
186

Chastel Blanc
135
,
163

Chastel Pèlerin (‘Atlit)
149
,
163
,
164
,
168
,
185

Châteaubriand, François René, vicomte de
365
–6,
373

Chevalier du Cygne
85

Children’s Crusade (1212)
3
,
47
,
69

Chios, and Latin East
291
,
306
,
310
,
312
,
316
,
321

chivalry: and crusades
13
,
84
–9,
261
,
271
–2,
275
,
364
–5

      and knighthood
24
–5,
52
,
66

      and Latin East
131

      and military orders
88
–9,
273
,
355
,
388

      Victorian interest in
369

      weakening link with crusades
276

Choziba, Orthodox monastery
158

Christ, and lordship
87

Christian of Prussia
180

Christianity, and Islam
211
–13,
221
,
223
,
234
,
242
,
248
,
257
,
311
,
312
–13,
364

Christianity, Latin: administrative structures
43
–7,
49

      in Cyprus
127
–8

      division
285
–7

      expansionism
18
–19,
65

      in Greece
129
–31

      and indigenous Christians
113
,
152
,
157
–8,
215
,
218
,
220
,
242
,
248

      and reform
12
–13,
26
–7,
39

      and violence
17
–18;
see also
clergy; laity; monasticism; papacy

church buildings: in Cilician Armenia
170
–1

      in Cyprus
171
–3

      and hybridization
318

      in kingdom of Jerusalem
58
,
157
,
159
–62

      Mamluk destruction
242

Cilicia
see
Armenia, Cilician

Circassians, and Mamluk sultanate
240
,
248

Cistercians: in Latin East
162
–3

      and military orders
202
,
345

Clarke, Edward Daniel
365

Clement IV, pope, and military orders
181

Clement V, pope (1305–14): and financing of crusades
264

      and military orders
208
–10,
323
,
325

Clement VI, pope, and recovery crusade
270

Clement VII, pope, and military orders
347