A History of the Crusades (68 page)
Read A History of the Crusades Online
Authors: Jonathan Riley-Smith
Gregory Palamas
251
Gregory VII, pope (1073–85), and reform
26
,
78
Gregory X, pope (1210–76): and crusade treatises
259
and practicalities of crusade
60
and preaching crusade
43
and recovery crusade
274
Gregory XI, pope (1329–78), and military orders
325
,
336
Grieg, Edvard
380
Grimald, knight
75
Grossi, Tomasso
379
–80
Guadix, battle (1361)
327
Guibert of Nogent
15
–16,
31
–2,
33
,
78
,
112
Guilhem Figueira
109
Guillebert of Lannoy
279
Guiot de Dijon
102
–3
Gurney, Jason
383
Guy of Bré
75
Guy of Coucy, and crusade-songs
94
Guy of Flanders, as divisional commander
64
Guy II of Athens
303
Guy of Jerusalem
234
Guy of Lusignan
126
Guy of Rochefort, and First Crusade
73
,
75
Habsburgs: and crusading
288
–90
Hadvide of Chiny
75
Hagenmeyer,
373
Haifa, Frankish capture
112
Al-Hakim, caliph (996–1021)
157
,
159
Al-Harawi,
qadi
219
Harun al-Rashid
222
Hasan-i Sabah
214
–15
Hattin, battle of (1187)
3
,
100
,
125
,
147
,
234
impact
108
Hebron, cathedral
160
Heeren, A.H.L.
373
Hélion of Villeneuve
325
Henrique, prince
329
Henry I of Cyprus (1218–53)
125
,
127
–8
Henry I, emperor (1206–16)
131
Henry II of Cyprus and Jerusalem (1285–1324)
137
,
293
–4,
313
and crusade treatise
259
Henry II of England (1133–89): and Latin East
123
,
125
and taxation
57
Henry III, emperor, and reform of papacy
26
Henry IV, emperor, and reform of papacy
26
,
39
Henry IV of England, as crusader
331
Henry of Livonia
183
Henry VI, emperor (1165–97), and Cyprus
126
and Third Crusade
51
Herbert, Aubrey
369
–70
Herbert of Thouars
80
Heredia, Juan Fernández de
325
,
336
heretics: crusades against
4
,
40
,
280
–2
and military orders
181
;
see also
Albigensian Crusade
Heym, Stefan
383
historiography: of the crusades
v
,
5
–14,
15
–16,
20
–1,
364
,
373
of military orders
340
Muslim
245
Hodeng, Ralph
74
Hohenstaufen dynasty, and papacy
40
,
41
,
65
,
181
–2,
268
Holy League: seventeenth-century
290
,
309
–10
Holy Places: and Crimean War
372
,
384
and First World War
380
–2
and Frankish settlers
122
modern travel to
365
–9
and national rivalries
368
and nineteenth-century crusade ideals
372
pilgrimage to
29
and rebuilding
142
–3
and recovery crusade
259
–65
reoccupation (1229)
150
Holy Redeemer hospital, Teruel
180
,
191
Holy Sepulchre Church, Jerusalem
77
,
81
,
112
,
124
and coronation of Latin kings
134
–5,
139
,
141
,
142
crusader burials
150
destruction
157
as goal of crusades
1
Greek and Latin clergy
158
Homedes, Juan de
347
Hompesch, Ferdinand von
357
Homs, battle
261
Honorius III, pope, and papal taxation
58
horses: shipping
62
;
see also
cavalry
Hostiensis, Cardinal
10
houses, in Latin East
164
,
165
,
169
–70
Housley, Norman
11
Hugh of Chaumont-sur-Loire
86
–7
Hugh of Gallardon
75
Hugh II of Le Puiset
71
Hugh III of Cyprus (1267–84)
128
–9,
137
,
173
Hugh IV of Cyprus (1324–59)
173
,
294
–5
Hugh Rufus of Champallement
74
Hugh of St-Pol, and financing of crusades
55
Hugh of Troyes, as pilgrim
81
Hugh of Vermandois, and First Crusade
36
Hulegu, Mongol ilkhan
238
Humbert of Beaujeu
83
Hume, David
364
Hundred Years War, and crusades
258
,
283
Hungary: and Hussites
280
–1
and Mongols
39
and Ottoman Turks
252
–3,
256
,
257
,
274
,
278
,
280
,
284
–5,
286
and Teutonic Knights
180
–1,
206
,
359
hunting: in Latin East
131
,
231
,
233
and military orders
203
Hurub al-Salibiyya
257
Hus, John
280
Hussites, crusades against
4
,
280
–2,
283
Ibelin castle
167
Ibelin family: in Cyprus
128
in Jerusalem
134
Ibn Abd al-Rahim, Hamdan
221
Ibn al-Abiwardi
219
Ibn al-Arabi
212
Ibn al-Athir
91
,
188
,
221
,
226
,
227
Ibn Iyas
246
Ibn Kathir
211
Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406)
245
,
257
Ibn al-Khashshab,
qadi
219
Ibn Matruh
233
Ibn Tashfin
243
Ibn Taymiyya
246
–7
Ibn Tumart
244
Ibn Unayn
236
–7
Ibn Wasil
238
Ibn al-Wasiti
242
icons, crusader
139
,
140
,
151
–3,
318
identity, western
66
ideology of crusades
7
–10,
49
–50
Ilghazi, Muslim leader
225
Imad al-Din al-Isfahani
147
,
229
,
232
images of crusades
363
–84
Inab, battle
122
and Albigensian Crusade
109
and Granada crusade
283
and Livonian crusade
276
opposition to
286
–7
and preaching of crusades
46
,
80
,
268
,
278
,
279
,
288
printed
297
survival
290
and vow redemption
48
Inghirami, Jacopo
349
Inness, George
375
Innocent II, pope, and western crusades
39
Innocent III, pope; (1160–1216): and Cathars
40
crusade against opponents
39
–40
and crusade treatises
259
and financing of crusades
58
and power of papacy
65
and practicalities of crusade
60
and preaching of crusade
43
,
44
,
45
–6,
148
and tithe
195
Innocent IV, pope (d.1254): and Cyprus
128
and preaching crusade
43
and Teutonic Knights
273
Innocent VIII, pope
278
Innocent XI, pope, and Holy League
309
Institut de France, and crusade research
372
–3
intercession: for crusaders
73
by saints
29
intermarriage: in Latin East
114
–15,
131
,
317
–18
in Livonia
333
Isaac Andronicus, emperor of Constantinople
125
Isaac Comnenus
125
Isabella of Achaea
300
Isabella of Castile, and Granada
282
–3
Isabella I of Jerusalem
126
Isabella II of Jerusalem, and Frederick II
133
and Charlemagne
91
–2
and Christianity
211
–13,
221
,
223
,
234
,
242
,
257
in crusade-songs
105
–7
and expansionism of Latin Christianity
18
–20,
213
and First Crusade
19
–20,
39
,
212
,
218
–21
and forcible conversion
240
,
242
and indigenous Christians
215
,
248
joint alliance against
39
and kingdom of Jerusalem
114
,
117
,
120
–5,
134
–6,
149
,
225
,
230
–1,
233
–4
and Last Days
211
–12,
217
,
223
,
235
and military orders
176
–7,
205
,
207
–8
and relations with Latin East
114
,
223
,
224
,
225
,
237
–8
and restriction on church building
157
western interest in
364
–6;
see also
Abbasid caliphate; Fatimids; Seljuks;
Shi‘i Muslims; Spain; Sunni Muslims; war, holy
Isma‘il, shah
255
Italy: crusade against heretics
4
,
88
and First Crusade
36
fourteenth-century crusades
265
,
266
,
268
merchant communities in Latin East
116
–17,
127
,
132
nineteenth-century interest in crusades
376
,
379
–80