A Trust Betrayed (44 page)

Cancer

     
DoD opposition to EPA findings on TCE,
134

     
esophageal,
250

     
IRIS data,
188–190

     
Kelly Air Force Base victims,
255–256

     
linking benzene to,
224

     
linking TCE and PCE to,
214
,
217–218
,
223

     
medical bills,
231–232

     
multiple cases in families,
222–223

     
parathyroid,
154

     
scope of ATSDR study,
143

     
TCE and PCE role in,
129–131

     
T-cell chronic leukemia,
115–117

     
See also
Breast cancer in men

Cancer incidence study,
193–194

Carbon Chloroform Extract (CCE) procedure,
54–55

Carbone, Sandra,
42–43
,
121–123

Center for Public Environmental Oversight,
240
,
256–257

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
82
,
98–99
,
116
,
190–191
,
194

CERCLA.
See
Superfund

Champlin, Richard,
116

Change.org
,
247–248

Chemical agent test kits,
88–89

Chemical dumping

     
EPA citation for,
56

     
media spotlight on widespread occurrence of,
84–85

     
Navy assessment of contamination,
58–59

     
population growth contributing to,
82–83

     
water sampling in 1980–1981,
49–50

     
See also specific chemicals

Cheney, Dick,
131–132
,
137

Children

     
aplastic anemia,
75–76

     
ATSDR study on illness in,
111–112
,
122

     
day care siting on toxic waste dump,
57
,
84
,
102–103

     
EPA report on TCE toxicity,
132–135

     
leukemia,
66–67
,
76–78
,
127
,
129
,
147

     
long-term effects of exposure,
118

     
lymphoma,
127

     
scientific advisory panel recommendations,
158

     
TCE and PCE role in illness in,
129–131

     
TCE contamination at Berkeley Manor Elementary School,
71

     
unexplained illnesses,
62–63

     
See also
Anencephaly
;
Birth defects
;
Spina bifida

Chlordane,
57
,
84

Chloroform,
81

Churchill, Jeanetta,
106–107

A Civil Action
(book and film),
110
,
120
,
156
,
162

Civil rights era,
21

Civil War, American,
24–25

Clapp, Richard,
203–204
,
206
,
258

Clean Water Act (1972),
138

Cleanup,
85–95
,
131
.
See also
Superfund

Cleft lip/cleft palate,
127

Clinton, Bill,
131
,
139

Clinton, Hillary,
184

CNN,
119
,
176
,
182
,
206–207

Cogliano, V. James,
131
,
133

Community Assistance Panel (CAP),
159

     
ATSDR inaction,
185

     
ATSDR study expansion,
193

     
cancer in multiple family members,
222–223

     
Frumkin's “national conversation” about exposure,
195

     
Mike Partain's breast cancer,
177–178

     
Partain and Ensminger's information,
179

     
praise for efforts of,
258

     
rift among survivor groups,
227–229

     
website communication,
227

Compensation

     
disability claims,
218–222
,
231–232
,
260–262

     
family litigation against the Navy,
232–238

     
Feres Doctrine as obstacle to,
231–232
,
238–239

     
formaldehyde contamination,
189–190

     
health care benefits,
208
,
215
,
244–248
,
260
,
264
,
266

     
Jeff Byron's claim for both children,
124

     
military response to claims,
118
,
170
,
181
,
217–219
,
223–224
,
265

     
scientific advisory panel recommendations,
158–159

     
veterans' disability benefits,
260

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
See
Superfund

Congress, US,
161–162

     
DoD request for exemptions,
139–140
,
145–148

     
Ensminger's testimony,
77

     
Integrated Risk Information System,
188–190

     
Janey Ensminger Act,
230

     
Jeffords's call for hearings,
142–143

     
legislation negotiations over health-care coverage,
244–248

     
Marine Corps downplaying impact of contamination,
241

     
Marine Corps redacting water well information from ATSDR studies,
242–244

     
Miller's House Committee on Science and Technology hearing,
211–213

     
NAS study,
159–160

     
NRC study on contamination-illness link,
186

     
officials' failure to shut off contaminated water supplies,
81–82

     
Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee hearing,
161–166
,
176–177

     
pressure for ATSDR study funding,
209

     
pressure for health care coverage,
208–209

     
pressure to grant disability payments,
219

     
response to Public Health Assessment,
196

     
scientific advisory panel recommendations for health studies,
158

     
Superfund,
80

     
survivor activism,
120–121

Congressional Budget Office (CBO),
246

Connally, John,
172

“Cover your ass” approach,
72–73

Criminal charges against the Navy,
167–169

Cuba,
24

Cunniff, Shannon,
134

Currey, Richard,
150

Cyanide,
88

Daily Beast
newspaper,
125–126

Daniels, Josephus,
27

Daycare center, contamination at,
57
,
84
,
102–103

Defense, Department of (DoD)

     
ATSDR request for PHA review,
197–200

     
ATSDR scientific panel recommendations,
158–159

     
congressional negotiations for compensation legislation,
244–248

     
downplaying impact of TCE exposure,
240

     
health care for victims,
208–209

     
litigation against,
234–235

     
military role in assessing contamination risks,
190

     
opposition to EPA reports on TCE toxicity,
132–135

     
request for exemptions,
139–140
,
145–148

     
response to benzene contamination,
197

     
stonewalling the ATSDR investigation,
104–112

     
Superfund sites,
80

     
victims' dissatisfaction with,
260–261

     
See also
Marine Corps/US Navy

Defense Manpower Data Center,
109

Devereaux, Fiona,
181

Devereaux, Peter,
179–181
,
212
,
219–220
,
225
,
262

Dichloro-diphenyl-dichloro-ethane (DDD),
57

Dichloro-diphenyl-dichloro-ethylene (DDE),
57

Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane (DDT),
57
,
84
,
88

Dichloroethylene (DCE),
47
,
55
,
69–70

Dickerson, Robert, Jr.,
54
,
164–166

Dingell, John,
137(quote)
,
145–147
,
152
,
161
,
170
,
209
,
244
,
251(quote)
,
254

Dioxin,
80

Disability claims,
218–222
,
231–232
,
260–262
.
See also
Compensation

Dole, Elizabeth,
120–121
,
144
,
160
,
184–185
,
231(quote)
,
247
,
258–259

Dreyer, Kelly,
104
,
140
,
164

Dry cleaners,
90
,
166–167
,
174
,
199
.
See also
ABC One-Hour Cleaners

Dubanevich, William,
238

DuBois, Raymond F.,
132

Dugard, Paul,
133–134

Duke, Doris,
3

Dukers, Herman,
143

Duncan, Mildred,
93

Dyer, Terry Fristoe,
43–44
,
119–123
,
159–160
,
185
,
225–229

Eakes, Wallace,
57

Eaton, William,
23

Edwards, John (senator),
120

Edwards, John and Connie,
237

Ellis, Earl,
26

Elston, B.W.,
94–95

Endangered Species Act (1973),
138

Ensminger, Dave,
63–64

Ensminger, Etsuko Asako,
63–66