American Experiment (457 page)

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Authors: James MacGregor Burns

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see also
liberty

civil rights,
466
,
538-9
,
629
,
657

Congress and,
321-3
,
360
,
365
,
370-1
,
375-8
,
383

Eisenhower and,
322-3
,
352
,
359

as election issue: 1948 Democratic plank,
237
; in 1952,
250
; 1960 Democratic plank,
325
,
359
; in 1968,
415
,
416

Johnson and,
322-3
,
324
,
375
,
377-8
,
381-2
,
383-4

Kennedy and,
323-4
,
326
,
359-60
,
362
,
365-6
,
367-72
,
374-5
,
376

Supreme Court decisions,
321-2
,
347
,
352
,
365
,
596
,
651
,
652
,
653

Truman’s stand for,
236
,
249
,
321
,
359

Civil Rights Act of 1957,
322
,
376

Civil Rights Act of 1960,
323-4

Civil Rights Act of 1964,
375-8
,
437
,
651

civil rights movement,
401
,
460-1

Big Six,
371

Black Power,
387-8
,
398-401

leadership split,
386-8
,
398-9

nonviolence,
352
,
357
,
363
,
364
,
366-8
,
383
,
400
; abandoned,
386
,
388
,
398
,
400

in North,
384
,
385-6
,
388
,
397-401

and peace movement,
401
,
408
,
418

sexism in,
441-3

in South,
321-3
,
347-72
,
375-84
,
386-8
; Freedom Summer,
380
,
384
,
395
; group-centered vs. charismatic leadership debate,
356-8
,
364
,
384
,
388
; vs. the Kennedy Administration,
359-72
,
374-5
; murders,
352
,
372
,
380
,
382-3
,
384
; strategy debate on desegregation vs. pursuit of political clout,
321-2
,
359
,
363-4
,
366
,
371
,
378-8
.

Civil War,
175
,
313
,
646
,
665

Civil Works Administration (CWA),
34

Clark, Bennett Champ,
83
,
94
,
155

Clark, Kenneth B.,
369
,
385
,
571
,
631

class relationships,
189
,
443-5
,
564
,
600-1

conflict engendered by New Deal,
41-54

Clean Air Acts:

of 1963 and 1965,
389

of 1970,
466

Cleveland, Grover,
655
,
657

Clifford, Clark,
411-12

Coburn, Charles,
136

Cocker, Joe,
427

Coffin, William Sloane,
513

Cohen, Ben,
45
,
74

Cohen, Jacob,
127

Cohn, Nik,
428

Cohn, Roy,
251

Colby, Bainbridge,
122

cold war,
225-9
,
232-4
,
239
,
253-4
,
286
,
288
,
332-5
,
340
,
526-9
,
536
,
546

Berlin crises,
238
,
239
,
240
,
261
,
333

intellectual critics of US policies of,
288-94

newspaper reporting on,
282-3
,
286

seeds of,
218
,
220-2

Soviet and US mutual perceptions and misperceptions,
220-2
,
227-8
,
229
,
233-4
,
241-2
,
254
,
262
,
301-2
,
526-8

see also
Afghanistan; arms race; Cuban missile crisis; détente; Korean War

Cole, Wayne S.,
154

collective bargaining right,
33
,
46-8
,
70
,
75
,
90

colleges,
597-8
,
622
,
663

Collier’s
magazine,
284

Collins, Judy,
407

Collins, Michael,
581

colonialism,
208
,
218
,
304-5
,
338-9
,
341-2
,
470

Colson, Charles,
426
,
499
,
513

Columbia University, student unrest,
413-14

Cominform (Communist Information Bureau),
233

Comintern (Communist International),
52
,
123

Commentary
(journal),
627

Commission on the Status of Women,
433
,
434
,
438

Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO),
79
,
97
,
99-100
,
107

see also
Congress of Industrial Organizations

Committee for Nonviolent Action (CNVA),
391-2
,
407

Committee on Administrative Management,
115

Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity,
370

Committee on the Constitutional System,
645

Committee to Reelect the President (CRP, CREEP),
500-1
,
503

communism, communists,
220-1
,
532
,
538
,
618

American,
42
,
50
,
51
,
52-4
,
79
,
84-5
,
123
,
142
,
165
,
408
,
603

American fears of,
45
,
47
,
48-9
,
112
,
220
,
230-2
,
243-6
,
252
,
254
,
258-9
,
266
,
353
,
401-4
,
546
; blacklisting,
231
;
see also
anticommunism

American intellectuals and,
277

doctrinal disputes within,
336

FDR charged with,
43
,
44-5
,
81-2
,
85
,
112
,
204-5

global: Soviet promotion of,
221
,
227-8
,
242
; Soviet-Chinese split,
265
,
469
,
474
,
476
,
485-6
,
488
,
526-9

imputed to artists, actors, writers,
132
,
134
,
138
,
139
,
140
,
141-2
,
231
,
607

in North Korea,
240-1

in Poland,
206-7
,
214
,
224
,
644

State Department charged with,
231-2
,
243-5
,
252

Third World,
305
,
404
; Cuba,
336
;

Indochina,
342
,
343
,
401-4
,
481-2

Communist Control Act,
258-9

Communist party, US,
52-3
,
123
,
243
,
258-9

community action programs,
569
,
570-1

computer-related crime,
515

computers,
543
,
550-1

Conant, James B.,
270
,
549

conformity,
280
,
285

in newspaper world,
282

Congress, US,
116
,
126
,
647

and civil rights measures,
321-3
,
360
,
365
,
370-1
,
375-8
,
383

cross-party coalitions in,
87
,
109
,
119
,
132
,
191
,
466
,
638
,
640
,
645

and ERA,
439
,
458

FDR and, after 1936,
93-6
,
104-7
,
108-11
,
112-13
,
116
,
126
,
132
,
135
,
191-2
; in foreign affairs,
155-6
,
158-9
,
162
,
210
,
491
,
494-5

and Great Society legislation,
389
,
566

isolationism in,
154
,
155-6
,
158-9

and Marshall Plan,
233

and New Deal: arts programs killed,
132
,
135
,
138
; First Hundred Days,
23
,
24-7
,
30
; obstructionism and opposition,
104-5
,
106
,
108
,
112-13
,
135
,
191
,
215
,
376
; Second Hundred Days,
75-6

Reagan and,
633
,
639-40
,
642

seniority system,
116
,
126
,
321

special-interest pressures on,
107
,
192
,
642
,
647-8

Tonkin Gulf Resolution of,
403-4

and World War II,
160
,
167
,
169-70

see also
elections and campaigns: congressional; House of Representatives; Senate

Congress for Cultural Freedom,
277
,
296

“congressional” parties, Democratic and Republican,
119
,
126
,
236

and civil rights legislation,
321-2
,
376-8

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO),
107-8
,
186-7
,
603

see also
AFL-CIO; Committee for Industrial Organization

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),
189
,
356
,
361
,
369
,
371
,
387-8
,
394
,
399

Congress to Unite Women,
450

Conkin, Paul,
127

Connally, John,
657

Connally, Thomas,
94

Connor, Eugene “Bull,”
367-9

consciousness-raising,
445
,
454-6

conservation,
25
,
26
,
40
,
76
,
213
,
214

conservatism, conservatives,
123
,
540
,
624-9
,
652
,
655
,
667

agenda of,
627-9

anti-abortionism of,
448
,
628

anticommunism of,
629

coalitions across party lines,
87
,
109
,
132
,
191
,
466
,
638
,
640

definition of freedom by,
42
,
123
,
667
,
672

Democrats,
30
,
42
,
73
,
108-9
,
117-19
,
191
,
320
; Reagan and,
638
; Southern,
80
,
112
,
118-19
,
236-7
,
248-9
,
250
,
320
,
466
,
640

doctrinal factions,
627-9

economic views of,
42
,
560
,
562
,
627

FDR denounced by,
41-5
,
71

journals, think tanks, etc.,
627
,
630

Nixon as disappointment to,
557
,
625

populists,
626
,
627-8
,
629

Reagan as disappointment to,
642-4

Reagan as unifier of,
628-9
,
636-8

Republicans,
42
,
109
,
119
,
120
,
466
,
560
,
636-8
; anti-New Deal,
43
,
83
(see also
Republican party)

resurgence of,
462
,
558
,
624-6
; and

capture of GOP,
636-8

views on crime,
516
,
519

see also
right wing

Constitution, US,
42
,
88
,
95
,
115-16
,
126
,
277
,
294
,
507
,
532-3
,
633-4
,
642
,
645-50
,
654-5
,
665
,
680

checks and balances problems,
42
,
88
,
115
,
491
,
632
,
633
,
645-9

interstate commerce clause,
73-4

majority rule vs. minority rights,
42
,
88

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