American Experiment (457 page)
Read American Experiment Online
Authors: James MacGregor Burns
see also
liberty
civil rights,
466
,
538-9
,
629
,
657
Congress and,
321-3
,
360
,
365
,
370-1
,
375-8
,
383
as election issue: 1948 Democratic plank,
237
; in 1952,
250
; 1960 Democratic plank,
325
,
359
; in 1968,
415
,
416
Johnson and,
322-3
,
324
,
375
,
377-8
,
381-2
,
383-4
Kennedy and,
323-4
,
326
,
359-60
,
362
,
365-6
,
367-72
,
374-5
,
376
Supreme Court decisions,
321-2
,
347
,
352
,
365
,
596
,
651
,
652
,
653
Truman’s stand for,
236
,
249
,
321
,
359
Civil Rights Act of 1957,
322
,
376
Civil Rights Act of 1960,
323-4
Civil Rights Act of 1964,
375-8
,
437
,
651
civil rights movement,
401
,
460-1
Big Six,
371
nonviolence,
352
,
357
,
363
,
364
,
366-8
,
383
,
400
; abandoned,
386
,
388
,
398
,
400
in North,
384
,
385-6
,
388
,
397-401
and peace movement,
401
,
408
,
418
sexism in,
441-3
in South,
321-3
,
347-72
,
375-84
,
386-8
; Freedom Summer,
380
,
384
,
395
; group-centered vs. charismatic leadership debate,
356-8
,
364
,
384
,
388
; vs. the Kennedy Administration,
359-72
,
374-5
; murders,
352
,
372
,
380
,
382-3
,
384
; strategy debate on desegregation vs. pursuit of political clout,
321-2
,
359
,
363-4
,
366
,
371
,
378-8
.
Civil Works Administration (CWA),
34
Clark, Bennett Champ,
83
,
94
,
155
Clark, Kenneth B.,
369
,
385
,
571
,
631
class relationships,
189
,
443-5
,
564
,
600-1
conflict engendered by New Deal,
41-54
Clean Air Acts:
of 1963 and 1965,
389
of 1970,
466
Clifford, Clark,
411-12
Coburn, Charles,
136
Cocker, Joe,
427
Coffin, William Sloane,
513
Cohen, Jacob,
127
Cohn, Nik,
428
Cohn, Roy,
251
Colby, Bainbridge,
122
cold war,
225-9
,
232-4
,
239
,
253-4
,
286
,
288
,
332-5
,
340
,
526-9
,
536
,
546
Berlin crises,
238
,
239
,
240
,
261
,
333
intellectual critics of US policies of,
288-94
newspaper reporting on,
282-3
,
286
Soviet and US mutual perceptions and misperceptions,
220-2
,
227-8
,
229
,
233-4
,
241-2
,
254
,
262
,
301-2
,
526-8
see also
Afghanistan; arms race; Cuban missile crisis; détente; Korean War
Cole, Wayne S.,
154
collective bargaining right,
33
,
46-8
,
70
,
75
,
90
Collier’s
magazine,
284
Collins, Judy,
407
Collins, Michael,
581
colonialism,
208
,
218
,
304-5
,
338-9
,
341-2
,
470
Columbia University, student unrest,
413-14
Cominform (Communist Information Bureau),
233
Comintern (Communist International),
52
,
123
Commentary
(journal),
627
Commission on the Status of Women,
433
,
434
,
438
Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO),
79
,
97
,
99-100
,
107
see also
Congress of Industrial Organizations
Committee for Nonviolent Action (CNVA),
391-2
,
407
Committee on Administrative Management,
115
Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity,
370
Committee on the Constitutional System,
645
Committee to Reelect the President (CRP, CREEP),
500-1
,
503
communism, communists,
220-1
,
532
,
538
,
618
American,
42
,
50
,
51
,
52-4
,
79
,
84-5
,
123
,
142
,
165
,
408
,
603
American fears of,
45
,
47
,
48-9
,
112
,
220
,
230-2
,
243-6
,
252
,
254
,
258-9
,
266
,
353
,
401-4
,
546
; blacklisting,
231
;
see also
anticommunism
American intellectuals and,
277
doctrinal disputes within,
336
FDR charged with,
43
,
44-5
,
81-2
,
85
,
112
,
204-5
global: Soviet promotion of,
221
,
227-8
,
242
; Soviet-Chinese split,
265
,
469
,
474
,
476
,
485-6
,
488
,
526-9
imputed to artists, actors, writers,
132
,
134
,
138
,
139
,
140
,
141-2
,
231
,
607
in North Korea,
240-1
State Department charged with,
231-2
,
243-5
,
252
Third World,
305
,
404
; Cuba,
336
;
Communist Control Act,
258-9
Communist party, US,
52-3
,
123
,
243
,
258-9
community action programs,
569
,
570-1
computer-related crime,
515
in newspaper world,
282
and civil rights measures,
321-3
,
360
,
365
,
370-1
,
375-8
,
383
cross-party coalitions in,
87
,
109
,
119
,
132
,
191
,
466
,
638
,
640
,
645
FDR and, after 1936,
93-6
,
104-7
,
108-11
,
112-13
,
116
,
126
,
132
,
135
,
191-2
; in foreign affairs,
155-6
,
158-9
,
162
,
210
,
491
,
494-5
and Great Society legislation,
389
,
566
isolationism in,
154
,
155-6
,
158-9
and Marshall Plan,
233
and New Deal: arts programs killed,
132
,
135
,
138
; First Hundred Days,
23
,
24-7
,
30
; obstructionism and opposition,
104-5
,
106
,
108
,
112-13
,
135
,
191
,
215
,
376
; Second Hundred Days,
75-6
special-interest pressures on,
107
,
192
,
642
,
647-8
Tonkin Gulf Resolution of,
403-4
and World War II,
160
,
167
,
169-70
see also
elections and campaigns: congressional; House of Representatives; Senate
Congress for Cultural Freedom,
277
,
296
“congressional” parties, Democratic and Republican,
119
,
126
,
236
and civil rights legislation,
321-2
,
376-8
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO),
107-8
,
186-7
,
603
see also
AFL-CIO; Committee for Industrial Organization
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),
189
,
356
,
361
,
369
,
371
,
387-8
,
394
,
399
Congress to Unite Women,
450
Conkin, Paul,
127
Connally, John,
657
Connally, Thomas,
94
Connor, Eugene “Bull,”
367-9
consciousness-raising,
445
,
454-6
conservation,
25
,
26
,
40
,
76
,
213
,
214
conservatism, conservatives,
123
,
540
,
624-9
,
652
,
655
,
667
agenda of,
627-9
anticommunism of,
629
coalitions across party lines,
87
,
109
,
132
,
191
,
466
,
638
,
640
definition of freedom by,
42
,
123
,
667
,
672
Democrats,
30
,
42
,
73
,
108-9
,
117-19
,
191
,
320
; Reagan and,
638
; Southern,
80
,
112
,
118-19
,
236-7
,
248-9
,
250
,
320
,
466
,
640
doctrinal factions,
627-9
economic views of,
42
,
560
,
562
,
627
journals, think tanks, etc.,
627
,
630
Nixon as disappointment to,
557
,
625
Reagan as disappointment to,
642-4
Reagan as unifier of,
628-9
,
636-8
Republicans,
42
,
109
,
119
,
120
,
466
,
560
,
636-8
; anti-New Deal,
43
,
83
(see also
Republican party)
resurgence of,
462
,
558
,
624-6
; and
capture of GOP,
636-8
see also
right wing
Constitution, US,
42
,
88
,
95
,
115-16
,
126
,
277
,
294
,
507
,
532-3
,
633-4
,
642
,
645-50
,
654-5
,
665
,
680
checks and balances problems,
42
,
88
,
115
,
491
,
632
,
633
,
645-9
interstate commerce clause,
73-4