American Warlord (50 page)
Authors: Johnny Dwyer
31.
“Liberia: JPC, Others Want Chucky Prosecuted,”
News
(Monrovia), September 30, 2002, allAfrica,
http://allafrica.com/stories/200209300223.html
.
32.
George Wortuah, interview by author, June 7, 2007.
33.
Anonymous, interview by author, June 17, 2009.
34.
“The Driver of Charles Taylor’s Notorious Son Beaten to Death,”
Perspective
, September 20, 2002,
http://www.theperspective.org/gono.html
.
35.
U.S. ambassador to Liberia to U.S. secretary of state, October 1, 2002, U.S. Department of State, Document E40, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
36.
United States vs. Roy M. Belfast, Jr.
, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida, Miami Division, Trial Transcript, October 8, 2008.
37.
Christopher Menephar, “General Front Line Report Bomi, Gbojay, Arthington Mont., Bomi Co. Liberia,” Anti-Terrorist Unit, Monrovia, Liberia, July 22, 2002.
38.
Republic of Liberia, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, “More Revelations on Mahel Massacre?” April 30, 2008,
http://trcofliberia.org/press_releases/149
.
ABT
1.
U.S. ambassador to Liberia to U.S. secretary of state, October 18, 2002, U.S. Department of State, Cable code PTQ5542, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
2.
Prosecutor vs. Charles Ghankay Taylor
, Special Court for Sierra Leone, Case no. SCSL-2003-01-T, Trial Chamber II, Trial Transcript, August 27, 2009.
3.
U.S. ambassador to Liberia to U.S. secretary of state, October 11, 2002, U.S. Department of State, Cable code PTO8318, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
4.
Ibid.
5.
U.S. ambassador to Liberia to U.S. secretary of state, October 22, 2002, U.S. Department of State, Cable code PTO8836, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
6.
U.S. ambassador to Liberia to U.S. secretary of state, October 4, 2002, U.S. Department of State, Cable code PTQ8446, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
7.
Christopher Neyor, “Petroleum Activities in Liberia,” National Oil Company of Liberia, June 15, 2011,
http://www.developingmarkets.com/sites/default/files/session-2-neyor.pdf
(accessed June 23, 2014).
8.
UN Security Council, Resolution 1315 (2000), August 14, 2000,
http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1315(2000)
.
9.
U.S. ambassador to Liberia to U.S. secretary of state, January 31, 2003, U.S. Department of State, Document E509, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
10.
U.S. ambassador to Guinea to U.S. secretary of state, July 27, 2003, U.S. Department of State, Cable reference 215822, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
11.
Lynn Henderson, interviews by author, January 15 and May 24, 2008; May 30, 2009; April 8, 2010; and June 2, 2011.
12.
Ibid.
13.
Prosecutor vs. Charles Gankhay Taylor
, Special Court for Sierra Leone, “The Taylor Trial,”
http://www.rscsl.org/Taylor.html
.
14.
Christopher Menephar, interviews by author, June 18–19, 2009; August 2010; December 12, 2010.
15.
Prosecutor vs. Charles Gankhay Taylor
, Special Court for Sierra Leone, Case no. SCSL-2003-01-T, Trial Chamber II, Trial Transcript, July 18, 2008.
16.
Menephar interviews.
17.
Prosecutor vs. Taylor
, Trial Transcript, May 15, 2008.
18.
Republic of Liberia, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, “Witness: Moses Blah Participated in Sam Bockarie’s Killing,” January 31, 2009,
http://trcofliberia.org/press_releases/48
.
19.
Tucker Carlson, “The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen,”
Esquire
, November 1, 2003.
20.
Robert Ferguson, interviews by author, June 10–11, 2010.
21.
“David M. Crane,” Syracuse University College of Law,
http://www.law.syr.edu/deans-faculty-staff/profile.aspx?fac=152
.
22.
U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on International Relations, Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights, and International Operations, “The Impact of Liberia’s Election on West Africa,” hearing, 109th Congress, 2nd session, February 8, 2006.
23.
Ferguson interviews.
24.
Menephar interviews.
25.
Henderson interviews.
26.
Ibid.
27.
U.S. ambassador to Liberia to U.S. ambassador to Ghana, June 10, 2003, U.S. Department of State, Document E540, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
28.
Henderson interviews.
29.
Ibid.
30.
Ibid.
31.
Roy Belfast (aka Chucky Taylor), interview by author, April 15, 2012.
32.
Henderson interviews.
33.
Nimley interviews.
34.
Ferguson interviews.
35.
Steven Pinker,
The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined
(New York: Viking, 2011), loc. 11863, online.
Exile
1.
U.S. secretary of state to all diplomatic and consular posts, July 26, 2003, U.S. Department of State, Document E60, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
2.
Ibid.
3.
Kirk Semple with Somini Sengupta, “Pushing Peace in Africa, Bush Tells Liberian President to Quit,”
New York Times
, June 26, 2003.
4.
Robert Ferguson, interviews by author, June 10–11, 2010.
5.
U.S. ambassador to Liberia to U.S. secretary of state, June 27, 2003, U.S. Department of State, Document E550, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
6.
Christopher Menephar, interviews by author, June 18–19, 2009; August 2010; December 12, 2010.
7.
Samuel Nimley, interview by author, June 3, 2007; April 22 and June 17, 2009.
8.
Yolanda Belfast vs. Roy Belfast
, Circuit Court of the Ninth Judicial Circuit, Orange County, Florida, Case no. DR03-7541, “Request for Admissions,” p. 4.
9.
Craig Timberg, “Liberia’s Taylor Found and Arrested,”
Washington Post
, March 30, 2006.
10.
“Former Liberia Leader Was Denied an Opportunity to Run the Country, Says Ex-Wife,”
Trinidad Guardian
, August 15, 2003.
11.
Dion Camacho and Sean Poland, interviews by author, May 8–9, 2010.
12.
Lynn Henderson to author, May 3–4, 2010.
13.
United States vs. Roy M. Belfast, Jr.
, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida, Miami Division, Trial Transcript, October 8, 2008.
14.
John Tarnue, interview by author, June 2007.
15.
Chucky Taylor, statement, August 17, 2008.
16.
Lynn Henderson, interviews by author, January 15 and May 24, 2008; May 30, 2009; April 8, 2010; and June 2, 2011.
17.
Lynn Henderson v. Charles McArthur Taylor Jr.
, Circuit Court of the Ninth Judicial Circuit, Orange County, Florida, Case no. DR05-13790, “Verified Petition for Dissolution of Marriage,” June 15, 2005.
18.
Henderson interviews.
19.
Camacho and Poland interviews.
20.
Ibid.
ICE
1.
Matthew Baechtle, interviews by author, May 25 and August 16, 2010.
2.
Thomas J. Ridge and Lary Bloom,
The Test of Our Times: America Under Siege … And How We Can Be Safe Again
(New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2009).
3.
Baechtle interviews.
4.
George W. Bush, “Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting the Importation of Certain Goods from Liberia,” Executive Order 13348, July 27, 2004,
http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Documents/13348.pdf
.
5.
Baechtle interviews.
6.
Johnny Dwyer, “Trying Times in Little Liberia,”
Village Voice
, August 19, 2003.
7.
UN Security Council,
Report of the Panel of Experts Pursuant to Resolution 1343 (2001), Paragraph 19, Concerning Liberia
, October 26, 2001, S/2001/1015,
http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/Liberia2/1015e.pdf
.
8.
Baechtle interviews.
9.
John Tarnue, interview by author, June 2007.
10.
Prosecutor vs. Charles Ghankay Taylor
, Special Court for Sierra Leone, Case no. SCSL-2003-01-T, Trial Chamber II, Trial Transcript, February 18, 2010.
11.
Tarnue interview.
12.
Prosecutor vs. Taylor
, Trial Transcript, February 18, 2010.
13.
Tarnue interview.
14.
Hassan Bility, interview by author, May 2007.
15.
United States vs. Roy M. Belfast, Jr.
, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida, Miami Division, Trial Transcript, October 16, 2008.
16.
Mona Ragheb, interview by author, May 25, 2010.
17.
Ibid.
18.
U.S. secretary of state to all diplomatic and consular posts, July 26, 2003, U.S. Department of State, Document E60, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
19.
Chief of mission of U.S. embassy in Monrovia, Liberia, to U.S. ambassador in Ougadougou, Burkina Faso, June 9, 1995, U.S. Department of State, Document E1, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
20.
U.S. secretary of state to U.S. ambassador to Liberia, March 23, 2005, U.S. Department of State, Document E82, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
21.
Ibid.
22.
U.S. ambassador to Trinidad to U.S. ambassador to Liberia, March 23, 2005, U.S. Department of State, Document E82, National Security Archive, George Washington University.
23.
United States vs. Belfast
, “Government Exhibit CE-5,” October 1, 2008.
24.
Baechtle interviews.
25.
United States vs. Belfast
, “United States’ Supplemental Pleading on Defendant’s Pre-Trial Motions Referred to Magistrate Judge,” Case no.1:06-cr-207 58-CMA, June 18, 2007.
26.
Samuel Nimley, interviews by author, June 3, 2007; April 22 and June 17, 2009.
27.
Michael D. Bayer,
The Blue Planet: Informal International Police Networks and National Intelligence
(Washington, D.C.: National Defense Intelligence College, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, NDIC Press, 2010), p. 106.
28.
United States vs. Charles McArthur Emmanuel
, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida, Criminal no. 06-2355-PRP, “Affidavit of Special Agent Christopher Malone in Support of an Arrest Warrant and Criminal Complaint,” March 30, 2008.
29.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,
This Child Will Be Great: Memoir of a Remarkable Life by Africa’s First Woman President
(New York: Harper, 2009), p. 179.
30.
“Liberia: Staying Focused,” International Crisis Group, January 13, 2006,
http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/africa/west-africa/liberia/B036-liberia-staying-focused.aspx
.
31.
U.S. House of Representatives, “Address by Her Excellency Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of the Republic of Liberia,” 109th Congress, 2nd session, March 15, 2006,
http://1.usa.gov/1nXeajt
.
32.
Baechtle interviews.
33.
Ibid.
34.
18 US Code § 2340,
http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2340
.
35.
U.S. Congress,
Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995
, H.R. 2333, 103rd Congress (1993–94),
https://beta.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/2333
.
36.
Jay Bybee, “Memorandum for Alberto R. Gonzales, Counsel to the President, Re: Standards of Conduct for Interrogation under 18 U.S.C. §§ 2340-2340A,” U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel, August 1, 2002.
37.
Baechtle interviews.
38.
Ragheb interview.
39.
Zachary Mills, “Does the World Need Knights Errant to Combat Enemies of All Mankind? Universal Jurisdiction, Connecting Links, and Civil Liability,”
Washington and Lee Law Review
66, no. 3 (2009): 1315–67.
40.
Henry Kissinger, “The Pitfalls of Universal Jurisdiction,”
Foreign Affairs
(July–August 2001), online.
41.
Baechtle interviews.
Flight
1.
United States vs. Roy M. Belfast, Jr.
, U.S. District Court, Southern District of Florida, Miami Division, Trial Transcript, October 16, 2008.
2.
Samuel Nimley, interview by author, June 3, 2007; April 22 and June 17, 2009.
3.
Courtenay Griffiths, interview by author, June 12, 2009.
4.
United States vs. Belfast
, Trial Transcript, October 16, 2008.
5.
Craig Timberg, “Liberia’s Taylor Found and Arrested,”
Washington Post
, March 30, 2006.
6.
Matthew Baechtle, interviews by author, May 25 and August 16, 2010.
7.
United States vs. Charles McArthur Emmanuel
, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, Criminal no. 06-2355-PRP, “Affidavit of Special Agent Christopher Malone in Support of an Arrest Warrant and Criminal Complaint,” March 30, 2008.