Ashoka: The Search for India's Lost Emperor (67 page)

North, Frederick,
98

Nysa, city of,
49

Oertal, F.O.,
333
–
4
,
336

Old Testament,
37
,
250

Omphis of Taxila,
King
,
46
,
48
,
51
,
52
,
53
,
54
,
55

Orientalism, European,
xv
–
xvii
,
xix
,
43
,
78
,
113
,
123
–
31
,
200
,
249
,
332
; in Ceylon,
98
–
100
,
102
–
4
; hostility of local inhabitants,
155
–
7
,
339
–
40
; John Marshall as first Orientalist,
17
–
19
,
23
,
138
,
332
; opposition to Anglicists and evangelicals,
115
,
154
; Sanskrit and,
23
–
4
,
31
–
3

Oxford History of India
,
315

Padmavati (Ashoka’s queen),
192
,
298

Pakse, Rajah,
99

Pala dynasty,
3

paleontology,
294
–
5

Palibothra or Palimbothra
see
Pataliputra (capital city of Magadha)

the Pandavas,
7
,
10
–
11
,
17
–
18

Pandya (Pida) tribes,
175

Panguraria MRE site,
349
–
51
,
376

Panini (grammarian),
363

Parkham giant,
299
,
335
,
336

Parthia,
62
–
3
,
260

Parvataka, King,
83
–
4
,
366
,
367

Pataliputra (capital city of Magadha, also Palibothra or Palimbothra),
80
,
342
,
363
,
368
,
376
; archaeological excavations,
317
–
26
,
325
;
Ashoka seizes power in,
144
,
189
–
91
,
377
–
9
; after Ashoka’s death,
395
,
396
; blinded Kunala returns to,
193
–
4
,
392
; Chandragupta’s attack on,
66
,
83
; Faxian and Xuanzang in,
207
–
8
,
216
,
317
; geographical location of,
61
–
2
,
64
–
5
; Great Assembly Hall,
325
,
326
,
386
–
7
; Patna as site of,
64
–
5
,
68
,
224
,
317
–
20
,
387
; Seleukos and,
59
,
61
; in Taranatha’s
History
,
197
–
9
;
see also Ashokarama
(monastic complex)

Patna,
17
,
34
,
38
,
63
,
317
–
20
,
322
,
323
,
326
,
339
; Kumrahar village,
319
–
24
,
321
,
325
;
as site of Pataliputra,
64
–
5
,
68
,
224
,
317
–
20
,
387

Peithon (Macedonian general),
57
,
59
,
68

Peppé, William Claxton,
326
–
8

Perdiccas (Macedonian general),
56

Persepolis,
55
,
324

Persia,
46
–
7
,
50
,
51
,
55
–
6
,
164
,
321
,
326
,
336
; Achaeminids,
46
,
324
,
354
,
363
; language and,
10
,
24
,
31
,
133
,
376
; Sassanid emperors,
209
,
211
; Seleucid Empire,
57
,
58
,
59
–
60
,
61
,
62
–
3
,
176
,
335
,
367
,
368
,
374

Peterson, Dr Peter,
286
–
7

Petissa the Second, King of Lanka,
100
–
2

Philippos (Macedonian general),
53
,
54
,
55
,
59
,
366

Pillar Edicts,
xi
–
xii
,
186
,
388
–
90
,
418
–
25
; in Afghanistan,
338
–
9
; Ashoka revealed as author of,
168
–
9
,
179
–
80
,
249
; compared to Rock Edicts,
170
–
1
; condition of those surviving,
352
–
3
; dating of,
268
,
296
,
298
,
381
–
2
,
385
; deliberate destruction of,
352
,
353
,
354
,
359
,
397
; at Deorkothar monastic complex,
358
–
9
; Dharma concept in,
xix
,
165
,
167
,
171
–
5
,
176
–
8
,
179
–
80
,
358
,
383
,
389
; Gotihawa,
327
; influence of
Arthashastra
on,
307
–
8
; at Kosambi,
257
; Lauriya-Araraj pillar,
106
,
140
,
292
; Lauriya-Nandangarh pillar,
17
–
18
,
18
,
38
,
138
,
139
–
40
,
246
; Lumbini pillar,
214
–
15
,
303
,
312
–
13
,
326
,
387
; Nigliva Sagar inscription (Western Nepal),
310
–
12
,
311
,
313
,
327
,
387
; Prinsep’s translations of,
159
–
68
; production of,
353
–
4
; Rampurva pillars,
292
–
4
; royal highway in North Bihar,
387
; at Sanchi,
244
–
6
,
245
;
sanctity of,
340
; at Sarnath,
215
,
226
,
331
,
334
; Schism Edicts,
244
–
5
,
257
,
334
,
352
,
382
; size of,
353
; tally of known Edicts (in 1877),
295
–
6
; transportation of,
295
–
6
,
353

pillars, monumental: at Allahabad,
16
,
71
,
85
,
109
,
137
–
8
,
140
,
159
,
163
,
244
,
294
; at
Bhaskareshvara,
109
–
10
; at Delhi Ridge,
13
,
85
; seen by della Tomba and Law,
23
,
38
; at Hisar,
10
,
15
; John Marshall sees (1670s),
17
–
18
; at Kushinagara,
215
; at Sankisa,
207
,
213
–
14
,
255
–
7
,
259
; Staff of Shiva at Varanasi,
19
–
20
,
21
,
22
; at Vaishali,
151
,
215
; Xuanzang and,
213
–
14
,
215
,
216
,
226
,
253
,
255
,
312
–
13
,
334
;
see also
Lat of Firoz Shah (Delhi); Pillar Edicts (PE
1
–
7
)

Pindaris (marauding gangs),
105
–
6

Piprahwa stupas,
326
–
30

Pliny the Elder,
58
,
59
–
60
,
61

Plutarch (Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus),
50
,
54
,
57
,
58

Polier, Antoine,
40

Poros, King,
16
,
46
,
52
–
3
,
54
,
56
,
57
,
365

Pradhan, D.R.,
361

Pradotya dynasty,
34

Prinsep, Henry Thoby,
154

Prinsep, James,
123
–
5
,
129
–
42
,
225
,
226
,
229
,
268
,
295
,
341
; as Asiatic Society Secretary,
130
–
3
,
138
,
139
,
141
–
2
,
154
–
5
,
159
–
65
; Brahmi No. 1 script and,
138
–
41
,
153
,
158
–
68
,
169
–
78
,
179
–
80
; coinage and,
129
,
133
–
4
,
135
,
137
,
161
,
163
,
201
; death of,
123
,
180
–
1
,
183
,
201
; drawings/engravings by,
28
,
96
,
120
,
129
,
135
,
138
,
153
;
Kharosthi language and,
133
,
230
; memorial structure (Kolkata),
121
–
3
,
122
;
mistakes Devanamapiyatissa for Ashoka,
164
–
8
; proto-Sanskrit languages and,
137
,
230
; reading of Girnar and Dhauli rock inscriptions,
158
,
163
,
170
–
8
,
282
; Sanchi inscriptions and,
153
,
158
–
62
,
163
,
168
,
236
,
238
; translation of Firoz Shah Lat inscription,
162
,
163
–
8

Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha,
22

Ptolemy (Greek geographer),
45
,
290

Ptolemy II Philadelphos,
178
,
179
,
259
,
260

Ptolemy III,
62
,
179

Ptolemy of Egypt,
49
,
62
,
178
,
368

Punjab,
15
,
21
,
53
–
4
,
57
,
131
,
132
,
205
,
228
–
35
,
260
–
2

Puranas
,
28
,
76
,
80
,
141
,
142
,
200
,
221
,
238
,
306
; Ashoka in,
xi
,
35
,
36
,
68
,
77
,
169
; Ashoka’s successor in,
395
,
396
; Bindusara in,
35
,
36
,
68
,
373
; Chandragupta in,
35
,
36
,
67
,
68
; ‘chronology’/lists of kings in,
33
–
6
,
169
,
196
,
296

Puritanism, English, xv

Purnavarman, King,
218

Purushpura (modern Peshawar),
204
,
212

Pushpagiri, Great Monastery of,
360

Pushyamitra, King,
195
–
6
,
200
,
246
–
7
,
254
,
277
,
278
,
359
,
397

Queen’s College (Benares),
225
,
297

Qutb-ud-din Aybak,
2
,
7
–
8
,
9

Radhacant, Pandit,
33
,
34

Radhagupta,
189
–
90
,
195
,
372
,
375
,
377
,
393
,
394

Raja the Great, King,
218

Rajagriha,
208
,
224

Rajaguru Sri Subuthi Maha Vihara monastery (Waskaduwa, Sri Lanka), xvii

Rajgir, town of (’House of Kings’),
80
,
151
,
224
,
342

Rakshasa Katyayan,
66
–
7
,
369
,
372

Ram Mohan Roy,
73
,
130

Ramagrama relic stupa,
340
,
341
,
342

Ramayana
,
31
,
354

Ramlochan, Pandit,
32
,
33

Rampurva pillars,
292
–
4

Rana, General Sumsher Khadga,
303
,
312

Ranjit Singh, Maharaja,
132
,
261

Rashtrapati Bhavan residence,
294

Ratna Paula,
163
,
166

religious intolerance,
xiii
,
xiv
–
xv
,
xvi
,
9
,
19
–
20
,
22
,
43
,
298