Black Market Billions: How Organized Retail Crime Funds Global Terrorists (Gal Zentner's Library) (41 page)

38.
Reuters, “Chiquita Faces New Lawsuit, $1 Billion Damages Sought,” April 14, 2010.

39.
Bloomberg, “Murders May Lead to Damages Tailspin for Chiquita,” Erik Larson and Joshua Goodman, April 2, 2008.

40.
Reuters, “Chiquita Sued Over Killing of U.S. Missionaries,” reported by Tom Brown, edited by Mohammad Zargham, March 12, 2008.

41.
Palm Beach Post News
, “Judge Rules Families Can Proceed with Suit Against Banana Giant Chiquita,” Jane Musgrave, February 4, 2010.

42.
Bloomberg “Murders May Lead to Damages Tailspin for Chiquita,” Larson, Erik, Goodman, Joshua April 2nd, 2008

43.
Narco News
, “Congressman William Delahunt to Investigate U.S. Corporations’ Support for Colombian Paramilitaries,” Dan Feder, January 22, 2008.

44.
CBS News,
60 Minutes
, “The Price of Bananas” transcript, August 9, 2009.

45.
Ibid.

46.
The William Rivas Front was run by AUC paramilitaries in the banana zone of Magdalena.

47.
Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Los Angeles, Juana Perez v. Dole Food Company.

Chapter 10

1.
Interview with Steven Reed at the LEAPS conference in Los Angeles, CA, August 5, 2011.

2.
Interview with Captain Daniel Hahn at the LEAPS conference in Los Angeles, CA, August 5, 2011.

3.
NRF 2010 survey of organized retail crime.

4.
Phone interview with Alan Herbach, CEO of American Theft Prevention, September 9, 2009.

5.
Author interview with Alan Herbach, October 22, 2009.

6.
“Sarah” is the younger sister of a contact who has been involved in organized retail crime for five years. She went from stealing YSL handbags to working at JCPenney and stealing there.

7.
DigitalPersona White Paper “Combating Retail/Restaurant Fraud with Fingerprint Biometrics: A Cost-Effective Approach to Loss Prevention for Payroll Theft and Point-of-Sale (POS) Shrink,” July 2009.

8.
NRF 2009 National Retail Security Survey.

9.
Ibid.

10.
University of Florida 2005 National Retail Security Survey.

11.
NRF Survey 2010.

12.
Costco Q3 2009 quarterly earnings report.

13.
SFGate
, “Shoplifting Ring Pocketed Millions Worth of Products,” Peter Fimrite, June 6, 2008.

14.
Coalition Against Organized Retail Crime, Hearing on Organized Retail Theft Prevention, October 25, 2007.

15.
“Sales Tax Decline in Late 2008 Was the Worst in 50 Years: Early Data for 2009 Show Further, Sharp Drop in Tax Revenues for Most States,” Donald J. Boyd and Lucy Dadayan, April 2009.

16.
Statistics from Crime Stoppers of Houston,
www.crime-stoppers.org
.

17.
Retail Industry Leaders Association (RILA) Crime Trends Survey 2009.

18.
Retail Industry Leaders Association (RILA) Crime Trends Survey 2010.

19.
Retail Crime Congressional research.

20.
Ibid.

21.
WakeUpWalMart.com, “Crime and Wal-Mart—‘Is Wal-Mart Safe?’ An Analysis of Official Police Incidents at Wal-Mart Stores,” May 1, 2006.

22.
Interview with Joe LaRocca, April 7, 2010.

23.
Congressional Research Service, paper on organized retail crime by Kristin Finklea, June 16, 2010.

24.
Author interview with a Brooklyn mother who is primarily dependent on formula for her infant, October 2010.

25.
LawFuel, The Laws News Network, “Estimated More Than 20 Tractor-Trailer Loads of Merchandise Seized.”

26.
Frank Muscato testimony, Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security.

27.
Ibid.

28.
NRF Report 2009.

29.
ASIS Foundation, “Organized Retail Crime: Assessing the Risk and Developing Effective Strategies,” Walter E. Palmer and Chris Richardson.

30.
ASIS Foundation Research Council, Strategies, 2009, p. 4.

31.
“Shoplifting, Inc.,” March 4, 2010, Bernice P.L. Yeung, 109-162, section 1105, codified at 28 U.S.C. section 509 note. In the Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005, Congress defined organized retail theft and directed the Attorney General and FBI to establish a task force to combat organized retail theft as well as a clearinghouse within the private sector.

32.
Interview with Jerry Biggs, April 5, 2010.

Chapter 11

1.
World Bank, “A Review of Current and Evolving Trends in Terrorism Financing,” testimony submitted to the House Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, U.S. Gen. Accounting Office, Terrorist Financing: U.S. Agencies Should Systematically Assess Terrorists’ Use of Alternative Financing Mechanisms, at 3 (2003), available at
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04163.pdf
(“[The FBI] do[es] not systematically collect and analyze data on alternative financing mechanisms.”).

2.
Terrornomics
, edited by Sean S. Costigan and David Gold (Ashgate Publishing Co., 2007).

3.
Ibid.

4.
Ibid.

5.
Ibid.

6.
Ibid.

7.
GAO Report to the Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, International Financial Crime: Treasury’s Roles and Responsibilities Relating to Selected Provisions of the USA Patriot Act.

8.
Napoleoni estimates that before 9/11 the new terror economy was at $500 million and growing at a rate of 5–6%. Compounded, the number came out to be $850 billion.

9.
World Bank, Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism: A Comprehensive Training Guide.

10.
U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission Anti-Money Laundering Industry Oversight.

11.
Ibid.

12.
Anti-Money Laundering Examination Manual for the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council.

13.
Strategic Insight, “Following the Terrorist Informal Money Trail: The Hawala Financial Mechanism,” Robert E. Looney, November 1, 2002.

14.
Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism: A Comprehensive Training Guide, World Bank.

15.
Daily Times Pakistan
, “Money Laundering Scam Worth $10 Bn,” Faraz Khan, November 9, 2008.

16.
Pakistan Daily
, “Khanani Remanded in FIA Custody,” November 10, 2008.

17.
Ibid.

18.
Ibid.

19.
Ibid.

20.
Wall Street Journal
, “Corruption Suspected in Airlift of Billions in Cash from Kabul,” Matthew Rosenberg, June 25, 2010.

21.
Ibid.

22.
Strategic Insight, “Following the Terrorist Informal Money Trail: The Hawala Financial Mechanism,” Robert E. Looney, November 1, 2002.

23.
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission web site lists the AML programs and what U.S. financial institutions should adhere to.

24.
Interview with Detective Amaury Guevara at LAPD headquarters,August 8, 2010.

25.
Combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism: A Comprehensive Training Guide, World Bank.

26.
Ibid.

27.
Retail Crime, Security, and Loss Prevention: An Encyclopedic Reference
, Charles A. Sennewald and John H. Christman (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008).

28.
New York Times
, “Gift-Card Cons on the Rise as Employees Find Them Easy to Swipe,” Steven Greenhouse, December 29, 2009.

29.
Interview with Joe LaRocca, June 28, 2010.

30.
Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
, “The Changing Nature of U.S. Card Payment Fraud: Industry and Public Policy Options,” Richard J. Sullivan.

31.
Ibid.

32.
Ibid.

33.
SC Magazine
, “Police Bust Massive Global Credit Card Fraud Ring,” Angela Moscaritolo, June 16, 2010.

34.
Ibid.

35.
Interview with Joe LaRocca, June 28, 2010.

36.
Organized Crime: From Trafficking to Terrorism
, Volume 2, Frank Shanty (ABC-CLIO, 2007).

37.
Ibid.

38.
18 USC 1956.

39.
18 USC 981 and 982.

40.
31 USC 5322(a).

41.
The Price of Fear: al Qaeda and the Truth Behind the Financial War on Terror
, Ibrahim Warde (I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd., 2007).

42.
Ibid.

43.
Application of Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), 18 U.S.C.A. section 1961 et seq., to Terrorists and Acts of Terrorism, Jay M. Zitter, J.D.

44.
Ibid.

45.
International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice
, “The Nexus of Organized Crime and Terrorism: Two Case Studies in Cigarette Smuggling,” Louise I. Shelly and Sharon A. Melzer, Spring 2008, Vol. 32, No. 1.

46.
Bell, 2003; Broyles and Rubio, 2004; United States of America v. Mohamad Youssef Hammoud, 2004.

47.
Ibid.

48.
Ibid.

49.
The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 substantially amends the federal habeas corpus law as it applies to both state and federal prisoners whether on death row or imprisoned for a term of years, according to Charles Doyle, senior specialist, American Law Division, June 3, 1996.

50.
CNN, “High Court: Law Banning ‘Support’ of Terror Groups Constitutional,” Bill Mears, June 21, 2010.

51.
“Terror and Free Speech,”
Los Angeles Times
editorial, June 22, 2010.

52.
Ibid.

53.
CNN, “High Court: Law Banning ‘Support’ of Terror Groups Constitutional,” Bill Mears, June 21, 2010.

54.
Holder v. Humanitarian Project, Supreme Court Opinion, October Term 2009.

Epilogue

1.
Politico.com, “GOP Seeks to Redefine War on Terror,” Josh Gerstein, May 10, 2011.

2.
Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), “Militancy in the Pakistani Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Afghanistan,” Magnus Norell, February 2010.

3.
Wall Street Journal
, “Bin Laden Left Legacy of Stronger Controls on Terrorist Finance,” Samuel Rubenfeld, May 3, 2011.

4.
CNN.com, “Terrorism Groups Helped by Black Market Goods,” Randi Kaye, July 19, 2006.

Index

A

Abd al Hamid Al Mujil,
9

Abdinur, Abdifatah,
172

Abdullah al Muhajir,
21

Abdullah Faisal,
161