Blood at the Root: A Racial Cleansing in America (44 page)

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 206

The Clansman
(Dixon), 72

Clay, Alexander, 84

Clay, Eugene Herbert, 84, 85, 89, 101, 104–5

Clement, S. W., 78

Collins, Clarence, 158

Collins, Ed

arrest after Crow assault, 58

at Buford, Georgia,
xxi
,
87
,
95

as material witness, 85, 94, 100

neighbor of Byrd and Delia Oliver, 108

release after trials, 107

Collins, George, 158

Collins, John, 84–85, 88, 90–91

Collins, Julia, 94, 108

Collins, Katie, 158

Collins, Olin, 158

Colored Methodist Campground picnic, 11–12, 18

Connor, Bull, 199

Cook, Garrett and Josie, 67–68, 69

Crow, Azzie

census of 1910, 30–31, 33

concern for missing daughter, 27–28

at daughter’s funeral, xii

during daughter’s illness, 66–67, 93

and execution of Knox and Daniel, 133–34, 137–38

photograph,
134

Crow, Bonnie, 27, 133

Crow, Burton, 201

Crow, Ed, 133

Crow, Esta, 27, 133

Crow, Isaac, 31–32

Crow, L. A. (Bud)

competition with black neighbors, 35

during daughter’s illness, 66–67

and execution of Knox and Daniel, 133, 137–38

rental of farm, 31

search for daughter, 28

trial testimony, 93

Crow, Lee, 133

Crow, Mae

death, xii, 67, 201

disappearance, 27–28

discovery after attack, xi, 28

funeral, xii, 67

headstone, 243

medical treatment, 29, 66, 67

photograph,
31

search for, xi, 28

sickness after assault, 66–67, 201

Crow, Major, 133

Crow, Obie, 27, 133, 201

Crow, Ovie, 27, 133, 201

Crow, Rinta, 133

Crow, Roger, 211, 221, 222, 228, 230, 234

Crowe, Ethel, 204–5

Crowe, Melvin, 201–2, 203–4, 205–6, 210, 225

Crow household in the census of 1910,
30

Crow, William, 37, 43, 123–24

Cumming, Georgia

gathering of black men after Smith’s arrest, 13, 69

Ku Klux Klan celebration after Brotherhood March, xvi,
xvii

“Seeing Georgia” tour, 174–80

West Canton Street,
c
. 1912,
54

white mob actions after Grice assault, 13–14, 16, 18–19, 22, 29

see also
Forsyth County

Cumming/Forsyth County Biracial Committee, 232–37

Cumming–Forsyth County Chamber of Commerce, 211, 221, 228, 242

Dahlonega, Georgia, 74, 180

Daniel, Adam, 34

Daniel, Buck, 33–34, 36, 65, 156–57

Daniel, Catie Marr, 35, 65, 157

Daniel, Cicero, 34, 36

Daniel, Harley, 34, 36

Daniel, Jane (Jane Butler)

agreement to testify for prosecution, 89–91

alleged role in Crow assault, 95–96

arrest after Crow assault, 58

charges against, 83, 100

courting by Rob Edwards, 35

in Detroit, Michigan, 188–90, 191–93

in Gainesville, Georgia, 157–58, 188

marriage to Will Butler, 158

parents, 34

photographs,
xxi
,
86
,
87

release after trials, 107

silence after death of Rob Edwards, 57–58

transfer to Cumming for trial, 85–92

trial testimony, 100–102, 103, 104–5

Daniel, Oscar

alleged role in Crow assault, 95–96

arrest after Crow assault, xi, 58

body used by surgical students, 139

charges against, 83

execution, 133–34, 136–38

parents, 34

photographs,
xxi
,
86
,
87
,
129

sentencing, 105

transfer to Atlanta after trial, 106–7

transfer to Cumming for execution, 127–28,
129

transfer to Cumming for trial, 85–92

trial, 103–4

see also State of Georgia v. Ernest Knox

Davis, Bob, 201–2, 203–4, 205–6, 210, 225

Detroit, Michigan, 188–93

Dickerson, Carl, 244

Dixon, Thomas Jr., 72

Dray, Philip, 56

Du Bois, W. E. B., 62–63, 64, 117, 151, 166–67

Dunlap Hydroelectric Dam, 156

Echols, John F., 114

Edmund Pettus Bridge, xv,
216

Edwards, Rob

alleged role in Crow assault, 94–96

arrest, 45–47

corpse left on courthouse lawn, xii, 53, 55, 83, 138

death, xi–xii, 50–51, 53–54, 197

neighbor to Daniel family, 35

Elliot, Dabner, 154–55

equal protection under the law, 83, 143, 236

farming in Georgia

cotton as a “Caucasian crop,” 161–62

farm mortgages and foreclosures, 32

horses and mules used in 1900, 164–65

introduction of tractors, 165–66

new technologies, 164–66

reliance on black workers, 161, 162

Farnell, Michael, 205

Fifteenth Amendment, 6, 143

Fifth Regiment, 91, 98, 103–5, 128,
129

Fisher, Amaziah, 84–85

Flake, W. A., 122

Foner, Eric, 147

Ford, Henry, 165

Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 71

Forsyth County, Georgia

“all white” tradition, 173–82, 185, 193–96

arrest of blacks who entered county, 170–72

author’s youth in, xvi–xix, 198–99

Cherokee lands and people, 73–76

Cherokee removals, 76–77

Cumming/Forsyth County Biracial Committee, 232–37

early white settlers, 73, 75, 77–78

expulsion of African Americans, xii–xiii, xvi, 63, 69, 117–19, 183–86

as modern suburb of Atlanta, 165, 212, 235, 239–41, 242–43

outsiders blamed for mob violence, 70–71, 72

“Seeing Georgia” tour, 174–80

slavery in, 77–78

“whites only” rule in, 173–82, 204

see also
Cumming, Georgia

Forsyth County Defense League, xvi, 211, 215, 222

Forsyth prisoners at Buford, Georgia,
xxi
, 87

Fourteenth Amendment, 83, 143

Fowler, Wyche, 225

Frank, Leo, 88–89,
90
, 92, 104, 154

Franklin, B. V., 221

Freedmen’s Bureau.
see
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (BRFAL)

Gaines, W. A., 120, 124

Gainesville, Georgia.
see
Hall County and Gainesville, Georgia

gallows construction, 127, 129, 134–36

“Gameron Stick,” 80

Garrett, E. S., 92

Georgia National Guard

Candler Horse Guards, 22, 23, 25, 29

on day of Knox trial, 97–98, 100, 102, 104

on day of sentencing, 105–6

and execution of Knox and Daniel, 131–32

Fifth Regiment, 91, 98, 103–5, 128,
129

Marietta Rifles, 22, 23,
24
, 29, 61, 105

protection of Grant Smith, 22–25

protection of Knox and Daniel, xi

Second Brotherhood March, 225, 226,
228

transfer of Forsyth prisoners for trial,
xxi
, 83–84, 85–88, 90–92

transfer of Knox and Daniel for hanging, 127–28,
129

Gilbert, David, 70

Glenn, Edward, 80

Gober, George, 49

Gober, Jasper, 2

gold discovered at Dahlonega, 74

Graham, Alex, 169, 170

Graham, David and Martin, 78

Graham, Flora, 170

Graham, Henry, 78

Graham, Leonard, 78

Grant, Isaac, 84–85

Grant, Ulysses S., 71

Great Migration, 188

Greenlee, Levi, Jr., 12, 73, 157, 241

Greenlee, Levi, Sr., 12, 65

Greenlee Funeral Home, 157

Grice, Ellen

arrests after Grice attack, 4

Grant Smith comment about, 7

and “old threadbare lie,” 26

report of attempted rape, 1, 4, 14, 26, 28

scream on September 5th, 1912, 1

white mob actions after Grice assault, 13–14, 16, 18–19, 22, 29

Grice, John, 1, 25–26

Griffan, William, 222

Griffith, D. W., 71

Griffith, Michael, 207

Grindle, Janice, 222

Grindle, Rayford, 222

Hackworth, C. B., 199

Haden, Charles J., 174

Hale, Charlie,
52

Hall, Arnold B., 186

Hall, Tom, 124

Hall County and Gainesville, Georgia

black exodus to, 109–10, 111, 120, 125, 156

electric streetlamps, 156

night riders in, 122–24

racial attacks in 1912, 120–25

Hammond, William, 92

hanging

crowd at, 127, 131–33, 136–37, 140–41, 243

as execution method, 134–36

gallows construction, 127, 129, 134–36

Harrell, Newton, 146

Harrington, James, 210, 221