Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency (127 page)

I

749

Cosgrove, Thomas Avery,

95

Cotter, George R., 498, 601
Craig,
293

Craig, William H., 86, 88 Crandal,
Charles, 264 Cray, Inc., 602 Cray, Seymour, 587, 590-93, 596, 598, 599-600,
602, 612 Cray Computer, Inc.,

596-600

Cray Research, Inc., 590, 593-94,
596, 598, 599, 602

Crete, 190, 196, 197 CRITIC
messages, 76, 100, 194, 302, 501, 516, 589 CRTTICOMM system,

588-89

Cronkite, Walter, 66 Crosby,
Bruce, Jr., 344—46 Crowell, William P., 523,

562-63, 564

Crypto City, 3, 6, 387-88, 404,
456, 470, 481-527, 578, 602 budget of, 481, 523-24 classification system of,

489-90 communications network

of, 514-15 community relations

and, 4-5 crime in, 487-88 day care
in, 484—85 education in, 524-25,

532-33 emergency services of,

492-93 headquarters building

of, 488-91 microprocessor factory

of, 521, 595

Operations buildings of, 494-508,
520-21

police and security force

of, 482-83 security obsession of,

491-93, 507-10 television and news

facilities of, 496,

510-11

Crypto-Linguistic Association,
484, 487 Cryptologic Service Groups

(CSGs), 502 Cuba, 62-63, 72, 93,
187,

330 JFK assassination and,

132-33, 135, 137-38 Soviet arms
shipments

to, 76-77 troops sent to Congo by,

181 U.S. economic embargo

of, 126

see also
Bay of
Pigs invasion; Northwoods "Cuban Debacle, The,"

73-74 Cuban missile crisis,

95-126, 197, 322, 546 CIA in, 100,
107, 109,

116, 124

Cuba as Soviet eavesdropping base
after,

124-25 Cuban air defense

buildup in, 100, 106-8 evidence of
offensive

missiles in, 100, 109,

112-13 JFK's ultimatum in,

113-14 nuclear launch scare in,

114-15 Palladium intercepts in,

107-8 rapprochement attempt

after, 128-30 RFK-Dobrynin talks
in,

119-22

SAM missiles operational in,
106-8, 117-18

Soviet shipping of supplies and
personnel in, 95-96, 101

Soviet withdrawal after, 122-23

spy ship intercepts in, 99, 100,
102-3, 107-12, 125-26

turnaround of Soviet ships in,
115—16

U-2 shootdown in, 118-19, 120, 122

U.S. overflights in, 102,

109, 117, 118-19 Cylink, 523
CYPRIS microprocessor,

521

Cyprus, 40, 187, 196
Czechoslovakia, 23, 72, 152, 153, 475

Darrigo, Joseph, 25 Davidson,
Phillip, 331-32
Davis,
226 Davis, James T., 290-91,

317, 337,339,494 Davis, John, 100
Dayan, Moshe, 40, 203 Dean, John Wesley, III,

431, 433

De Chene, John, 314-16 Decker,
George H., 69 Dècle, T.,406, 415, 421,

422 Deeley, Walter G., 231-32,

311 Defence Ministry, British,

400-401

Defence Signals Directorate (DSD),
Australian, 402, 409, 421

Defense Advanced Research Projects

Agency (DARPA) 514, 600,609,611
Strategic Computing Program of, 592

Defense Department, U.S., 5, 90,
91, 147, 193, 288, 356, 389, 476, 514, 516, 554, 569, 570, 594, 602 Office of
Special Operations of, 78-79

Defense Humint Service, 476

Defense Information Systems
Agency, 514

Defense Intelligence

Agency (DIA), 100,

246,331,389,429,430,

432,502,511,513

Defense Intelligence Network
(DIN), 510-11

Defense Security Service, 535-36

Defense Special Missile and
Aeronautics Center (DEFSMAC), 502-4

de Gaulle, Charles, 22

Deitz, Robert L., 498

Denholm, Charles I, 341

Dennison, Robert Lee, 95

Derwinski, Edward J., 379

DeSoto patrols, 292-93

Deutsch, John, 562

Devine, John P., 470, 522-23

DeVine, Michael, 446

Diego Garcia, 165-66, 277

Dien Bien Phu, battle of, 284,
286-87

Dillon, C. Douglas, 52, 60-61

DIRgrams, 473

Dobrynin, Anatoly, 120-22

Dole, Bob, 386, 447

domestic watch list program,
428-29

Donovan, William O,, 7

Doomsday exercise, 50—51 Dornan,
Jack, 395 Drake, Robert E., 376-77 Drifting Station Alpha,

140-41, 143, 144 Dulles, Allen,
41, 47, 50,

56, 382, 477, 588 Bay of Pigs
invasion

and, 72-73 U-2 crisis and, 52,
53-54,

58, 60, 62

Dulles, John Foster, 40, 41 Dunn,
Jeff, 507 Dustbin, 17

Eban, Abba, 192 Echelon computer
system, 404,407,409,411, 421, 427-28 Eden, Anthony, 40 Egypt, 19, 134, 153,
186,

190-91, 197,201,209 Suez crisis
and, 39—41 Eisenbeiss, Harry, 115 Eisenhower, Dwight D, 8, 31, 35, 69, 72, 75,
94, 356, 357, 360, 365, 366, 588, 604 CRITICOMM system approved by, 588-89
homosexuality scare and,

543-44 Indochina conflict and,

286-87, 288 Lemnitzer appointed
by,

67-68

Northwoods and, 82-83 Paris summit
and, 62 Suez crisis and, 40, 41 U-2 crisis and, 43, 49-^0, 51-52, 53-54, 55-60,
62, 116-17,322 Eismann, Bernard, 80 elephant cage antenna, 77,

95, 154 Elint, 8
El Quseir,
230,
234-35

Emmel, Judith A., 496-97

EMR Improvement Program (EIP),
324-25

Energy Department, U.S., 542

Engineering Research Associates,
580, 581, 591

Englander, Owen, 103

Engstrom, Howard, 591

KNIAC, 580-81

Enigma encryption machine, 9, 12,
13, 14, 17, 18,98,301,312, 397, 486

Ennes, Jim, 230

Enterprise,
262

Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission, 560, 565

E-Systems, 523, 604

ETA, 593-94, 596

Ethiopia, 19, 160, 161-62

European Space Agency, 406-7

Evron, Ephraim, 229

Explorer system, 343-46

Fan Song radar, 154, 324

Farley, Robert D., 96

Farm Team, 318

Far Right, The,
80-81

Fast, Barbara G., 498

Fastlane encryption program, 515

Faurer, Lincoln D, 387-89, 604

Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI), 355, 379, 429, 437, 441, 449, 493, 543

NSAs domestic spying opposed by, 430-31
NSA's embassy break-ins dispute with, 432-33

ferret missions, 32—38, 47, 54,
366

fiber optic cables, 460—63, 465,
510

Finder, 321

Firebase Sarge, 343—46

Fire Can radar, 154

Fish cipher machine, 14,

15, 18, 20, 397 Russian, 15-17,
18, 23, 355, 583

Ford, Gerald, 88, 103, 350, 439

Foreign Broadcast Information
Service, 191, 253

Foreign Intelligence Advisory
Board, 88, 131

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance
Act, 440

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance
Court, 440-41

Forrestal, Michael, 297-98

Forsberg, Steven J., 166

Fort Meade, Md., 41, 43, 93, 302,
404, 452, 573

France, 19, 22, 68, 80, 81,
137-38, 147, 402, 421 China engine sales of,

414-15

Holocaust and, 10—11 Indochina
conflict of,

284, 285-87 Suez crisis and, 39—41
Vichy government of, 11

Freedom of Information Act, 520

Freeh, Louis I, 542

Frequent Wind, 347

Friedman, William Frederick, 1-2,
4, 22, 354, 477, 558, 586

Frost, Laurence Hugh, 93, 96, 97,
288

Frostberg computer, 597

Fuggetta, Rob, 535

Fujitsu, 595-96

Fulbright, J. William,

60-62 Fulton, Robert Edison, Jr.,

143-44

Fulton Skyhook, 143-46 FUNNEL
messages, 102

Gaddy, Dave, 287

Gagarin, Yuri, 154—55

Gailey, C. K., 64

Galactic Radiation and

Background (GRAB), 365-66

Gardiner, Don, 131

Gardner, Meredith K., 135 ,
Garfinkel, Simson, 607

Garment, Suzanne, 378-79

Gates, Robert, 474, 475, 520

Gates, Thomas, 49-50, 53, 54,57

Gavin, James M., 68

Gayler, Noel, 340-42, 430, 431,
433

Geis, Lawrence R., 226

Georgetown,
187

Gerecht, Reuel Marc, 474

Germany, Democratic Republic of
(East Germany), 43, 150, 151, 492

NSA overflights of, 153-54

Germany, Federal Republic of (West
Germany), 43, 72, 124, 150-51, 152, 492

Germany, Nazi, 10, 11, 16, 19, 20,
312

Germany, reunified, 462, 492

Gerson, Nate, 139, 141-42, 360-64

Gertz, Bill, 393

Gladding, Everett B., 250-51

Gleason, Everett, 31

Glenn, John, 84

Golden, George H., 220 Goldwater,
Barry M., 60,

378, 439

Goodman, Melvin A., 475
Goodpaster, Andrew, 52, 54 Gordon, John A., 496 Gore, Al, Jr., 80, 512 Gore, Albert,
Sr., 80, 88 Goss, Porter J., 457, 475 Government Communications Headquarters
(GCHQ), 10, 40, 398-402, 407, 409, 454, 502, 538, 547-48, 592 China-Iran
missile deal

and, 412-13 industrial espionage
and,

426-27 Zircon satellite and,

400-401

Government Communications Security
Bureau (GCSB), 403, 421 Graham, Daniel O., 502 Graham, Richard H., 324
Grantham, Gary L.,

529-30

Gray, David W, 70, 88 Gray,
Gordon, 55-56 Gray, L. Patrick, 433 Great Britain, 19, 27, 89,

422, 462, 513, 599 Aden listening
post of,

161-62 Chagos Archipelago and,

163-65 cryptoanalytic activities

of, 397-402 Hong Kong and, 547
listening posts in,

174-75

Suez crisis and, 39—41 Green
Hornet missions, 44 Groundbreaker, 573-74 Grover, Lov K., 610 Guatemala, 62,
446

Guerin, James, 575, 582 Guevara,
Che, 150, 180,

185 Gulf of Tonkin incident,

90-91, 290-500, 322
Maddox
attacked
in,

296-97, 299 Gulf War of 1990, 167,

474, 512 NSA's performance in,

544-45

Hagelin M-209, cipher machine, 22,
585-86 Haldeman, H. R., 433
Halfbeak,
167-72
Halibut,
371-74, 465
Halman, James, 210-11 Hamry, John, 496 Hanjour, Hani, 617, 619,

621

Hanyok, Robert J., 10-11 Harriman,
Averell, 116—17 Harris, Stephen R., 243, 244, 251-52, 256, 264, 266, 279-81

Harvest computer, 583—89 Harvey,
William, 477-79 Hatch, David, 564 Hayden, Michael V., xiii, 402, 443, 451-57,
464, 465, 469, 501, 524, 557,573,614,617, 619,646-49 reforms by, 470—73 typical
day of, 494-99 Helms, Richard, 61-62, 99,

125, 531, 552 Henault, Emile I,
Jr., 565 Henry, Harold, 26 Herrelko, Frank L., 39 Herrick, John, 295-98 Herter,
Christian, 52,

53-54, 61, 62 Herzfeld, Charles,
361-62 Hitler, Adolf, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 358

Ho Chi Minh, 284-85, 286, 287,
288-89, 292, 347 Hodges, Duane, 264, 278 Holt, Carl, 58 Homerun, 35—57 Hooper,
Edwin B., 245 Hooper, Leonard, 407 Hoover, J. Edgar, 429-31,

433, 434, 543-44 Horrock,
Nicholas, 379 Horton, Russell H., 20 House of Representatives,

U.S., 68, 231 Appropriations
Committee, 103

Intelligence Committee, 377-78,
381, 384, 457, 464, 467, 475, 523-24, 557, 569, 570, 572 Un-American Activities

Committee, 66 Howard, Lisa, 128,
129-30,