Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency (122 page)

533  e-mail address: Resumes can
also be mailed to NSA, P.O. Box 8787, Gaithers-burg, MD 20898, or faxed to
(301) 947-2086.

534  "they undoubtedly
represent": NSA, Confidential/Comint Channels Only, "Beyond Codes and
Ciphers: The Expanding Meaning of  Cryptology in the Late Twentieth Century," 
Cryptologic Quarterly
(Winter 1990), p. 31, n. 5.

534  One math major: Internet
posting by , "An Interview with the NSA"
(February 11, 1999).

535  SSBI: General Accounting
Office, "Background Investigations: Impediments to Consolidating
Investigation and Adjudicative Function" (1995).

In 1992 the NSA spent about
$154,000 on SSBIs. This, however, did not include the costs associated with
SSBIs conducted on military personnel assigned to the NSA, which were paid for
by the individual military services. General Accounting Office,
Classified
Information: Costs of Protection Are Integrated with Other Security Costs
(October
1993), pp. 11-12.

535 Rob Fuggetta: This account
appears in Paul Mandelbaum, "Your Boss Is Spying on You,"
Baltimore
Magazine
(May 1985), pp. 79, 127.

535  NSA officials are fighting a
new proposal: "Background Investigations Procedures Change,"
Los
Angeles Times,
April 6, 1998; "Pentagon Security Investigation
Backlog,"
AFIO Weekly Intelligence Notes
(June 11, 1999).

536  900,000 investigations:
Walter Pincus, "900,000 People Awaiting Pentagon Security
Clearances,"
Washington Post,
April 22, 2000.

536 94   percent:   GAO,  
National   and   International   Affairs   Division,   Report

B-283901, "DOD
Personnel—Inadequate Personnel Security Investigations

Pose National Security Risks"
(October 27, 1999), p. 8. 536 arrested on October 28 and charged with
espionage: Department of Defense,

Rear Admiral Craig Quigley news
conference (November 30, 1999). 536 allegedly confessing to mailing a computer
disk and details on NSA's undersea

cable-tapping operations:
CBS
Evening News
(November 29, 1999).

536  "respiration,  
electro-dermal  responses":   NSA,   NSA/CSS   Regulation   No. 122-3,
"Polygraph Examination and Examiners," Annex D (April 6, 1984), p. 2.

537  "Polygraph! The word
alone": NSA, "To Tell the Truth,"
NSAN
(October 1994),
pp. 8-9.

537 a study at NSA: U.S. House of
Representatives, Committee on Education and Labor, Subcommittee on Employment
Opportunities, Polygraphs in the Workplace: The Use of "Lie
Detectors" in Hiring and Firing, 95th Cong., 1st Sess. (1986), pp. 147-70.

537  From July 1983 to June 1984:
U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Armed Services, Investigations
Subcommittee, Hearing on H.R. 4681 Relating to the Administration of Polygraph
Examinations and Prepublication Review Requirements by Federal Agencies, 98th Cong.,
2nd Sess. (1984), p. 111.

538  "The worst experience of
my life": Kirkwood, "Our Friendly Neighborhood Colony of Spies."

538 "termination of
employment": NSA memorandum, "Personnel Security Procedures"
(September 27, 1982).

538 four leaks a year: Testimony
of the chief of NSA's Operations Directorate Intelligence Staff [name deleted],
U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on
Civil and Constitutional Rights, Presidential Directive on the Use of
Polygraphs and Prepublication Review, Hearings, 98th Cong., 1st and 2nd Sess.
(1983-1984), p. 150.

538  topics covered during NSA's
counterintelligence polygraph examination: NSA, For Official Use Only, NSA/CSS
Regulation No. 122-06, Personnel Security Programs for Continued Access (July
29, 1991), p. 4.

539  "the work force at
NSA":  U.S.  House of  Representatives, Committee on Armed Services,
Investigations Subcommittee, Hearing on H.R. 4681 Relating to the
Administration of Polygraph Examinations and Prepublication Review  Requirements 
by  Federal  Agencies,   98th  Cong.,  2nd  Sess.   (1984), pp. 46-47.

539 Under the aperiodic exam
program: ibid.

539 According to the chief of the
Polygraph Division: ibid.

540  an analysis of  20,511 
applicants between  1974 and  1979: U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on
Education and Labor, Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities, Polygraphs in
the Workplace: The Use of "Lie Detectors" in Hiring and Firing, 95th
Cong., 1st Sess. (1986), pp. 147-70.

541  Polygraph Assisted Scoring
System: NSA, "Computerized Soft Decision Making from Multiple Sensor
Inputs,"
NSA Technology Fact Sheet
(1999).

542  "In the near
future": NSA, "To Tell the Truth."

542 Asked whether: U.S. House of
Representatives, Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Civil and
Constitutional Rights, Presidential Directive on the Use of Polygraphs and
Prepublication Review, 89th Cong., 1st and 2nd Sess. (1983-1984), p. 59.

542 Senate Select Committee:
Walter Pincus, "Senators Question Polygraph Use,"
Washington Post,
July 24, 1999.

542  "In our situation":
ibid.

543  "The Soviets seem to
have": White House, Top Secret memorandum, "Discussion at the 463rd
Meeting of the National Security Council, October 13, 1960" (DDEL, Ann
Whitman File, NSC Series, Box 13).

543  Anderson was also concerned:
ibid.

544  GLOBE: NSA, Club Notes,
NSAN
(October 1999), p. 12; NSA, Club Notes,
NSAN
(December 1999), p. 12.

544  "Clearly during the
Iran-Iraq war": Studeman's comments were made in an address before the
Association of Former Intelligence Officers (February 4, 1991), reprinted in
NCVA
Cryptolog
(Fall Extra, 1991), pp. 2, 11.

545  "While standing amongst
the weeds": Rodney R. Ingram, "Marietta, Washington, Forty Years
Later,"
NCVA Cryptolog
(March 1994), p. 2.

546  deactivation ceremonies at
Edzell: "Final Flag Lowered at RAF Edzell, Scotland,"
Dundee
(Scotland)
Courier & Advertiser (October
1, 1997), p. 1.

546 Kamiseya ordered closed: Jay
R. Browne, "Kami Seya—The Last Years,"
NCVA Cryptolog
(Fall
1997), p. 43.

546  Eckstein: F. Harrison
Wallace, Jr.,  "The History of Eckstein Border Site 1958-1993." Web
posting at http://asa.npoint.net/eckstin.htm (October 2, 2000).

547  "Most of the
[intercepted information]": Nicky Hager,
Secret Power: New Zealand's
Role in the International Spy Network
(Nelson, New Zealand: Craig Potton,
1996), pp. 85-88. The Unit was located next to the DSD headquarters building on
the grounds of the Australian Department of Defence's Victoria Barracks on St.
Kilda Road, Melbourne.

547 Hong Kong: Glenn Schloss,
"U.K. Spy Site Razed to Keep Its Secrets,"
South

China Morning Post,
November
30, 1997, p. 4. 547 Planted in the walls:  "British 'Bugs' Listen In on
Generals,"
Intelligence

Newsletter
(April 23,
1998).

547  "If we can stay at
4,500": Bill Goodwin, "Overmanned and Expensive to Run?"
Electronic
Times
(November 30, 1995).

548  "Who remembers what we
did": Robert R. Payne, "I Was Never There, But I Remember Skaggs
Island . . . ,"
NCVA Cryptolog
(Special Issue 1996), pp. 3—4.

548  "Technology has
progressed": Jay R. Browne, "Introduction,"
NSGA Cryp-tolog
(Fall
1997), p. 2.

549  a retired Navy cryptologist
wrote: Commander Mike Loescher,
United States Naval Institute Proceedings
(February
2000).

549 "There will continue to
be a Naval Security Group": As of 1999, the Naval Security Group operated
the following stations. Naval Security Group Detachments: Barbers Point,
Hawaii; Brunswick, Maine; Digby, U.K.; London, U.K.; Monterey, California;
Pensacola, Florida; South Korea; Yakima, Washington. Naval Security Group
Activities: Bad Aibling, Germany; Bahrain; Denver, Colorado; Fort Meade,
Maryland; Fort Gordon, Georgia; Groton, Connecticut; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba;
Kunia, Hawaii; Medina, Texas; Menwith Hill, U.K.; Misawa, Japan; Naples, Italy;
Norfolk, Virginia; Northwest, Virginia; Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; Rota, Spain;
Sabana Seca, Puerto Rico; San Diego, California; Sugar Grove, West Virginia;
Whidbey Island, Washington; Yokosuka, Japan. Naval Security Group Communications
Detachment: Washington, D.C., Naval Security Group Support Detachment Four,
Edzell, U.K. Naval Security Group Departments: NAVCOMTELSTA Guam; NAVCOMTELSTA
Diego Garcia; NAVCOMTEL Area Master Station, Pacific, Wahiawa, Hawaii. See
"Security Group Listing,"
NCVA Cryptolog
(Spring 1999), p. 10.

549 "people [were] stacked
almost three deep": Thomas Hasler, "Security Agency Expanding
Facilities," [Baltimore]
Evening Sun,
June 18, 1982.

549 NSA building projects: Thomas
Hasler, "The Secret's Out: Hush-hush NSA Is Expanding," [Baltimore]
Evening
Sun,
April 23, 1983.

549 what it had been in 1980: CIA,
Robert Gates, quoted in John H. Hedley, "The Intelligence Community: Is It
Broken? How to Fix It?"
Studies in Intelligence
(1996), p. 14.

549 number of spy satellites:
ibid.

549 "NSA's relative
piece": Studeman's comments are from NSA, memorandum, Admiral W. O.
Studeman to All Employees (April 8, 1992), pp. 1-2.

549 cut its staff by 17'/2
percent: NSA, "NSA Transition Book for the Department of Defense"
(transition from Bush to Clinton administrations) (December 9, 1992), p. 13.

549 24 percent by 2001: "U.S.
Spy Agencies Bloated, Panel Finds,"
Los Angeles Times,
March 2,
1996.

549 Brown said that at least:
ibid.

549  "We found that the
growth of the Agency": Department of Defense, Inspector General,
Intelligence Review Directorate, Policy and Oversight Report, "Final
Report on the Verification Inspection of the National Security Agency"
(February 13, 1996), p. 11.

550  "NSA personnel will be
deeply affected": NSA, "NSA Plans for the Future,"
NSAN
(January
1993), p. 4.

550 A White House study:
Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence
Community, "Preparing for the 21st Century: An Appraisal of U.S.
Intelligence" (March 1, 1996), p. 96.

550  "Employees should":
NSA, "NSA Plans for the Future."

551   "While our neighbors
and family members": NSA, Action Line,
NSAN
(December 1992), p. 11.

551 a bond had been broken: NSA,
"Rep. Steny Hoyer Visits NSA,"
The
Communicator (September 5,
1996).

551 "I had visions":
NSA, Secret/Comint Channels Only, Oral History of Dr. Howard Campaigne (June
29, 1983), pp. 130-31.

551 Soft Landing: NSA, Karen Anderson
Cianci, "NSA's Soft Landing Program,"
NSAN
(April 1997), p. 7.
See also "Soft Landing for Ex-Spies,"
Intelligence Newsletter
(September
3, 1998);
Defense Information and Electronics Report
(August 21, 1998).

551  Barbara Prettyman retired:
NSA, "Update on Soft Landing,"
NSAN
(November 1998), p. 4.

552  "Four Navy chiefs and
one NSA civilian": NSA, "The Magic of CSGs,"
The Communicator
(March
4, 1996).

552  "I have three":
Loch K. Johnson,
Secret Agencies: U.S. Intelligence in a Hostile World
(New
Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press), p. 21.

553  "There now exists a
world full of 'Navajo Code Talkers' ": Vice Admiral J. M. McConnell, USN,
"New World, New Challenges: NSA Into the 21st Century,"
American
Intelligence Journal
(Spring/Summer 1994), p. 8.

553 fully 58 percent... 13
percent: CIA, former CIA director Robert Gates, quoted in Hedley, "The
Intelligence Community, p. 11.

553 asked fifteen colleges: Mark
Mayfield, "Feds Recruit Students to Study Russian,"
USA Today,
September
13, 1983, p. 3A.

553 a shortage of Berber
translators led to a critical delay: Frank Greve, "Linguist Might Have
Averted Fatal Disco Terrorist Bombing," Knight-Ridder News Service
(November 28, 1986).

553  "steadily deteriorating
language training": ibid,

554  "a group of
approximately 125 linguists": Al Kamen, "Join the Army and See
Sarajevo,"
Washington Post,
May 4, 1993, p. 19.

554 "When Haiti blew
up": NSA videotape, "A Conversation between Deputy Director for
Services Terry Thompson and the NSA Technical Work Force" (September 30,
1999).

554 the tedium of the job:
Kirkwood, "Our Friendly Neighborhood Colony of Spies."

554  Florida A&M University:
"Language Program with Spy Ties,"
Intelligence Newsletter
(December
16, 1992).

555  "NSA is faced with the
growing problem": NSA, "Multi-Lingual Document Image Analysis,"
NSA
Technical Fact Sheet
(1995).