Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency (121 page)

507 In 1999, NSA installed:
Charlotte Adams, "Software Bundles Biometric Solutions,"
Federal
Computer Week
(May 10, 1999).

507  High Security Portal: NSA,
"Eye Scans and Key Access Machines,"
NSAN
(June 1993), p. 5.

508  Automated Key Access Machine:
ibid.

508  secure phones: For details on
the STU-I, STU-II, and STU-III, see NSA, "The Decent Book" (January
1996), p. 24.

509  Details on the STE: interview
with Michael J. Jacobs (September 23, 2000). 509 it will remain fully secure:
ibid.

509 NSA's ACCESS menu: NSA,
"ACCESS the NSA/CSS Connection,"
NSAN
(April 1997), p. 12.

509  Operators average 250,000
assisted calls: NSA, Kathy Gleason, "Telephone Switching Services
(J532),"
NSAN
(June 2000), p. 6.

510  "because it was the only
bidder": Bob Berwin, "Intercepts,"
Federal Computer Week (May
11, 1998).

510 Channel 50: NSA,
"Multimedia Expo '93,"
NSAN (March
1993), p. 4.

510 Television Center: NSA,
"On the Air in 5-4-3-2-1  .  .  . ,"
NSAN
(June 1999),

p. 6. 510 "If you
enjoy": NSA, "Attention Talk Show Junkies!"
NSAN
(August
1994),

p. 10.

510 On March 25: NSA, "Talk
NSA 'On Location,' "
NSAN (March
1998), p. 12. 510 "Ask short,
straightforward questions": NSA, "How to ..., for Future Day's

Worldwide Virtual Event,"
The
Communicator
(October 8, 1996).

510  6,000 people ... 36,711 lines
of text: NSA,
The Communicator
(November 6, 1996).

511   "long before CNN":
George Lardner, Jr., "On This Network, All the News Is Top Secret,"
Washington
Post,
March 3, 1992.

511 "If Warren
Christopher": William F. Powers, "Cloak and Dagger Internet Lets
Spies Whisper in Binary Code,"
Washington Post,
December 8, 1994.

511  "a major
breakthrough": ibid.

512  "Essentially":
ibid.

512 "pizza truck" and
"a brilliant use of cyberspace": press release, Computer Sciences
Corporation, 1998.

512  "Collaboration with our
counterparts": Fredrick Thomas Martin,
Top Secret Intranet
(Upper
Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1999), p. 34.

513  Wer'zit!?: ibid., p. 164.

513 WebChat. ibid., p. 186.

513  have caused concern: ibid.,
p. 189.

514  four separate networks:
ibid., pp. 53—55.

514 "Intelink-P": press
release, Computer Sciences Corporation, 1998. 514 single largest data
repository. Martin,
Top Secret Intranet,
p. 55. 514 expanding worldwide:
ibid., p. 56.

514  Advanced Technology
Demonstration Network: Don Clark, "What's Ahead: New Technologies Promise
a Quantum Leap in Performance,"
Wall Street Journal,
November 14,
1994.

515  Fastlane: Charlotte Adams,
"Reorg Stresses Schedules, Customers,"
Federal Computer Week
(July
4, 1994), p. 24.

515
"afeast
of the
world's most": Martin,
Top Secret Intranet,
p. 270.

515 SIGSUM: ibid.

515 Beamrider: ibid., pp. 272-74.

515  the
National SIGINTFile:
ibid,
pp. 276-79.

516  "Is the National
Security Agency": U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on 
Appropriations,   "Military  Construction  Appropriations,"  
Hearings  for 1974, 93rd Cong, 1st
Seas.,
p. 466.

516 "That means":
General Accounting Office, Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of
the United States, "Oversight of the Government's Security Classification
Program—Some Improvements StiLL Needed," LCD-81-13, December 16, 1980, p.
14.

518 "Try to imagine":
NSA, "Latest Findings in the Automatic Waste Collection System,"
NSAN
(April 1983), pp. 4-5.

518  In 1998, the agency took in:
NSA, Karen Gray, "Reduce + Reuse + Recycle = Good Business,"
NSAN
(December
1998), pp. 4-5.

519  "The Paper Chase":
NSA, "The Paper Chase,"
NSAN
(September 1999), p. 5. 519 438
tons of metal: NSA, "NSA Does It All and Does It Well!"
The
Communicator (October 8,
1996).

519 degausser operators: NSA,
"New Data on Electromagnetic Field Exposure,"
NSAN
(February
1999), p. 5.

519 more than 129 million
documents: GPO, "Report of the Commission on Protecting and Reducing
Government Secrecy" (1997), p. 74.

519  "The sheer number of
records": NSA, "E.G. 12958—A Classification Update,"
The
Communicator,
vol. 6, no. 1 (1996).

520  11 million "permanent
records": NSA, "Archives and Records Center Gets New Look,"
NSAN
(March
1991), p. 5.

520 "The German was a past
master": Tim Weiner, "Pentagon Spy Agency Bares

Some Dusty Secret Papers,"
New
York Times,
April 5, 1996. 520 Automated  Declassification  System": 
NSA,  
The Communicator
(Summer

1998). 520 "Sometimes I think
we just collect": CIA, John H. Hedley, "The Intelligence

Community: Is It Broken? How to
Fix It?"
Studies in Intelligence
(1996), pp.

17-18.

521 CYPRIS microprocessor: NSA,
"The CYPRIS Microprocessor,"
NSA Technical

Fact Sheet
(1999).
521 At one time NSA accounted for 50 percent: NSA,
Focus Your Intelligence
(2000).

521  electron-beam maskmaking:
ibid.

522  "The problem of
providing power": NSA, "The Microencapsulated Betacell,"
NSA
Technical Fact Sheet
(1999).

522 Robert E. Stevens: SASA, SASA
Spring 1997 program, "National Cryptologic Strategy for the 21st
Century."

522 computer wafers to half a
micron: NSA, "Wafer and Die Thinning Technology,"
NSA Technical
Fact Sheet
(1999).

522 $2 billion market:
"Sigint Is Hot Market,"
NCVA Cryptolog
(Winter 2000), p. 16.

522  more than 15,000 contracts:
Roscoe, "NSA Hosts Special Partnership Breakfast."

523  J. Michael McConnell:
"Roster,"
Federal Computer Week
(April 15, 1996). 523 William
P. Crowell: SASA, SASA Spring 1997 program, "National Cryptologic

Strategy for the 21st
Century."

523 Charles R. Lord: "In
Memoriam,"
NCVA Cryptolog
(Spring 1993), p. 16. Lord died of a
cerebral hemorrhage on February 8, 1993.

523 bridge between: SASA was
established in April 1979 to "enhance the relationships and understanding
among those in government, industry and academe ..." (SASA, SASA Fall 1998
program, "The Emerging Challenge.")

523  2001 budget authorization:
Subsequent quotations are drawn from U.S. House of Representatives, Permanent
Select Committee on Intelligence, Report, Intelligence Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2001, 106th Cong., 2nd Sess. (May 16, 2000).

524  "The explosive growth of
the global network": NSA, DIRNSA's Desk,
NSAN
(July 2000), p. 3.

524  "The magnitude of their
education": Interview with Lieutenant General Marshall S. Carter (July 17,
1980).

525  Military Elint Signal
Analysis Program: NSA, Picture This,
NSAN
(September 1992), p. 5.

525 NSA Graduate Studies Center:
NSA, "JMIC Graduate Center Dedicated,"
NSAN
(April 1997), p.
11; NSA, Michael L. Barksdale, "The Part-time Master of Science of
Strategic Intelligence Program,"
NSAN
(December 1999), p. 2.

525 master of science in strategic
intelligence: NSA, Mary C. Parker, "A Master's Degree: Yours for the
Taking,"
NSAN
(November 1996), pp. 8-9.

525 largest computerized training:
NSA, "NSA Testing Center,"
NSAN
(May 1993), p. 7.

525 Senior Technical Development
Program: NSA, "STOP Class of 1998 Graduates,"
NSAN
(September
1998), p. 5.

525 "best of the best":
ibid.

525 Roadhouse Cafe: NSA, "
'Roadhouse' Rhonda,"
NSAN
(October 1996), p. 10.

525 $5 million for additional
courses: Roscoe, "NSA Hosts Special Partnership Breakfast."

525  "have the
potential": NSA, NSA/CSS Office of Contracting, Research Grant, 7/30/84.

526  "His brilliant
achievements": NSA, "Frank Rowlett Retires,"
NSAN
(Special
Edition) (January 1966), p. 1.

526  "This building":
NSA, Tom Johnson, "OPS 3 Building Dedicated to Crypto-logic Pioneer,"
NSAN
(March 1999), p. 10.

527  "Despite NSA's size and
success": NSA, Confidential/Comint Channels Only, "Beyond  Codes 
and  Ciphers:  The  Expanded  Meaning  of  Cryptology in the Late Twentieth
Century,"
Cryptologic Quarterly
(Winter 1990), pp. 27, 34.

527 "labyrinth of letters":
Jorge Luis Borges, "The Library of Babel," quoted in Emir Rodriguez
Monegal,
Jorge Luis Borges: A Literary Biography
(New York: E.P. Dutton,
1978), p. 26.

Page

528 with between fourteen and
eighteen years of experience: Richard Lardner,

"The Secret's Out,"
Government
Executive
(August 1998), p. 26. 528 59 percent of the workers are male:
NSA, DIRNSA's Desk,
NSAN
(March

1998), p. 3. 528 Sixty-three
percent: NSA, "Deputy Director for Support Services,"
NSAN

(April 1993), p. 7. 528 13
percent... 27 percent... 3.3 percent: NSA, "A Quick True or False
Quiz,"

NSAN (May
1993), p.
3. 528 four generals and admirals: General Accounting Office report (June 16,
1997),

Appendix III. 528 the top 10
percent... $9.4 million in air travel. .. $65 million in state income

taxes: NSA, "Everything You
Ever Wanted to Know About NSA But Weren't

Allowed to Ask,"
NSAN
(July
1994), p. 9.

528  largest collection of
mathematicians: NSA,
Focus Your Intelligence
(2000).

529  "She's known as the
'tire lady' ": interview with former intelligence official.

529 "There is no dress code
at all": Cort Kirkwood, "Our Friendly Neighborhood Colony of
Spies,"
Baltimore Magazine,
reprinted in
NCVA Cryptolog
(Winter
1994), pp. 1,9.

529 Brent Morris: NSA, "From
Magic to Math and Back Again,"
NSAN
(July 1993), p. 7.

529 Eileen Buckholtz: NSA,
Read-All-About-It,
NSAN
(January 1991), p. 16.

529 Frederick Bulinski: NSA,
Read-All-About-It,
NSAN
(November 1992), p. 24.

529  "The results show that
the personality": NSA, Gary L. Grantham,
Who Is NSA
(April 1985),
p. 1 (National War College).

530  "This contrasts
markedly": ibid., p. 8.

530 "You can always tell an
NSA extrovert": Warren P. Strobel, "Incredible 3-Day NSA Computer
Failure—Sound of Silence,"
U.S. News & World Report,
February
6, 2000.

530 "The great predominance
of introverts": NSA, Grantham,
Who Is NSA,
p. 9.

530  "The predominance of
thinking types": ibid., p. 11.

531  "The overwhelming
preference among NSA managers": ibid.

531 "From my
perspective": NSA, "Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About NSA but
Weren't Allowed to Ask."

531   "Perhaps one of the
first security practices": NSA,
NSA Handbook
(undated), pp. 1-2.

532  "We in NSA
comprise": NSA, "Editorial Comment: Why Work for NSA?"
NSA
Technical Journal
(undated), pp. i—ii.

532 "Your challenge":
NSA, recruitment brochure, "If Math Is Your Area of Expertise, We'd Like
to Introduce You to Ours" (undated; circa 1998).

532 "The challenge is":
Bob Drogin, "Help Wanted: U.S. Intelligence Agencies Make No Secret of
Need for Workers,"
Minneapolis Star Tribune,
November 16, 1999.

532  "We're looking":
ibid.

532  Undergraduate Training
Program: NSA, "NSA Salutes 'Father of the Undergraduate Training Program
(UTP),' "
NSAN
(February 1999), p. 2.

533  "It is appalling":
NSA, Action Line,
NSAN
(September 1997).

533 Co-operative Education
Program: NSA, "1997 Co-op Graduation,"
NSAN
(September 1997),
p. 12.

533 "Our recruiting strategy
has historically been built": NSA, videotape, "A Conversation Between
Deputy Director for Services Terry Thompson and the NSA Technical
Workforce" (September 30, 1999).

533 initiated a streamlined hiring
process: NSA, Cynthia Scourtis, "Hiring for the Future,"
NSAN
(November
1998), p. 2.