Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency (126 page)

646  Details concerning the
response of NSA to the crisis are derived from: interviews with senior NSA
officials.

647  "U.S. intelligence
operates what is probably": Admiral William 0. Studeman, Remarks at the
Symposium on "National Security and National Competitiveness: Open Source
Solutions" (December 1, 1992).

647 "We don't come near to
processing": Vernon Loeb, "Portrait of a Pessimist,"

Washington Post
(March 6,
2000). 647 "Forty years ago": Lt. Gen. Michael V. Hayden, USAF,
Director, National Security Agency, Address to Kennedy Political Union of
American University, 17 February 2000.

647  "faced with
profound": U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service,
Richard A. Rest, Jr., "The National Security Agency: Issues for
Congress," Report RL 30740 (updated January 16, 2001), p. 3.

648  "NSA  headquarters  was
brain  dead":  David  Martin,   "National  Security Nightmare,"
CBS
EveningNews
(February 13, 2001).

648 "an act of God":
Neil King, Jr., "Big Technology Players Vie to Upgrade NSA

Computers,"
Wall Street
Journal
(March 13, 2001). 648 "There's simply too much out
there": Neil King, Jr., "In Digital Age, U.S. Spy

Agency Fights to Keep from Going
Deaf,"
Wall Street Journal
(May 23, 2001).

648  "NSA is ... not well
positioned": U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service,
Richard A. Best, Jr., "The National Security Agency: Issues for
Congress," Report RL 30740 (updated January 16, 2001), unpaginated page.

649  "Cultural pride has
reemerged": Renee Meyer's remarks were derived from a lecture she gave at
NSA on June 11, 2001, at which the author was present.

649  "The Chinese leadership
views"; "So long as China remains": John B. Judis, "The
China Hawks," 
The American Prospect Online
(September 1, 
1997-October 1, 1997).

650  "I think . . . we're in
big trouble": Vernon Loeb, "Portrait of a Pessimist,"
Washington
Post
(March 6, 2000).

A-3 telephone scrambler,

357-58

A-4 firebase, 343-44, 346 A-12
reconnaissance aircraft, 272 Abel, Rudolf,
62n
Abelson, Harold, 612
Abner, 582 Abrams, Creighton W., 306,

330

Acheson, Dean G., 30—31 Adams,
Ralph, 347, 566 Adolphsen, Arthur, 161 ADONIS encryption equipment, 353

Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA), 361-62 Afghanistan, 18, 44, 389,

398, 399, 410, 555 Ahmed, Nasser,
427-28 Air Force, U.S., 159, 174, -

323, 357
Pueblo
incident
and,

261-62, 268 Air Force Intelligence

Agency, 498 Air Force Security
Service,

96, 194

Albert, A. Adrian, 605 Albright,
Madeleine, 418 Aide, Robert O., 360 Alert, 139, 141-42, 396-97,

546

al-Fawwaz, Khalid, 615 Algeria,
80, 81 Alhazmi, Nawaf, 617—18 Alhazmi, Salem, 617,

619

Allen, Charles E., 496 Allen, Lew,
Jr., 346-47, 376, 439

Almihdhar, Khalid 617, 619

al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 616

America,
222, 224

American Black Chamber, 1-3, 6,
499, 580

American Legion, 66—67

American Thermogen Corporation,
517—18

Ames, Aldrich, 562

Anderson, Robert, 58, 543

Anderson, Rudolf, 118

Ansley, Norman, 559, 542

Aquarian, 397

Aquitania,
13

Arc Light, 308-10

Arecibo Ionosphere

Observatory (AIO), 361-62

Argentina, 19, 134, 176-77, 400

Armed Forces Security Agency
(AFSA), 24-25, 28-31, 537

Army, U.S., 18, 103-4, 198, 288,
428, 581

Army Intelligence and Security
Command, 498, 554

Army Security Agency (ASA), U.S.,
22, 24, 27-28, 29, 88, 150, 152, 298, 325

Arnold, Larry K., 631

Arnold, John, 104-6, 343, 370,
371, 373-74

Aspin, Les, 385

AT&T, 460-61, 462

Atlantika,
114

Atlas computer, 581

Atta, Mohamed, 618, 619, 620, 621

Attwood, William, 128-29, 130,
136-37

Austin, Harold, 38

Australia, 368-69, 409, 513, 547,
599

Automated Cartridge System, 603—4

Azzole, Pete, 114-15

Back, George V., 246-48 Baer,
Bill, 126-27 Bailey, Bruce, 33-34, 119,

320-23 Bailey, Charles Waldo, II,

67 Bailey, Don, 259, 260-61,

263, 265-67 Baker, Howard, 439
Baker, Stewart A., 450-51,

463

Baker, William 0., 357, 462 Ball,
Dave, 132 Ball, George, 116,301
tanner,
241-44, 250, 258,

270-72, 300-301 Barbour, Walworth,
192 Bary, Abdel 616 Bates, Edward Bryant, 148 Batista, Fulgencio, 73 Bauman,
Ethan L., 567 Bay of Pigs invasion, 63,

66-67, 70-79, 82, 88,

358 CIA and, 70, 72, 73-76,

78,79 JFK-JCS meeting on,

71-73 Joint Chiefs of Staff

and, 71-75 landing site for, 74
Lemnitzer and, 73—75 NSA's role in, 75-76

onset and failure of,

77-78

proposed secret deceptions and,
70—71 Soviet arms shipments

prior to, 76—77 Beamrider, 515
Beeman, Karl, 148-49 Begin, Menachem, 186 Bell Laboratories, 98, 357, 462, 580,
609-10, 612
Belmont,
187, 223
Beloretsk,
95-96 Ben-Gurion, David,
40 Bennett, Donald V., 430 Berens, Ronald L., 252 Berger-Liaw Neural Network
Speaker Independent Speech Recognition System, 556-57

Berlin Wall, 450, 492, 544
Berrigan, Philip, 493-94 Bicher, George A., 8, 12 Biden, Joseph, 378 Billygate
scandal, 380-81,

443 bin Laden, Osama, 410,

441,614-17 Biro, Arye, 202
Biryuzov, S. S., 46 Bishop, Robert P., 241, 243 Bissell, Richard M., 43, 79,

358 Black, William B., Jr., 473,

497

Black Friday (1948), 23-24 Blake,
Gordon Aylesworth, 96-97, 99-101, 102-3, 118-19, 151-32, 136 Blalock, Donald
L., 227-28 Bletchley Park, 10, 12-14,

15, 17, 162,398 Bloor, A. W, 520
Blue, Allen M., 227 Blue Gene supercomputer, 608

Blue House raid, 253-57

Bogart, 584

Bonesteel, Charles H., Ill,

261-62,271,281 Bonney, Walter, 52
Boomer, Walter, 344-46 Boorman, Derek, 401 Borges, Jorge Luis, 527 Boudreau,
Henry, 348 Bowen, Jeremy, 238-39 Box Top mission, 246—47 Bradlee, Ben, 380
Brand, Joe, 501 Brass Knob mission, 131 Brazil, 19, 133, 177,425 Brezhnev,
Leonid, 369, 389,

475

Bright, Gary, 335-36 Bron, Gabi,
202 Bronco, Ray, 315, 316 Brown, Aubrey, 95, 109,

112, 113-14, 151, 175,

176-77

Brown, Buddy, 322 Brown, Harold,
383, 385,

476, 549 Brownell, George Abbott,

30-31

Bruce, David K., 31 Brzezinski, Zbigniew,
383 Bubbles, 592-93 Bucher, Lloyd Mark,

243-44, 252, 254-65,

267, 268, 275, 278-82 Buckholtz,
Eileen, 529 Bucklew, Phil H., 178 Buffham, Benson K., 376 Bui Dang Dzuong, 289
Bulinski, Frederick, 529 Bullock, William C., 66 Bundy, McGeorge, 116,

126, 128, 130, 136-37 Burke,
Arleigh A., 68-69 Burning Candy missions,

320

Burns, Joseph D., 498-99 Buscher,
Max, 110, 112

Bush, George, 422 Bush, George W,
632-33,

636, 645

Butterfly processor, 592 Buzbee,
William, 599 Buzhardt, J. Fred, Jr.,

431-34

C-802 missile, 411-16, 417,

421, 458 Campaigne, Howard,

13-14, 15-17, 42-43,

96, 160, 551, 581,

583-87

Campbell, Ronnie, 216-17 Canada,
126, 513, 599 Arctic listening posts of,

139-42

CSE of, 394-97 Canine, Ralph J.,
30, 39, 41,

42-43, 377, 477, 573,

583, 585 Caracristi, Ann, 354—55,

370, 377, 462, 523,

564 Carillon computer system,

590

Carlucci, Frank, 393 Carter,
Billy, 381, 443 Carter, Jimmy, 229, 381,

443, 445-46 Carter, Marshall S.,
102,

108, 128, 132, 180,

222-23, 228, 231-32,

249, 263, 269, 337,

339-40, 407, 524, 578 Carver,
George, 331—32 Casale, Robert, 184 Casey, William I, 382, 389,

391 Cassidy, George A., 167—72,

176, 178,313 Castle, Ernest C.,
224 Castro, Fidel, 63, 70, 71, 72,

73, 74, 78, 83, 89, 90,

118, 120, 123, 125,

129, 135-38, 181

peace feelers of, 128-30,

136, 139 Central Intelligence

Agency (CIA), 30, 37,
41,44,51,57,58-60, 61, 99, 127, 129, 136, 147, 149, 177,246, ,         291-92,
323, 355, 409, 420, 429, 430, 435, 437,446, 511,512, 516, 526 assassination
unit of,

479

Bay of Pigs invasion and, 70, 72,
73-76, 78, 79

Cuban missile crisis and, 100,
107, 109, 116, 124 Dien Bien Phu battle

and, 286-87 Gulf War and declining

status of, 474—76 Inman at, 382
NSA's relations with, 358-59, 382-85, 473-79, 500 rebuilding of, 476-77 Vietnam
War and, 331,

333, 337

Central Signals Organization, 162

Cesaire, Aime, 178 Chafee, John
H., 281 Chagos Archipelago,

163-64

Charles Berry,
310 Chase,
Gordon, 136—37 Chen, Steve, 593, 597 Cheney, Dick, 637 Cheramy, Ed, 395 Chiang
Kai-shek, 27-28 Chicca, Robert, 264 Chile, 19,61, 133-34,382 China,
Nationalist, 19 Marshall mission to, 27-28

China, People's Republic of, 25,
42, 93, 142, 242,293,316-17, 352, 368, 402, 408, 503, 649 French engine sales
to,

474-75

Hong Kong and, 547 Iranian missile
deal with, 409-18, 421-22, 458

in Korean War, 27-29 listening
post surveillance of, 155, 157-59

China National Precision Machinery
Import & Export Corporation, 409-10,411,416,417

Christian, George, 233—34

Church, Frank, 434, 439

Church Committee,

435-36, 438-40, 442

Churchill, Winston, 357

Clark, David, 461, 463

Clark, Tom, 436

Classic Wizard, 165

Clickbeetle, 242-43

Cline, Ray S., 299

Clinton, Bill, 385, 426, 444, 445,
495-96, 520, 554 Jiang's summit with, 414, 416, 447

Clinton administration, 282, 444

CNN, 464, 510-11

Cobra Ball missions, 504

Cocheteux, Jean-Bernard, 421-22

Codevilla, Angelo, 378

Coldfeet, 144

Cold War,
see specific events
and individuals

Cole,
501

Cole, Isaiah, 549

Colombia, 19,23, 133

Combat Apple missions, 320

Combat Fox, 271 Combined Naval
Cypher

Number 3, 18 Comint, 8 Commerce
Department,

U.S., 421, 424 Communications
Branch of

the National Research

Council (CBNRC),

141 Communications Security

Establishment (CSE),

394-97, 421 Comout, 348 computers:

Project Lightning and,

582-90 RAMs as forerunners of,

579-80, 581 vacuum tubes in, 581,

584

see also
supercomputers
Confidential Code Number

2, 18

CONFIRM access list, 507 Congo,
134, 181, 182, 183 Congo, Republic of, 182 Congress, U.S., 53, 103, 301,

425, 456, 460, 469,

470, 473, 558, 560,

574, 576 Inman's relations with,

377-79, 381, 384 Lemnitzer's
testimony

to, 68, 73, 88
Liberty
attack
left un-

probed by, 231,238 Tonkin Gulf
Resolution

enacted by, 299
see also
House
of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, US.

Conley, Herbert L., 24 Connell,
John, 187, 197 Conrad, Joseph, 182-83 Cook, Ralph E., 222, 250 Corderman, W.
Preston, 19