Citizen Emperor (166 page)
Authors: Philip Dwyer
| 77 . | Thomas Munch-Petersen, Defying Napoleon: How Britain Bombarded Copenhagen and Seized the Danish Fleet in 1807 (London, 2007). |
| 78 . | Jorgensen, The Anglo-Swedish Alliance , pp. 34–40. |
| 79 . | Glover, ‘The French Fleet’, pp. 235–6, 238. |
| 80 . | Glover, ‘The French Fleet’, p. 235 n. 8. |
| 81 . | Lentz, Savary , pp. 193–200. Savary was also to smooth things over with Murat who was going to be passed over as King of Spain. |
| 82 . | Corr. xvii. n. 13750 (16 April 1808). On the meeting at Bayonne see Lovett, Napoleon and the Birth of Modern Spain , i. pp. 110–20; Edouard Ducéré, Napoléon à Bayonne: d’après les contemporains et des documents inédits (Paris, 1994), pp. 101–23. |
| 83 . | Ducéré, Napoléon à Bayonne , pp. 50–4. |
| 84 . | Avrillion, Mémoires , pp. 221, 225. |
| 85 . | Corr. xvii. n. 13772 (22 April 1808). For the following see Hilt, The Troubled Trinity , pp. 235–42; Jean-François Labourdette, ‘Le voyage de Ferdinand VII à Bayonne: la controverse entre Escoïquiz et Cevallos’, in Pontet, Napoléon, Bayonne et l’Espagne , pp. 119–24. |
| 86 . | Cited in Lovett, Napoleon and the Birth of Modern Spain , i. pp. 114–15. |
| 87 . | Louis-François-Joseph Bausset, Mémoires anecdotiques sur l’intérieur du palais et sur quelques évènemens de l’Empire depuis 1805 jusqu’au 1er mai 1814 pour servir à l’histoire de Napoléon , 2 vols (Paris, 1828), i. p. 229. |
| 88 . | On this scene see Savary, Mémoires , ii. pp. 382–4. |
| 89 . | Lovett, Napoleon and the Birth of Modern Spain , i. p. 118; John Lawrence Tone, The Fatal Knot: The Guerrilla War in Navarre and the Defeat of Napoleon in Spain (Chapel Hill, 1994), p. 48. |
| 90 . | Lecestre (ed.), Lettres inédites , i. pp. 192–3 (9 May 1808); Waresquiel, Talleyrand , pp. 384–6. |
| 91 . | Jean-Claude Drouin, ‘L’image des Entrevues de Bayonne chez quelques témoins et historiens aux XIXe siècle: de Cevallos à Savine 1808–1908’, in Pontet, Napoléon, Bayonne et l’Espagne , pp. 144–52. |
| 92 . | Lecestre (ed.), Lettres inédites , i. pp. 188–9 (30 April 1808). Méneval, Mémoires , ii. p. 164, thinks that Napoleon was undecided before leaving Paris for Bayonne. |
| 93 . | Geoffroy de Grandmaison, L’Espagne et Napoléon , 3 vols (Paris, 1908–31), i. pp. iii-v; Gotteri, Napoléon , p. 135, for example. |
| 94 . | Suggests Jean-René Aymes, ‘Napoléon et Joseph Bonaparte sous le regards des Espagnols’, 1 (1998), 28. |
| 95 . | Corr. xvii. n. 13899 (16 May 1808). |
| 96 . | Bausset, Mémoires anecdotiques , i. pp. 232–3; Tone, The Fatal Knot , pp. 49–50; Jean-Marc Lafon, ‘Occupation, pacification et résistance en Andalousie’, Revue historique des armées , 210 (1998), 14; and Jean-Marc Lafon, ‘Del Dos de Mayo madrileño a los pontones de Cádiz: violencias francesas y españolas a principios de la Guerra de la Independencia’, in F. Acosta Ramírez and M. Ruiz Jiménez (eds), Baylen 1808–2008: Bailén: su impacto en la nueva Europa del XIX y su proyección futura (Jaén, 2009), pp. 105–28. |
| 97 . | John Lawrence Tone, ‘A Dangerous Amazon: Agustina Zaragoza and the Spanish Revolutionary War, 1808–1814’, European History Quarterly , 37 (2007), 552; and John Lawrence Tone, ‘Spanish Women in the Resistance to Napoleon’, in Victoria Lorée Enders and Pamela Beth (eds), Constructing Spanish Womanhood: Female Identity in Modern Spain (Albany, NY, 1999), pp. 259–82. |
| 98 . | For a brief overview see Hocquellet, Résistance et révolution , pp. 65–96; Tone, The Fatal Knot , pp. 51–7; Charles Esdaile, Peninsular Eyewitnesses: The Experience of War in Spain and Portugal 1808–1813 (Barnsley, 2008), pp. 1–44. The Spanish reaction to invasion was not ‘nationalist’, but rather a series of particularistic responses, closely linked to regional structures. For a more detailed study see Ronald Fraser, Napoleon’s Cursed War: Spanish Popular Resistance in the Peninsular War, 1808–1814 (London, 2008). |
| 99 . | Ordre du Jour, AN 1609 (2), Affaires d’Espagnes (2 May 1808); Lentz, Nouvelle histoire du Premier Empire , i. p. 401. |
100
. Brégeon,
Napoléon et la guerre d’Espagne
, p. 98. Tone,
The Fatal Knot
, pp. 50 and 198 n. 23, places the figure at anywhere between 400 and 1,200.
101
. Philippe Gille,
Mémoires d’un conscrit de 1808
(Paris, 1892), pp. 70–2; Bausset,
Mémoires anecdotiques
, i. pp. 234–6; François,
Journal
, pp. 558–61; Jean-Pierre Bois,
Bugeaud
(Paris, 1997), pp. 76–7.
102
. Hughes,
Goya
, p. 310.
103
.
Moniteur universel
, 11 May 1808; and Napoleon to Fouché, in Lecestre (ed.),
Lettres inédites
, i. p. 194 (21 May 1808).
104
.
Moniteur universel
, 14 July 1808 and 5 February 1810.
105
.
Jugement sur les affaires d’Espagne tel que le portera lu postérité, par un Espagnol impartial
(n.p., 1808), in AN AFIV 1610 (3), Affaires d’Espagne, Pamphlets sur le changement de dynastie (1808).
106
. Metternich reported that the Parisian public was in a sort of stupor over Bayonne (Constantin de Grunwald (ed.), ‘La fin d’une ambassade, Metternich’,
Revue de Paris
, 19–20 (1937), p. 505 (17 May 1808)). Madelin,
Histoire du Consulat et de l’Empire
,
16 vols (Paris, 1937–54), vii. pp. 142–5.
107
. Waresquiel,
Talleyrand
, pp. 378–84.
108
. Marbot,
Mémoires
, ii. p. 43.
109
. See, for example,
Histoire de Napoléon Buonaparte, depuis sa naissance, en 1769, jusqu’à sa translation à l’île Sainte-Hélène, en 1815
, 4 vols (Paris, 1817–18), iii. pp. 220–1.
110
. See, for example, Metternich,
Mémoires
, ii. pp. 202–8 (17 August 1808); and Talleyrand’s comments to him in Grunwald (ed.), ‘La fin d’une ambassade’, 821 (23 August 1808).
111
. See, for example, Hauterive,
La police secrète du premier Empire
, iv. p. 228 (11 June 1808).
112
. Noël,
Souvenirs militaires
, p. 87.
113
. Narcisse Faucheur,
Souvenirs de campagnes du sergent Faucheur
(Paris, 2004), pp. 119–20.
114
. Forrest,
Napoleon’s Men
, pp. 123–4.
115
. Jean-Baptiste Jolyet, ‘Episode des guerres de Catalogne (1808–1812)’,
Revue
des études napoléoniennes
, 16 (July 1919), 182–214.
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